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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox royalty {{Infobox royalty
| consort = yes | consort = yes
|succession = ] | succession = ]
|reign = 27 August 1556 – {{nowrap|27 January 1547}} | reign = 5 January 1531 – 27 January 1547
| succession1 = Queen (Consort) of the Romans<br>Queen (Consort) in Germany | succession1 = ], ] and ]
| reign1 = 5 January 1531 – {{nowrap|27 January 1547}} | reign1 = 1526 – 27 January 1547
| succession2 = Queen (Consort) of Hungary<br>Queen (Consort) of Bohemia | succession2 = ]
| reign2 = 1526 – 27 January 1547 | reign2 = 25 May 1521 – 27 January 1547
| image = Hans Maler - Queen Anne of Hungary and Bohemia - WGA13895.jpg
| coronation2 = 25 February 1524 (Hungary)<br>4 November 1527 (Bohemia)
| caption = Portrait by ], {{circa|1519}}
| succession3 = Archduchess (Consort) of Austria
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1503|07|23|df=y}}
| reign3 = 25 May 1521 – 27 January 1547
| name = Anne of Bohemia and Hungary | birth_place = ], ]
| death_date = {{dda|1547|01|27|1503|07|23|df=y}}
| title = ]<br>Queen in Germany<br>]<br>]
| death_place = ], ], ]
| image = Hans Maler - Queen Anne of Hungary and Bohemia - WGA13895.jpg
| burial_place = ]
| caption = Portrait by ], {{circa|1519}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|]<br>(later Holy Roman Emperor)|26 May 1521}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1503|07|23|df=y}}
|issue = {{Plainlist|
| birth_place = ], ]
* ]
| death_date = {{dda|1547|01|27|1503|07|23|df=y}}
| death_place = ], ]
| burial_place = ]
| spouse = {{Marriage|]|26 May 1521}}
| issue = {{plainlist|
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* Archduke John
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* Archduchess Ursula
* ]
* ] * ]
}} }}
| house = ] (by birth)<br>] (by marriage) | house = ]
| father = ] | father = ]
| mother = ] | mother = ]
| religion = ]
}} }}
'''Anna of Bohemia and Hungary''' (23 July 1503&nbsp;– 27 January 1547),<ref name="CFB">{{cite Q|Q115749214|editor1=Henry Gardiner Adams}}</ref> sometimes known as '''Anna Jagellonica''', was ], ], and ] and ] as the wife of King ] (later ]).


==Early life==
She was the oldest child and only daughter of King ] (1456–1516) and his third wife ].{{sfn|Previte-Orton|1962|p=922}} King ] was her younger brother. Her paternal grandparents were King ] (of the ]) and ], one of the heiresses of the ], the ] and the ]. Her maternal grandparents were ], and ], an ] of the ].<ref name="CFB"></ref>


Anne was born in ] (now ]). The death of Vladislaus II on 13 March 1516 left both siblings in the care of the Holy Roman Emperor ]. It was arranged for Anna to marry his grandson, Archduke ], second son of ] ] and her late husband and co-ruler, ]. Anna and Mary moved first to ], and then to ]. Maximilian rarely visited, but he sent his hunter home to instruct the two girls in the art of hunting. There was emphasis on their abilities to handle weapons and other physical skills. The ] education they enjoyed focused on problem-solving skills. They were also instructed in dancing, music, and came in contact with many humanists visited the imperial library there. Innsbruck was also home to a great weapon arsenal and a growing armament industry built by the emperor.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Royen |first1=Laetitia V. G. Gorter-Van |title=Maria van Hongarije, regentes der Nederlanden: een politieke analyse op basis van haar regentschaps-ordonnanties en haar correspondentie met Karel V |date=1995 |publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren |isbn=978-90-6550-394-7 |pages=41,59–66,373 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-94RKP-Lc4UC |access-date=15 December 2021 |language=nl}}</ref>
'''Anne of Bohemia and Hungary''' (23 July 1503 – 27 January 1547), also known by the ] form of her name, '''Anna Jagellonica''' (]: ''Anna Jagellonská,'' Hungarian: ''Jagelló Anna,'' ]: ''Ana Jagelović,'' ]: ''Anna Jagiello von Böhmen und Ungarn)'' was a Hungarian and Bohemian ] from the ]. She became the ], ] in Germany, Queen (Consort) of ] and ] (]), and Hungary as well as an ] as the wife of ].
Anna married Ferdinand on 26 May 1521 in ], Austria.{{sfn|Previte-Orton|1962|p=922}} At the time, Ferdinand was governing the ] on behalf of his older brother ]. It was stipulated that Ferdinand should succeed Anne's brother Louis in case he died without legitimate male heirs.


==Queen of Bohemia and Hungary==
== Background of her birth (1500–1503) ==
] in Prague]]
], ] of ] and ] (]) (1456–1516) married ] (1484–1506), a ] 28 years younger than him in the desperate hope of fathering a male ] to his thrones. He had been married two times before (]), but neither marriages were ], and both were ] on the same day in 1500.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wenczel |first=Gusztáv |date=1877 |editor-last=Szilágyi |editor-first=Sándor |title=II. Ulászló magyar és cseh királynak házas élete. 1501–1506 |trans-title=The married life of King Vladislaus II of Hungary and Bohemia. 1501-1506 |url=https://archive.org/details/szzadok36trgoog/page/n8/mode/1up?view=theater |journal=Századok. A Magyar Történelmi Társulat közlönye. |language=hu |issue=I. |pages=638 |access-date=2 June 2022 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> He finally married Anne on 23 July 1502, and in January 1503, it was reported by ] deputies in Hungary that the new queen was ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wenczel |first=Gusztáv |year=1877 |editor-last=Szilágyi |editor-first=Sándor |title=II. Ulászló magyar és cseh királynak házas élete. 1501–1506 |trans-title=The married life of King Vladislaus II of Hungary and Bohemia. 1501-1506 |url=https://archive.org/details/szzadok36trgoog/page/822/mode/1up?view=theater |journal=Századok |language=hu |location=Budapest |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |issue=III. |pages=822 |access-date=2 June 2022 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> In the summer of that year, Vladislaus' mother, ] (1436–1505) wrote a letter to her son, rejoicing over the possible arrival of a much-awaited heir and containing contemporary ] advice:<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Bécsi Császári és Királyi Udvari Könyvtárnak 10573. számú XVI. századi kódexe |publisher=Stampfel Károly Kiadása |year=1893 |edition=Special |location=Pozsony |language=hu |translator-last=Uhlárik |translator-first=János |trans-title=No. 10573 16th Century Codex of the Imperial and Royal Court Library of Vienna |chapter=Erzsébet lengyel királynénak a királyi gyermek neveléséről fiához II. Ulászló Magyar- és Csehország királyához irt könyve |trans-chapter=Queen Elizabeth of Poland's Book on the Education of the Royal Child, Written to her Son, King Vladislaus II of Hungary and Bohemia |orig-date=Original letter written in 1503}}</ref>
] lands in 1544. Anne's husband Ferdinand ruled the ] of the Habsburgs in the name of his elder brother, ].]]
{{Quote|text=I hear, my beloved son, that thy wife Queen Anne is going to give birth to a child in the coming days. It can already serve as a testimony to what a great joy and consolation this news has been to me that I could not restrain myself from addressing a few admonitions to thee and thine Anne that would be salutary for the child's education. For what good deed could the immortal God bestow upon us that would be more desirable and dear to us than blessing thee with a son (...) I, therefore, as far as it can happen without endangering the health of the mother, would want the child to be breastfed by Anne herself; for I consider this the best and healthiest. It is common opinion that nothing is more useful to the infant than if it is fed with the mother's milk.|author=Queen Dowager Elizabeth of Poland|title=De Institutione Regii Pueri Helisabetha Poloniae Regina Wladislao Pannoniae Bohemiaeque Regi Filio Carissimo/The Instruction of Royal Children, Elizabeth Polish Queen to her Dear Son Vladislaus Hungarian and Bohemian King|source=A Bécsi Császári és Királyi Udvari Könyvtárnak 10573. számú XVI. századi kódexe (in Hungarian). Pozsony. 1893}}
Louis died without a legitimate male heir after he was thrown from his horse at the conclusion of the ] against ] of the ] on 29 August 1526. This left the thrones of both Bohemia and Hungary vacant. Ferdinand claimed both kingdoms and was elected king of Bohemia on 24 October of the same year with Anne as his queen.


