Potassium thiocyanate: Difference between revisions

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	\| ImageSize1 = 150px		\| ImageSize1 = 150px
	\| ImageFile2 = Potassium-thiocyanate-xtal-3D-vdW-B.png		\| ImageFile2 = Potassium-thiocyanate-xtal-3D-vdW-B.png
	\| ImageSize2 =		\| ImageSize2 =
		⚫	\| ImageFile3 = Crystals of Potassium Thiocyanate.jpg
			\| ImageSize3 = 150px
	\| Name = Potassium thiocyanate		\| Name = Potassium thiocyanate
	\| OtherNames = Potassium sulfocyanate<br />Potassium isothiocyanate<br />Potassium thiocyanide Potassium rhodanide		\| OtherNames = Potassium sulfocyanate<br />Potassium isothiocyanate (tautomeric form)<br />Potassium thiocyanide<br /> Potassium rhodanide
	\|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers		\|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
			\| CASNo = 333-20-0
		⚫	\| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite\|correct\|CAS}}
			\| Beilstein = 3594799
	\| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite\|correct\|chemspider}}		\| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite\|correct\|chemspider}}
	\| ChemSpiderID = 9150		\| ChemSpiderID = 9150
		⚫	\| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite\|correct\|EBI}}
		⚫	\| ChEBI = 30951
			\| EINECS = 206-370-1
			\| Gmelin = 21362
		⚫	\| PubChem = 516872
		⚫	\| RTECS = XL1925000
	\| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite\|correct\|FDA}}		\| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite\|correct\|FDA}}
	\| UNII = TM7213864A		\| UNII = TM7213864A
	\| InChI = 1/CHNS.K/c2-1-3;/h3H;/q;+1/p-1		\| InChI = 1/CHNS.K/c2-1-3;/h3H;/q;+1/p-1
	\| InChIKey = ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-REWHXWOFAT		\| InChIKey = ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-REWHXWOFAT
⚫	\| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite\|correct\|EBI}}
⚫	\| ChEBI = 30951
	\| SMILES = C(#N).
	\| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}		\| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}
	\| StdInChI = 1S/CHNS.K/c2-1-3;/h3H;/q;+1/p-1		\| StdInChI = 1S/CHNS.K/c2-1-3;/h3H;/q;+1/p-1
	\| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}		\| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}
	\| StdInChIKey = ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M		\| StdInChIKey = ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
	\| ~~CASNo~~ = ~~333~~-~~20-0~~		\| SMILES = C(#N).
⚫	\| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite\|correct\|CAS}}
⚫	\| PubChem = 516872
⚫	\| RTECS = XL1925000
	}}		}}
	\|Section2={{Chembox Properties		\|Section2={{Chembox Properties
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	\| Odor = Odorless		\| Odor = Odorless
	\| Density = 1.886 g/cm<sup>3</sup>		\| Density = 1.886 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
	\| Solubility = 177 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 217 g/100 mL (20 °C)		\| Solubility = 177 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br/> 217 g/100 mL (20 °C)
			\| SolubleOther = ]: 21.0 g/100 mL <br/> ]: soluble{{Citation needed\|reason=needs reference to literature determination of KSCN solubility in ethanol\|date=December 2024}}
	\| Solvent = ]
	\| SolubleOther = 21.0 g/100 mL
	\| MeltingPtC = 173.2		\| MeltingPtC = 173.2
	\| BoilingPtC = 500		\| BoilingPtC = 500
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	\|Section7={{Chembox Hazards		\|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
	\| ExternalSDS =		\| ExternalSDS =
	\| EUClass = Toxic ('''T''')
	\| NFPA-H = 2		\| NFPA-H = 2
	\| NFPA-F = 0		\| NFPA-F = 0
	\| NFPA-R = 0		\| NFPA-R = 0
	\| NFPA-S =		\| NFPA-S =
	\| ~~RPhrases~~ = {{~~R20/21/22~~}} ~~{{R32}}~~ {{~~R52/53~~}}		\| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS07}}
			\| GHSSignalWord = Warning
	\| SPhrases = {{S2}} {{S13}} {{S61}}
			\| HPhrases = {{H-phrases\|302\|312\|318\|319\|332\|412}}
	\| FlashPt =
			\| PPhrases = {{P-phrases\|261\|264\|270\|271\|273\|280\|301+312\|302+352\|304+312\|304+340\|305+351+338\|310\|312\|322\|330\|337+313\|363\|501}}
	\| LD50 = 854 mg/kg (oral, rat)<ref>http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/333-20-0</ref>
	\| ~~PEL~~ =		\| FlashPt =
			\| LD50 = 854 mg/kg (oral, rat)<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/333-20-0\|title=Potassium thiocyanate \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420010542/https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/333-20-0\|website=chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov\| archive-date=20 April 2018\| url-status=dead\| access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref>
			\| PEL =
	}}		}}
	\|Section8={{Chembox Related		\|Section8={{Chembox Related
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	'''Potassium thiocyanate''' is the ] with the molecular formula KSCN. It is an important salt of the ] ], one of the ]s. The compound has a low melting point relative to most other inorganic salts.		'''Potassium thiocyanate''' is the ] with the molecular formula KSCN. It is an important salt of the ] ], one of the ]s. The compound has a low melting point relative to most other inorganic salts.