Hungary was a more difficult case, as Suleiman had annexed much of its lands. Ferdinand was proclaimed king of Hungary by a group of nobles, but another faction of Hungarian nobles refused to allow a foreign ruler to hold that title and elected ] as an alternative king. The resulting conflict between the two rivals and their successors lasted until 1570 when John's son ] gave up the title king of Hungary in favor of Ferdinand's son ] as part of the terms of the ]. In 1531, Ferdinand's older brother Charles V decided Ferdinand would be his successor as ], and Ferdinand was ] to the title ].
== Early life (1503–1521) ==
] depiction of Buda in the ] from 1493, 10 years before Anne's birth. The castle where she was born is on the left.]]


Anne was entrusted by her husband with many responsibilities. During his stay in Brussels, she was appointed as Regent (''Statthalterin''). Together with the Bishop of Trieste, she was the Chair of his ''Hofrat'' (Court Council). In her husband's name, she presided over many Diets. She became famous for her charity and wisdom.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Korotin |first1=Ilse |title=biografiA: Lexikon österreichischer Frauen |date=19 May 2016 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag Wien |isbn=978-3-205-79590-2 |page=126 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O5pVDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA126 |access-date=15 December 2021 |language=de}}</ref>
=== Birth and baptism (1503) ===
On 23 July 1503 the princess was born in ] (today part of ]). She was ] on 15 August 1503 in the ] (]: ''Budavári Nagyboldogasszony-templom)'' (known commonly as Matthias Church, Hungarian: ''Mátyás-templom)'' by ] ]/Bakács, ] ], and ] (1442–1521). Her ] were the ] of the late ] ]/Zápolya, born Princess ] (1469–1521) and the wife of ] and ] ] Péter Szentgyörgyi, born Kunigunda Ctibor. Her godfathers were Cardinal Pietro Isvalies, ] and ] of ] (died 1511), the ] to Hungary and Poland; ], ] of ] and of ] (1459–1524), Venetian deputy Dr. Giovanni Badoer, and ] ] (circa 1457–1524). In celebration, the fountain of Buda Castle dispensed wine for a whole day, free for everyone, there were ] at night and a ] ending only at ].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fógel |first=József |url=https://archive.org/details/iiiemsodikul00fg/mode/2up |title=II. Ulászló udvartartása (1490–1516) |publisher=] |year=1913 |location=Budapest |pages=126-127 |language=hu |trans-title=The Court of Vladislaus II (1490-1516) |chapter=Ünnepségek |trans-chapter=Festivities |ol=24345838M |access-date=2 June 2022 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/iiiemsodikul00fg/page/125/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref>


Ferdinand at first seemed to suffer from a lack of premarital experience, but in the end the marriage proved extremely successful both personally and politically.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kohler |first1=Alfred |title=Ferdinand I., 1503-1564: Fürst, König und Kaiser |date=2003 |publisher=C.H.Beck |isbn=978-3-406-50278-1 |pages=96,97 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cVR2wbob0AC&pg=PA96 |access-date=15 December 2021 |language=de}}</ref> Anna and Ferdinand had fifteen children, all of whom were born in Bohemia or Austria. The kingdoms of both Bohemia and Hungary had suffered for centuries from premature deaths among heirs and a shortage of succession prospects, a predicament resolved by Anne's impressive fertility. Meanwhile, Anna served as ] and as one of three living Queens of Hungary until her death. She died in ], days after giving birth to her last daughter ].<ref name="CFB" /> In 1556, Charles V abdicated and Ferdinand succeeded as emperor, nine years after Anna's death. After Anna died, Ferdinand was advised to remarry several times by people around him, but he could not forget his wife and never remarried.
=== Early childhood in Hungary (1503–1515) ===
Anne's care was entrusted to a ], Ursula Pemfflinger/Pemflinger/Phnjynger/Pynphlinger, probably born Schneidpöck, second wife of a ] and judge (]) of Buda, Hans Pemfflinger (also known as János Nyírő; ] 1477 – died 1512/1513).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Végh |first=András |url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/ORSZ_BPTM_Mhb_16/?pg=0&layout=s |title=Buda város középkori helyrajza |publisher=Budapest Történeti Múzeum |year=2008 |isbn=978-9639340725 |editor-last=F. Romhányi |editor-first=Beatrix |series=II. |location=Budapest |pages=263 |language=hu |trans-title=The Medieval Topography of the City of Budapest |chapter=Névmutató |trans-chapter=Index |issn=0077-1430 |access-date=2 June 2022 |chapter-url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/ORSZ_BPTM_Mhb_16/?pg=264&layout=s}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kubinyi |first=András |url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/BFLV_Vt_2009_TanBudKozepkorTort_2/?pg=0&layout=s |title=Tanulmányok Budapest középkori történetéről |publisher=Budapest Főváros Levéltára |year=2009 |series=II. |location=Budapest |pages=746-750 |language=hu |trans-title=Studies on the Medieval History of Budapest |chapter=A Pemfflingerek Bécsben és Budán. Adatok a két főváros polgárságának középkor végi gazdasági és családi összeköttetéseihez. |trans-chapter=The Pemfflingers in Vienna and Buda. Data on the Economic and Family Connections of the Bourgeoisie of the Two Capitals at the End of the Middle Ages. |access-date=2 June 2022 |chapter-url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/BFLV_Vt_2009_TanBudKozepkorTort_2/?pg=296&layout=s}}</ref> On 10 January 1504, when she was only about 6 months old, her father suffered a ] and struggled with recovery, not being able to stand up until February. As his health had been frail before, the court was concerned with the lack of a male heir.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wenczel |first=Gusztáv |date=1877 |title=II. Ulászló magyar és cseh királynak házas élete. 1501–1506 |trans-title=The married life of King Vladislaus II of Hungary and Bohemia. 1501-1506 |url=https://archive.org/details/szzadok36trgoog/page/823/mode/1up?view=theater |journal=Századok. A Magyar Történelmi Társulat közlönye |issue=III. |pages=823-826 |access-date=2 June 2022 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>


During Anna's life, her husband expanded the Castle of Linz to offer her more security in times of war. The Belvedere ("]"), one of the most beautiful buildings in Prague, was built for her on the grounds of ] starting in 1538.{{sfn|Korotin|2016|p=126}} It was not completed in its present form until 1565, long after her death.
==== First marriage negotiations (1505–1515) ====
In February 1505, one of the princess' godmothers, Hedwig of Cieszyn asked for the 19-month-old ]'s hand in marriage for her 18-year-old son, ]/Szapolyai (1490/1491–1540). His other son, ] (circa 1488–1526) had been engaged to ] (1496–1508), illegitimate granddaughter of King ] (1443–1490) earlier that month, whose late father ] (1473–1504) had had a claim to the Hungarian throne. The ] refused the ] politely.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Wenczel |first=Gusztáv |date=1877 |title=II. Ulászló magyar és cseh királynak házas élete. 1501–1506 |url=https://archive.org/details/szzadok36trgoog/page/834/mode/1up?view=theater |journal=Századok |issue=III. |pages=834 |access-date=2 June 2022 |via=Internet Acrhive}}</ref> Instead, the king chose ] ] (died 1519) as his daughter's intended, who had been ] palatine in May 1504 over John Corvinus. However, Vladislaus soon abandoned his previous plans<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wenczel |first=Gusztáv |date=1877 |title=II. Ulászló magyar és cseh királynak házas élete. 1501–1506 |trans-title=The married life of King Vladislaus II of Hungary and Bohemia. 1501-1506 |url=https://archive.org/details/szzadok36trgoog/page/835/mode/1up?view=theater |journal=Századok |issue=III. |pages=835 |access-date=2 June 2022 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> and, on 19 July 1505, he started secret ] with ] about the marriage of Princess Anne and the emperor's two-year-old grandson, ] (1503–1564), who was Anne's second cousin once removed.<ref name=":1" />


==Children==
===== The Resolution of Rákos and its immediate consequences (1505–1506) =====
]
In 1505, the '']/Generale'' gathered on the Field of Rákos (Hungarian: '']''), where they agreed that the election of foreign-born kings was the reason for what they called "the appalling disintegration and hideous destruction" of the country (Hungarian: ''rémséges szétrongyolódásának és csúfságos pusztulásának)''. Against this, a document was written by ] and ] ] (1458–1541)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fraknói |first=Vilmos |url=https://mek.oszk.hu/05700/05752/html/index.htm |title=Werbőczi István. 1458–1541 |publisher=Magyar Történelmi Társulat |year=1899 |editor-last=Dézsi |editor-first=Lajos |location=Budapest |chapter=A pálya kezdete |trans-chapter=The Start of the Career |access-date=2 June 2022 |chapter-url=https://mek.oszk.hu/05700/05752/html/02.htm#d1e759 }}</ref> that declared that if King Vladislaus died without a legitimate son, the ''parlamentum'' would choose a new king from the ], dismissing Princess Anne as an heir. The supporters of John Zápolya worked together to pass this as a resolution, which happened on 13 October and became known as the ] (Hungarian: ''rákosi végzés).''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Péter |first=Szentgyörgyi |date=12 October 1505 |title=DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Családi levéltárak (P szekcióból) • Esterházy család hercegi ága, Repositorium (Q 67) • 88940 |url=https://archives.hungaricana.hu/hu/charters/257882/?list=eyJxdWVyeSI6ICJyXHUwMGUxa29zaSJ9 |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=Hungaricana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tóth-Szabó |first=Pál |url=https://mek.oszk.hu/05600/05660/html/index.htm |title=Szatmári György prímás. 1457–1524 |publisher=Magyar Történelmi Társulat |year=1906 |editor-last=Dézsi |editor-first=Lajos |location=Budapest |language=hu |trans-title=Primate Szatmári György. 1457–1524 |chapter=A pálya kezdetén |trans-chapter=At the Start of the Career |access-date=2 June 2022 |chapter-url=https://mek.oszk.hu/05600/05660/html/03.htm#d1e1125 }}</ref>
{{Quote|text=We want to prevent us from sinking into even greater menace in case our gracious lord, King Vladislaus (...) would die without a male heir, and a foreign prince, occupying our homeland with force, would bring us to perpetual servitude. As there is no nation around the globe that does not choose its king and lord from its own blood and own ]: we must not allow our country (...) to be inferior and unhappier than others.|author=István Werbőczy|title=Resolution of Rákos|source=Hungaricana Archives}}
The ''parlamentum'' also decided that war should be declared against Maximilian I, and on 7 May 1606, Vladislaus complied. However, he had already signed a pact with the emperor on 20 March in ], declaring the Resolution of Rákos invalid and betrothing Princess Anne to Archduke Ferdinand. As Queen Anne was three months pregnant at the time of the secret pact, the two monarchs also agreed that if she gave birth to a son, he would marry Ferdinand's sister ] (1505–1558). In June 1506, the imperial forces took ] and ] (present-day Bratislava, ]), which did not put an end to the secret talks between Maximilian and Vladislav. On 22 June, the court officially declared Imre Perényi to be Anne's ], but on 19 July, a ] was signed and the engagement to Perényi forgotten.<ref name=":1" />

===== Between the death of her mother and the First Congress of Vienna (1506–1515) =====
On 1 July 1506 in Buda, Queen Anne gave birth to a ] son, ] (Hungarian: ''Lajos''), but died of ] three weeks later on 26 July, only three days after her daughter's third birthday. Louis himself was a sickly child, but the royal doctors succeeded at keeping him alive.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Groák |first=Lajos |date=1997 |title=Egy király születése. A frissen leölt sertések bendőjében nevelt II. Lajos |trans-title=The birth of a king. Louis II, Raised in the Belly of Freshly Slaughtered Pigs |url=https://www.c3.hu/~iris/00-1/groak.htm |journal=Orvosi Hetilap |pages=85-87 |access-date=2 June 2022 |via=}}</ref> After this, King Vladislav reportedly only found enjoyment in the company of his children, played with them and walked with them in the castle gardens.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fógel |first=József |url=https://archive.org/details/iiiemsodikul00fg/mode/2up |title=II. Ulászló udvartartása |publisher=] |year=1913 |location=Budapest |pages=39 |language=hu |trans-title=The Court of Vladislaus II (1490-1516) |chapter=Személyzet |trans-chapter=Staff |ol=OL24345838M |access-date=2 June 2022 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/iiiemsodikul00fg/page/32/mode/1up?view=theater }}</ref> In 1506, a mutual succession treaty was signed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pannonian Renaissance |url=https://mek.oszk.hu/01900/01919/html/index1.html |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=mek.oszk.hu}}</ref>