			==Uses==
	==~~Use in chemical~~ synthesis==		===Chemical synthesis===
	Aqueous KSCN reacts almost quantitatively with ] to give Pb(SCN)<sub>2</sub>, which has been used to convert ]s to ~~thiocyanates~~.<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = Smith, P. A. S.; Kan, R. O. \| title = 2a-Thiohomophthalimide \| year = 1973 \| collvol = 5 \| collvolpages = 1051 \| prep = cv5p1051}}</ref>		Aqueous KSCN reacts almost quantitatively with ] to give Pb(SCN)<sub>2</sub>, which has been used to convert ]s to isothiocyanates.<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = Smith, P. A. S. \| author2 = Kan, R. O. \| title = 2a-Thiohomophthalimide \| year = 1973 \| collvol = 5 \| collvolpages = 1051 \| prep = cv5p1051}}</ref>

	KSCN converts ] to ].<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = Searles, S.; Lutz, E. F.; Hays, H. R.; Mortensen, H. E. \| title = Ethylenesulfide \| year = 1973 \| collvol = 5 \| collvolpages = 562 \| prep = cv5p0562}}</ref> For this purpose, the KSCN is first melted under vacuum to remove water. In a related reaction, KSCN converts ] to the corresponding ].<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = van Tamelen, E. E. \| title = Cyclohexenesulfide \| year = 1963 \| collvol = 4 \| collvolpages = 232 \| prep = cv4p0232}}</ref>		KSCN converts ] to ].<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = Searles, S. \| author2 = Lutz, E. F. \| author3 = Hays, H. R. \| author4 = Mortensen, H. E. \| title = Ethylenesulfide \| year = 1973 \| collvol = 5 \| collvolpages = 562 \| prep = cv5p0562}}</ref> For this purpose, the KSCN is first melted under vacuum to remove water. In a related reaction, KSCN converts ] to the corresponding ] and ].
			<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = van Tamelen, E. E. \| title = Cyclohexenesulfide \| year = 1963 \| collvol = 4 \| collvolpages = 232 \| prep = cv4p0232}}</ref>

			:<chem>C6H10O + KSCN -> C6H10S + KOCN</chem>
	:C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O + KSCN → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>S + ]

	KSCN is also the starting product for the synthesis of ].		KSCN is also the starting product for the synthesis of ].

	==~~Other~~ ~~uses~~==		===Special effects===
	Dilute aqueous KSCN is occasionally used for moderately realistic blood effects in film and ~~theater~~. It can be painted onto a surface or kept as a colorless solution. When in contact with ] solution (or other solutions containing ]), the product of the reaction is a solution with a blood red colour, due to the formation of the ] ]. Thus this chemical is often used to create the effect of 'stigmata'. Because both solutions are colorless, they can be placed separately on each hand. When the hands are brought into contact, the solutions react and the effect looks remarkably like ].{{citation needed\|date=February 2009}}		Dilute aqueous KSCN is occasionally used for moderately realistic blood effects in film and theatre. It can be painted onto a surface or kept as a colorless solution. When in contact with ] solution (or other solutions containing ]), the product of the reaction is a solution with a blood red colour, due to the formation of the ] ]. Thus this chemical is often used to create the effect of 'stigmata'. Because both solutions are colorless, they can be placed separately on each hand. When the hands are brought into contact, the solutions react and the effect looks remarkably like ].{{citation needed\| date=February 2009}}

			===Laboratory===
	~~Similarly, this~~ reaction is used as a ] for Fe<sup>3+</sup> in the ].		The reaction with Fe<sup>3+</sup> mentioned above is used as a ] for Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions in the ].