On 4 June 1508, two-year-old Louis was crowned ] of Hungary in ] as Louis II. Afterwards, the children received their own ], the members of which had previously served their mother. The head of their household was István Istvánffy (died 1517), the ] and livestock ] (1475–1526). ] (died 1527) was put in charge of their education, while the ] ] ] (circa 1450 – 1535) was their first ], who mostly neglected his duties and focused on court intrigues. In 1510, he was replaced by ] (died 1527), who taught them general knowledge and ]. The children also learned ] from Jetřich z Tandorfu and ] from the royal ] Stephen of ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fógel |first=József |url=https://archive.org/details/iiiemsodikul00fg/mode/2up |title=II. Ulászló udvartartása (1490–1516) |publisher=] |year=1913 |location=Budapest |pages=41-43 |language=hu |trans-title=The Court of Vladislaus II (1490–1516) |chapter=Személyzet |trans-chapter=Staff |ol=24345838M |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/iiiemsodikul00fg/page/32/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref>

=== Later childhood in Austria (1515–1521) ===

==== The First Congress of Vienna (1515) ====
] by ]. From left to right: Maximilian I, Mary, Louis, Vladislaus II, Anna, Sigismund I.]]
In the summer of 1515, King Vladislav, Junior King Louis, and Princess Anne travelled to the ]. Other guests were Maximilian I, his granddaughter Archduchess Mary, and ] (1467–1548), Vladislav's younger brother. Archdukes Charles and Ferdinand were not present as they were being raised in the ] and in ], respectively. After the reunion on 19 July, the bethrothal was celebrated on 22 July in ] (]: ''Stephansdom)''. Maximilain stood ] for his absent grandson. Both brides had a dowry of 200 000 ]. As Mary was to become queen as Louis' wife, the Hungarians expected a similar rank for Anne: she would either be Queen of ], etc. and ] as Charles' wife, or that of Italy or a proposed "Kingdom of Austria" if married to Ferdinand. The widower Maximilian also had to promise that if for some reason neither of his grandsons were able to marry Anne, he would do it himself, despite their 44-year age difference.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wiesflecker |first=Hermann |title=Maximilian I. Die Fundamente des habsburgischen Weltreiches |date=1 November 1991 |publisher=Verlag für Geschichte un Politik |isbn=978-3486558753 |location=Oldenbourg |pages=192 |language=de}}</ref>

During the events of the reunion, the 12-year-old princess captured the attention of many with her beauty and was described as gorgeous, elegant, brave, and cheerful, with a dignified walk. She even danced with the elderly emperor once, who gifted her 600 ] (1097.28 ] or 3600 ]) of ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fógel |first=János |url=https://archive.org/details/iiiemsodikul00fg/mode/2up |title=II. Ulászló udvartartása (1490–1516) |publisher=] |year=1913 |location=Budapest |pages=39-40, 133, 144 |language=hu |trans-title=The Court of Vladislaus II (1490–1516) |ol=24345838M}}</ref>

==== Life in Tyrol (1517–1521) ====
After the reunion, Anne did not return to Hungary. On 13 March 1516, her father died at the age of 60, leaving a country in financial ruins to his 10-year-old son. In 1517, Anne and her sister-in-law Mary were sent to ], ], where they were raised together in the ] ("New Castle").<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Réthelyi |first=Orsolya |date=2007 |title=Főhercegnői udvarból királynéi udvar: Habsburg Mária budai királynéi udvartartásának kezdetei |trans-title=From the Court of an Archduchess to that of a Queen Consort: The Beginnings of Mary of Habsburg's Buda Court as Queen |url=https://real-j.mtak.hu/13761/1/Szazadok_2007.pdf |journal=Századok |language=hu |issue=141 |pages=1193-1216 |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> Maximilian rarely visited, but he sent his hunter home to instruct the two girls in the art of hunting. There was emphasis on their abilities to handle weapons and other physical skills. The Humanist education they enjoyed focused on problem-solving skills. They were also instructed in dancing, music, and came in contact with many humanists visited the imperial library there. Innsbruck was also home to a great weapon arsenal and a growing armament industry built by the emperor.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Royen |first1=Laetitia V. G. Gorter-Van |title=Maria van Hongarije, regentes der Nederlanden: een politieke analyse op basis van haar regentschaps-ordonnanties en haar correspondentie met Karel V |date=1995 |publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren |isbn=978-90-6550-394-7 |pages=41,59–66,373 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-94RKP-Lc4UC |access-date=15 December 2021 |language=nl}}</ref>

On 15 December 1518, Maximilian I suffered a ] that left him ], and he died on 12 January 1519, aged 60, and the ] started.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benecke |first=Gerhard |url=https://books.google.hu/books?id=kEyfDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y |title=Maximilian I (1459-1519): An Analytical Biography |date=1 January 1982 |publisher=Routledge and Kegan Paul |isbn=978-0710090232 |pages=23 |language=en |chapter=Austria – The Population |access-date=2 June 2022 |chapter-url=https://books.google.hu/books?id=kEyfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR21&hl=hu&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>

== Marriage (1521) ==
] window in ]]]

=== Negotiations (January–May 1521) ===
The Hungarian court wanted Anne to become empress, so they fought for her engagement to the older archduke, Charles. The Austrian side also agreed according to plans by ] ] (1465–1530). However, many ] ] would have liked to become the new emperor's ]. To keep his options open and avoid angering ] (1469–1521), ] (1491–1547), and ] (1494–1547), Charles had to abandon his original marriage plans, and decided that Anne should marry Ferdinand. He also agreed to giving him the '']'' ("Hereditary Lands"), thus splitting up the ]. The plans of creating a kingdom from these lands came up again, but never materialised. He also did not give his brother the ], as had been suggested in the ] of their maternal grandfather ].{{fact}}

Following these negotiations, a ] took place in Innsbruck on 11 December 1520, where Ferdinand was represented by ] (1481–1541). At the same time, Archduchess Mary also married King Louis by proxy. In May 1521, Archduke Ferdinand arrived in ], where he met his bride for the first time. On 26 May, at the age of 18, Anne married Ferdinand, also 18, while Mary travelled to Hungary and married King Louis in December.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tamussino |first=Ursula |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34061623 |title=Margarete von Österreich: Diplomatin der Renaissance |date=1 January 1995 |publisher=Verlag Styria |isbn=978-3222123368 |edition=German |location=Graz |pages=221-222 |language=de |oclc=34061623}}</ref>

=== Reunion with Louis I and the case of her dower (October 1523) ===
In October 1523, the couple visited Hungary and met King Louis and Queen Mary in ] on the 12th, then on the 15th in ], where they were joined on the 16th by ] (1467–1532), the envoy of ], uncle of Anne and Louis. The meeting ended on 24 October with a ] in Ferdinand's '']'' (hunting lodge) in Ebersdorf (today part of ] as Kaiserebersdorf). Besides other ] matters, the problem of Anne's unpaid ] and her overall situation in Austria was raised by Hungarian nobles.<ref name=":2" /> Szydłowiecki supported her case in the name of King Sigismund, stating that she had always been his dearest niece. The Hungarians said that "it is an unfair situation that the majestic Princess Anne is not allowed to keep ], ] and ] in her court, whereas the majestic Lady Mary keeps in her court and kitchen ], ], ] and others, whomever she wishes".<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Zombori |first=István |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/08300/08389/08389.pdf |title=Jagelló–Habsburg rendezési kísérlet 1523-ban Krzysztof Szydłowiecki naplója alapján |publisher=Magyar Egyháztörténeti Enciklopédia Munkaközösség (METEM) |year=2006 |pages=231, 276-277, 285-286 |language=hu |trans-title=The Jagiello-Habsburg Settlement Attempt of 1523, According to the Diary of Krzysztof Szydłowiecki |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref>

On a meeting on 21 October, a list was created of estates and ] that belonged to Anne. On 22 October, after King Louis himself pressed the matter, Ferdinand responded personally, which he had declined to do previously. He stated that he, new to Austria, found many of his estates and revenues, including several belonging to Anne, to be mortgaged from the time of ]. Some of these he was actively in the process of recovering, others he would only be able to get back later. He did not dispute the legitimacy of the request and intended to comply as soon as possible. He also promised to replace those he could not recover with estates of similar value.<ref name=":3" />

== Queen of Bohemia and Hungary (1526–1547) ==
]]]
In the disastrous ] against the ] ] on 29 August 1526, nearly the entire Hungarian army was destroyed in less than 2 hours. Most of the military and religious leaders of the country fell, but 20-year-old King Louis escaped. While riding up a steep ] of the ], he fell from his horse and could not get up because of the weight of his ] and ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Agnew |first=Hugh |title=The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown |date=1 September 2004 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0817944926 |pages=59 |language=en}}</ref> As he left no legitimate issue, his brother-in-law Ferdinand immediately offered himself as king to both the Bohemian and the Hungarian parliaments (which were ]).{{fact}}

On 24 October 1526, the ] elected him king on the condition that he would move to ]. They also did not grant hereditary rights to him. Ferdinand was ] King of Bohemia in Prague on 24 February 1527 and Anne on the 25th. The throne of Hungary, however, was disputed between him and ]/Szapolyai, ]. The latter was ] king on 10 November 1526 in ], mainly by the lower nobility, and crowned on 11 November.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Kann |first=Robert A. |url=https://books.google.hu/books?id=cG570mijBF4C&q=moh%C3%A1cs+%22ferdinand+I%22+elected&pg=PA611&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918 |date=26 November 1980 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0520042063 |pages=611 |language=en |chapter=Chronology |access-date=2 June 2022 |chapter-url=https://books.google.hu/books?id=cG570mijBF4C&q=moh%C3%A1cs+%22ferdinand+I%22+elected&pg=PA611&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ortvay |first=Tivadar |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/05800/05824/html/ |title=Mária, II. Lajos magyar király neje (1505–1558) |publisher=Magyar Történelmi Társulat |year=1914 |location=Budapest |pages=322-325 |language=hu |trans-title=Maria, Wife of King Louis II of Hungary |chapter=Ferdinánd székesfehérvári koronázása |trans-chapter=Ferdinand's Coronation in Székesfehérvár |access-date=2 June 2022 |chapter-url=http://mek.oszk.hu/05800/05824/html/04.htm#d1e11146}}</ref>

Ferdinand was proclaimed on 17 December by the ] and the ] in ] (present-day Bratislava, ]). This decision was accepted by the ] ''(Sabor)'' during the ], and on 3 November 1527, Ferdinand was crowned King of Hungary in the ] (Hungarian: ''Nagyboldogasszony-bazilika)'' in Székesfehérvár, followed by the coronation of his wife on the next day.<ref name=":4" /> It was an important point emphasised by all that the Hungarian nobility ''elected'' Ferdinand, who occupied the throne by this right alone, not because of the decisions of the 1515 ] or through his wife.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Csekey |first=István |url=http://real-eod.mtak.hu/5439/1/000905897.pdf |title=A magyar trónöröklési jog. Jogtörténelmi és közjogi tanulmány oklevélmellékletekkel |publisher=Athanæum |year=1917 |location=Budapest |pages=95-97 |language=hu |trans-title=The Hungarian royal succession law. A study of legal history and public law with documentary appendices |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref>

=== During the Siege of Vienna (1529) ===
After Ferdinand had defeated Zápolya, he fled the country and gave Hungary to the Ottoman Empire as a ] in return for support. Using this, ] ] ("Suleiman the Magnificent/the Lawgiver"; 1494–1566) laid ] in 1529. Queens Anne and Mary, who had been residing in ], fled to ] by river, taking Anne's four small children, three-year-old ] (1526–1545), two-year-old ] (1527–1576), one-year-old ] (1528–1590) and ] ] (1529–1595) with them. They sought refuge in Bohemia until it was safe to return to Linz, and then were sent to live in ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ortvay |first=Tivadar |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/05800/05824/html/ |title=Mária, II. Lajos magyar király neje (1505–1558) |publisher=Magyar Történelmi Társulat |year=1914 |location=Budapest |pages=332-333 |language=hu |trans-title=Maria, Wife of King Louis II of Hungary (1505–1558) |chapter=Mária Németalföldre való költözködése |trans-chapter=Maria's moving to the Low Countries |access-date=2 June 2022 |chapter-url=http://mek.oszk.hu/05800/05824/html/05.htm#d1e12117}}</ref>

=== Role in the Treaty of Nagyvárad (1538) ===
While preparing the Treaty of Nagyvárad (present-day ], ]), a ] between Ferdinand and Zápolya, the Zápolya party reached out to Anne for mediation. ] (died 1543) was sent to the queen, and he detailed the sufferings of her homeland with teaty eyes, asking her to "exercise her conciliatory influence on her husband and allow the long feud to be settled by mutual concession". The queen reportedly received them "most graciously", even though she did not usually engage with politics, but then sent an unrelenting response. Eventually, the two kings mutually accepted each other as monarchs of Hungary, John I ruling two-thirds of the country, known today as the ] (Hungarian: ''keleti Magyar Királyság)'' and Ferdinand I the western parts, known as ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Acsády |first=Ignác |url=http://mek.niif.hu/00800/00893/html/doc/c100314.htm |title=Magyarország három részre oszlásának története (1526–1608) |publisher=Athenæum Kiadó és Nyomdai Részvénytársulat |year=1897 |editor-last=Szilágyi |editor-first=Sándor |pages=112-113 |access-date=2 June 2022 |issue=}}</ref>

== Death (1547) ==
] in St. Vitus Cathedral in 2010]]
Queen Anne of Bohemia and Hungary died of ] on 27 January 1547 in ], 3 days after giving birth to her youngest, 15th child, Archduchess ] (1547–1578). She was ] in ] (]: ''Katedrála svatého Víta, Václava a Vojtěcha''). His devastated widower ] her until his own death in 1564, when he was buried next to her.<ref>{{Cite web |last=김 |first=동원 |date=2 June 2022 |title=페르디난트 1세<br />‘오스트리아 합스부르크 왕국’의 건설자 |trans-title=Ferdinand I. Builder of the Austrian Habsburg Empire |url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=3330446&cid=56790&categoryId=56801#TABLE_OF_CONTENT9 |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=Naver |language=ko}}</ref> He grew his beard long and ordered a ] to be said every morning for his wife's soul, on which he was always present.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Acsády |first=Ignác |url=http://mek.niif.hu/00800/00893/html/index.htm |title=Magyarország három részre oszlásának története 1526–1608 |publisher=Athenæum Irodalmi és Nyomdai Részvénytársulat |year=1897 |location=Budapest |pages=360 |language=hu |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> He was recommended many new brides over the years, but refused to marry again.<ref> 페르디난트 1세 - ‘오스트리아 합스부르크 왕국’의 건설자 (독일-오스트리아 왕가, 김동원)</nowiki>]....1547년 아내가 죽은 뒤 주변 사람들로부터 수차례 재혼 권유를 받았으나 아내를 잊지 못하고 독신으로 살았다.</ref>

== Appreciation and legacy ==
Ferdinand at first seemed to suffer from a lack of premarital experience, but in the end the marriage proved extremely successful both personally and politically.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kohler |first1=Alfred |title=Ferdinand I., 1503-1564: Fürst, König und Kaiser |date=2003 |publisher=C.H.Beck |isbn=978-3-406-50278-1 |pages=96,97 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cVR2wbob0AC&pg=PA96 |access-date=15 December 2021 |language=de}}</ref> She was entrusted by her husband with many great responsibilities: during his stay in ], she was appointed ] (German: ''Statthalterin''), and she presided over many ] in Ferdinand's name. She also became famous for her ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Korotin |first1=Ilse |url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/32407/611232.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=biografiA. biografische Datenbank und Lexikon österreichischer Frauen |date=2006 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag |isbn=9783205795902 |volume=1 A-H |location=Vienna |page=126 |language=de |trans-title=biografiA. Encyclopædia of Austrian Women |doi=10.26530/oapen_611232 |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref>

It is likely that her brother ] had an ] son, ] by ], who served both ] and Anne of Bohemia and Hungary as a ]. Anne and Ferdinand took care of their alleged nephew with regular money donations, but never acknowledged him as a relative.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Takáts |first=Sándor |date=1903 |editor-last=Nagy |editor-first=Gyula |title=II. Lajos király fia |url=https://real-j.mtak.hu/13660/1/Szazadok_1903.pdf |journal=Századok |pages=183-185 |via=REAL-J}}</ref>

=== Architecture (Linz and Prague) ===
Her husband expanded ] to offer her more security in times of war.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} ] (]: ''Letohrádek královny Anny,'' also known as Belvedere) in Prague was built for her by Ferdinand on the grounds of ] starting in 1538,{{sfn|Korotin|2006|p=126}} but it was not completed until 1565, long after her death.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2022 |title=Prague Castle – Queen Anne's Summer Palace (Letohrádek královny Anny) |url=https://www.prague.eu/en/object/places/880/prague-castle-queen-anne-s-summer-palace-letohradek-kralovny-anny |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=Prague.eu |language=en}}</ref>

== Issue ==
Queen Anne had 15 children from her marriage to ], 13 of whom lived to adulthood.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Cambridge Modern History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1934 |editor-last=Ward |editor-first=A.W. |volume=XII |location=Cambridge |at=table 32 |language=en |asin=B000MBH34I |editor-last2=Prothero |editor-first2=G.W. |editor-last3=Leathes |editor-first3=Stanley}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
! Name || Birth || Death || Notes ! Name || Birth || Death || Notes
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 9 July 1526 || 15 June 1545 | 9 July 1526 || 15 June 1545
| Queen (Consort) of Poland and ] as the first wife of her first cousin ] (1520–1572). Married in 1543, no issue. | Married the future King ] of Poland; no issue
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 31 July 1527 || 12 October 1576 | 31 July 1527 || 12 October 1576
| Holy Roman Emperor as Maximilian II and heir to the Habsburg Monarchy; married his first cousin ] (1528–1603) in 1548 and had issue. | Married his first cousin ]; had issue
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 7 July 1528 || 16–17 October 1590 | 7 July 1528 || 16–17 October 1590
| ] as the wife of her second cousin once removed, ]; married in 1546, had issue. | Married ]; had issue
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 14 June 1529 || 24 January 1595 | 14 June 1529 || 24 January 1595
| Archduke of ] and ] of ] from 1564. Married ] (1527–1580) in 1557 ] and had issue; married his niece ] (1566–1621) in 1582 and had issue. | Married ]; had issue; married his niece ]; had issue
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 15 May 1531 || 11 December 1581 | 15 May 1531 || 11 December 1581
| ] as the second wife of ] (1516–1592); married in 1546 and had issue. | Married ]; had issue
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 14 August 1532 || 10 September 1590 | 14 August 1532 || 10 September 1590
| A nun
|Co-founder and ] of the Ladies' Convent of ] (German: ''Haller Damenstift).''
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 15 September 1533 || 28 February 1572 | 15 September 1533 || 28 February 1572
| Married King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland; no issue
| Queen (Consort) of Poland and Grand Duchess (consort) of Lithuania as the third wife of her first cousin and widower of her eldest sister,] (1520–1572); married in 1553, no issue.
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 2 November 1534 || 5 August 1594 | 2 November 1534 || 5 August 1594
| ] as the wife of ] (1538–1586); married in 1561, had issue. | Married ]; had issue
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 16 February 1536 || 12 March 1567 | 16 February 1536 || 12 March 1567
| A nun
|Co-founder of and ] at the Ladies' Convent of Hall.
|- |-
| John | John
| 10 April 1538 || 20 March 1539 | 10 April 1538 || 20 March 1539
| ]. | Died in childhood
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 30 April 1539 || 19 September 1572 | 30 April 1539 || 19 September 1572
| Married ]; no issue
| ] as the second wife of ] (1533–1597); married in 1565, no issue.
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 3 June 1540 || 10 July 1590 | 3 June 1540 || 10 July 1590
| Archduke of ] as Charles II from 1564. Married his niece ] (1551–1608) in 1571 and had issue, including ] (1678–1637). | Married his niece ]; had issue (including Holy Roman Emperor ])
|- |-
| Ursula | Ursula
| 24 July 1541 || 30 April 1543 | 24 July 1541 || 30 April 1543
| Died in childhood. | Died in childhood
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 7 January 1543 || 5 March 1574 | 7 January 1543 || 5 March 1574
| A nun
| Co-founder of and nun at the Ladies' Convent of Hall.
|- |-
| ] | ]
| 24 January 1547 || 10 April 1578 | 24 January 1547 || 10 April 1578
| ] as the wife of ] (1541–1587). Married in 1565 and had issue, including ], ] of France (1575–1642). | Married ]; had issue
|} |}


Line 213: Line 149:
|14= 14. ]<ref name="Noubel1877"/> |14= 14. ]<ref name="Noubel1877"/>
|15= 15. ]<ref name="Noubel1877"/> |15= 15. ]<ref name="Noubel1877"/>
|16= 16. ]<ref name="Potašenko">{{Citation |last=Potašenko |first=Grigorijus |year=2008 |title=Multinational Lithuania: history of ethnic minorities |publisher=Šviesa |isbn=9785430052508 |page=30}}</ref>
|17= 17. ]<ref name="Potašenko"/>
|18= 18. Andrew Ivanovich of Halshany<ref name="Duczmal">{{cite book |last=Duczmal |first=Małgorzata |title=Jogailaičiai |url=http://www.melc.lt/documents/Sonka_(Sofija)_Alseniske.pdf |location=Vilnius |year=2012 |publisher=] |isbn=978-5-420-01703-6 |language=Lithuanian |translator1-first=Birutė |translator1-last=Mikalonienė |translator2-first=Vyturys |translator2-last=Jarutis |page=30 |access-date=14 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013958/http://www.melc.lt/documents/Sonka_(Sofija)_Alseniske.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status = dead}}</ref>
|19= 19. Alexandra Dmitrievna of Drutsk<ref name="Duczmal"/>
|20= 20. ]<ref name="NDB-Albrecht II">{{NDB|1|154||Albrecht II.|Quirin, Heinz|118501615}}</ref>
|21= 21. ]<ref name="NDB-Albrecht II"/>
|22= 22. ]<ref name="NDB-Elisabeth">{{NDB|4|441||Elisabeth|Wagner, Hans|136846505}}</ref>
|23= 23. ]<ref name="NDB-Elisabeth"/>
|24= 24.]<ref name="Noubel1877"/>
|25= 25. Marguerite of Albret<ref name="Noubel1877"/>
|26= 26. Sir Thomas Kerdeston<ref name="ThompsonHansen">{{cite book |first1=Neil D. |last1=Thompson |first2=Charles M. |last2=Hansen |title=The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England |year=2012 |pages=58–63}}</ref>
|27= 27. Elizabeth de la Pole<ref name="ThompsonHansen"/>
|28= 28. ]<ref name="Courteault">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_tAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA23 |title=Gaston IV, comte de Foix, vicomte souverain de Béarn, prince de Navarre, 1423–1472 |last=Courteault |first=Henri |publisher=É. Privat |year=1895 |pages=23 |language=fr}}</ref>
|29= 29. Jeanne d'Albret<ref name="Courteault"/>
|30= 30. ]<ref name="Cambridge">{{cite book |title=The Cambridge Modern History |editor1-first=A. W. |editor1-last=Ward |editor2-first=G. W. |editor2-last=Prothero |editor3-first=Stanley |editor3-last=Leathes |publisher=Macmillan Company |year=1911 |page=80}}</ref>
|31= 31. ]<ref name="Cambridge"/>
}} }}


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite Q|Q115749214|editor1=Henry Gardiner Adams}}<!-- ] -->
*{{cite book |title=The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History |volume=II |first=C.W. |last=Previte-Orton |publisher=Cambridge at the University Press |year=1962 }}


==External links== ==External links==
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{{s-bef|rows=1|before=]}} {{s-bef|rows=1|before=]}}
{{s-ttl|title=]<br>] and ]|years=1526–1547}} {{s-ttl|title=]<br>] and ]|years=1526–1547}}
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{{s-end}} {{s-end}}

{{Royal consorts of Germany}}
{{Royal consorts of Bohemia}}
{{Hungarian consorts}} {{Hungarian consorts}}
{{Consorts of Austria}}
{{Austrian archduchesses by marriage}} {{Austrian archduchesses by marriage}}

{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}


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Revision as of 16:04, 23 December 2024

16th century Queen of Germany For other people called Anna of Bohemia, see Anna of Bohemia (disambiguation). For other people called Anna of Hungary, see Anna of Hungary (disambiguation). For other people called Anna Jagiellon, see Anna Jagiellon (disambiguation).

Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
Portrait by Hans Maler, c. 1519
Queen of the Romans
Tenure5 January 1531 – 27 January 1547
Queen consort of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia
Tenure1526 – 27 January 1547
Archduchess consort of Austria
Tenure25 May 1521 – 27 January 1547
Born(1503-07-23)23 July 1503
Buda, Kingdom of Hungary
Died27 January 1547(1547-01-27) (aged 43)
Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia, Holy Roman Empire
BurialSt. Vitus Cathedral
Spouse Ferdinand I of Germany
(later Holy Roman Emperor) ​ ​(m. 1521)​
Issue
HouseJagiellon
FatherVladislaus II of Hungary
MotherAnne of Foix-Candale

Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (23 July 1503 – 27 January 1547), sometimes known as Anna Jagellonica, was Queen of Germany, Bohemia, and Hungary and Archduchess of Austria as the wife of King Ferdinand I (later Holy Roman Emperor).

Early life

She was the oldest child and only daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (1456–1516) and his third wife Anne of Foix-Candale. King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia was her younger brother. Her paternal grandparents were King Casimir IV of Poland (of the Jagiellon dynasty) and Elisabeth of Austria, one of the heiresses of the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Duchy of Luxembourg and the Duchy of Kuyavia. Her maternal grandparents were Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale, and Catherine de Foix, an Infanta of the Kingdom of Navarre.

Anne was born in Buda (now Budapest). The death of Vladislaus II on 13 March 1516 left both siblings in the care of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilan I. It was arranged for Anna to marry his grandson, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, second son of Queen Regnant Joanna of Castile and her late husband and co-ruler, Philip I of Castile. Anna and Mary moved first to Vienna, and then to Innsbruck. Maximilian rarely visited, but he sent his hunter home to instruct the two girls in the art of hunting. There was emphasis on their abilities to handle weapons and other physical skills. The Humanist education they enjoyed focused on problem-solving skills. They were also instructed in dancing, music, and came in contact with many humanists visited the imperial library there. Innsbruck was also home to a great weapon arsenal and a growing armament industry built by the emperor. Anna married Ferdinand on 26 May 1521 in Linz, Austria. At the time, Ferdinand was governing the Habsburg hereditary lands on behalf of his older brother Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. It was stipulated that Ferdinand should succeed Anne's brother Louis in case he died without legitimate male heirs.

Queen of Bohemia and Hungary

Queen Anne's Summer Palace in Prague
Habsburg lands in 1544. Anne's husband Ferdinand ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburgs in the name of his elder brother, Charles I of Spain.

Louis died without a legitimate male heir after he was thrown from his horse at the conclusion of the Battle of Mohács against Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire on 29 August 1526. This left the thrones of both Bohemia and Hungary vacant. Ferdinand claimed both kingdoms and was elected king of Bohemia on 24 October of the same year with Anne as his queen.

Hungary was a more difficult case, as Suleiman had annexed much of its lands. Ferdinand was proclaimed king of Hungary by a group of nobles, but another faction of Hungarian nobles refused to allow a foreign ruler to hold that title and elected John Zápolya as an alternative king. The resulting conflict between the two rivals and their successors lasted until 1570 when John's son John Sigismund gave up the title king of Hungary in favor of Ferdinand's son Maximilian as part of the terms of the Treaty of Speyer. In 1531, Ferdinand's older brother Charles V decided Ferdinand would be his successor as Holy Roman Emperor, and Ferdinand was elected to the title King of the Romans.

Anne was entrusted by her husband with many responsibilities. During his stay in Brussels, she was appointed as Regent (Statthalterin). Together with the Bishop of Trieste, she was the Chair of his Hofrat (Court Council). In her husband's name, she presided over many Diets. She became famous for her charity and wisdom.

Ferdinand at first seemed to suffer from a lack of premarital experience, but in the end the marriage proved extremely successful both personally and politically. Anna and Ferdinand had fifteen children, all of whom were born in Bohemia or Austria. The kingdoms of both Bohemia and Hungary had suffered for centuries from premature deaths among heirs and a shortage of succession prospects, a predicament resolved by Anne's impressive fertility. Meanwhile, Anna served as Queen Consort of Bohemia and as one of three living Queens of Hungary until her death. She died in Prague, days after giving birth to her last daughter Joanna. In 1556, Charles V abdicated and Ferdinand succeeded as emperor, nine years after Anna's death. After Anna died, Ferdinand was advised to remarry several times by people around him, but he could not forget his wife and never remarried.

During Anna's life, her husband expanded the Castle of Linz to offer her more security in times of war. The Belvedere ("Queen Anne's Summer Palace"), one of the most beautiful buildings in Prague, was built for her on the grounds of Prague Castle starting in 1538. It was not completed in its present form until 1565, long after her death.

Children

Name Birth Death Notes
Elisabeth 9 July 1526 15 June 1545 Married the future King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland; no issue
Maximilian 31 July 1527 12 October 1576 Married his first cousin Maria of Spain; had issue
Anna 7 July 1528 16–17 October 1590 Married Albert V, Duke of Bavaria; had issue
Ferdinand 14 June 1529 24 January 1595 Married Philippine Welser; had issue; married his niece Anne Juliana Gonzaga; had issue
Maria 15 May 1531 11 December 1581 Married Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg; had issue
Magdalena 14 August 1532 10 September 1590 A nun
Catherine 15 September 1533 28 February 1572 Married King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland; no issue
Eleanor 2 November 1534 5 August 1594 Married William I, Duke of Mantua; had issue
Margaret 16 February 1536 12 March 1567 A nun
John 10 April 1538 20 March 1539 Died in childhood
Barbara 30 April 1539 19 September 1572 Married Alfonso II d'Este; no issue
Charles 3 June 1540 10 July 1590 Married his niece Maria Anna of Bavaria; had issue (including Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II)
Ursula 24 July 1541 30 April 1543 Died in childhood
Helena 7 January 1543 5 March 1574 A nun
Joanna 24 January 1547 10 April 1578 Married Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany; had issue

Ancestry

Ancestors of Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
8. Vladislaus II Jagiellon
4. Casimir IV Jagiellon
9. Sophia of Halshany
2. Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary
10. Albert II, King of the Romans
5. Elisabeth of Austria
11. Elizabeth of Luxembourg
1. Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
12. John de Foix, 1st Earl of Kendal
6. Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale
13. Margaret Kerdeston
3. Anne of Foix-Candale
14. Gaston IV, Count of Foix
7. Catherine of Foix
15. Eleanor of Navarre

References

  1. ^ Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "Anna of Hungary". A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography: 45. Wikidata Q115749214.
  2. ^ Previte-Orton 1962, p. 922.
  3. Royen, Laetitia V. G. Gorter-Van (1995). Maria van Hongarije, regentes der Nederlanden: een politieke analyse op basis van haar regentschaps-ordonnanties en haar correspondentie met Karel V (in Dutch). Uitgeverij Verloren. pp. 41, 59–66, 373. ISBN 978-90-6550-394-7. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  4. Korotin, Ilse (19 May 2016). biografiA: Lexikon österreichischer Frauen (in German). Böhlau Verlag Wien. p. 126. ISBN 978-3-205-79590-2. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  5. Kohler, Alfred (2003). Ferdinand I., 1503-1564: Fürst, König und Kaiser (in German). C.H.Beck. pp. 96, 97. ISBN 978-3-406-50278-1. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  6. Korotin 2016, p. 126.
  7. ^ Priebatsch, Felix (1908), "Wladislaw II.", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 54, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 688–696
  8. ^ Noubel, P., ed. (1877). Revue de l'Agenais [Review of the Agenais]. Vol. 4. Société académique d'Agen. pp. 496–497.
  9. ^ Casimir IV, King of Poland at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  10. ^ Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Elisabeth von Oesterreich (Königin von Polen)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 167 – via Wikisource.

Sources

  • Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "Anna of Hungary". A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography: 45. Wikidata Q115749214.
  • Previte-Orton, C.W. (1962). The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. II. Cambridge at the University Press.

External links

Media related to Anna of Bohemia and Hungary at Wikimedia Commons

Anne of Bohemia and Hungary House of JagiellonCadet branch of the House of GediminidBorn: 23 July 1503 Died: 27 January 1547
Royal titles
Preceded byMary of Austria Queen consort of Bohemia
Queen consort of Hungary and Croatia
1526–1547 		VacantTitle next held byMaria of Austria
Preceded byIsabella of Portugal Queen of the Romans
1531–1547
with Isabella of Portugal (1531–1539)
Archduchess consort of Austria
1521–1547
Queens and empresses of Germany
East Francia during the
Carolingian dynasty (843–911)
East Francia (911–919)
Kingdom of Germany (919–962)
Kingdom of Germany within the
Holy Roman Empire (962–1806)
German Empire (1871–1918)
Royal consorts of Bohemia
Přemyslid
c. 870–1198 (Duchesses)
1198–1306 (Queens)
Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia
Non-dynastic
1306–1310
Luxembourg
1310–1437
Habsburg
1437–1457
Non-dynastic
1457–1471
Jagiellonian
1471–1526
Habsburg
1526–1780
Habsburg-Lorraine
1780–1918
  • also titled Queen of Bohemia
Queens of Hungary
Royal consorts of Austria
House of Babenberg
Interregnum
House of Habsburg
Austria
House of Habsburg
Styria, Carinthia, Carniola
House of Habsburg
Tyrol
Austrian archduchesses by marriage
Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
5th generation
6th generation
7th generation
8th generation
9th generation
10th generation
  • None
11th generation
12th generation
13th generation
14th generation
15th generation
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18th generation
*also an infanta of Spain by marriage; **also a princess of Tuscany by marriage; ^also an archduchess of Austria in her own right
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