			===Law enforcement===
			Approximate ] purity can be determined using 1 mL 2% cupric sulphate pentahydrate in dilute HCl, 1 mL 2% potassium thiocyanate and 2 mL of ]. The shade of brown shown by the chloroform is proportional to the cocaine content. This test is not cross sensitive to heroin, methamphetamine, benzocaine, procaine and a number of other drugs but other chemicals could cause false positives.<ref>{{Cite journal \| vauthors = Travnikoff B \|title=Semiquantitative screening test for cocaine \|date=1 April 1983 \|journal=Analytical Chemistry \|issue=4 \|volume=55 \|pages=795–796 \|doi=10.1021/ac00255a048 \|issn=0003-2700}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
	{{~~reflist~~}}		{{Reflist}}

	{{Potassium compounds}}		{{Potassium compounds}}
			{{Thiocyanates}}
	{{sulfur compounds}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2024}}
⚫	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:~~Potassium Thiocyanate}}

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Potassium Thiocyanate}}
	]		]
	]		]

Latest revision as of 16:18, 8 January 2025

Potassium thiocyanate
Names



Other names Potassium sulfocyanate Potassium isothiocyanate (tautomeric form) Potassium thiocyanide Potassium rhodanide
Identifiers
CAS Number	333-20-0
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	3594799
ChEBI	CHEBI:30951
ChemSpider	9150
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.792
EC Number	206-370-1
Gmelin Reference	21362
PubChem CID	516872
RTECS number	XL1925000
UNII	TM7213864A
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7029619
InChI InChI=1S/CHNS.K/c2-1-3;/h3H;/q;+1/p-1Key: ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M InChI=1/CHNS.K/c2-1-3;/h3H;/q;+1/p-1Key: ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-REWHXWOFAT
SMILES C(#N).
Properties
Chemical formula	KSCN
Molar mass	97.181 g mol
Appearance	Colorless deliquescent crystals
Odor	Odorless
Density	1.886 g/cm
Melting point	173.2 °C (343.8 °F; 446.3 K)
Boiling point	500 °C (932 °F; 773 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	177 g/100 mL (0 °C) 217 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility	acetone: 21.0 g/100 mL ethanol: soluble
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−48.0·10 cm/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H312, H318, H319, H332, H412
Precautionary statements	P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P322, P330, P337+P313, P363, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD₅₀ (median dose)	854 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 1088
Related compounds
Other anions	Potassium cyanate Potassium cyanide
Other cations	Sodium thiocyanate Ammonium thiocyanate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). N verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Potassium thiocyanate is the chemical compound with the molecular formula KSCN. It is an important salt of the thiocyanate anion, one of the pseudohalides. The compound has a low melting point relative to most other inorganic salts.

Uses

Chemical synthesis

Aqueous KSCN reacts almost quantitatively with Pb(NO₃)₂ to give Pb(SCN)₂, which has been used to convert acyl chlorides to isothiocyanates.

KSCN converts ethylene carbonate to ethylene sulfide. For this purpose, the KSCN is first melted under vacuum to remove water. In a related reaction, KSCN converts cyclohexene oxide to the corresponding episulfide and KOCN.

{\ce {C6H10O + KSCN -> C6H10S + KOCN}}

KSCN is also the starting product for the synthesis of carbonyl sulfide.

Special effects

Dilute aqueous KSCN is occasionally used for moderately realistic blood effects in film and theatre. It can be painted onto a surface or kept as a colorless solution. When in contact with ferric chloride solution (or other solutions containing Fe), the product of the reaction is a solution with a blood red colour, due to the formation of the thiocyanatoiron complex ion. Thus this chemical is often used to create the effect of 'stigmata'. Because both solutions are colorless, they can be placed separately on each hand. When the hands are brought into contact, the solutions react and the effect looks remarkably like stigmata.

Laboratory

The reaction with Fe mentioned above is used as a test for Fe ions in the laboratory.

Law enforcement

Approximate cocaine purity can be determined using 1 mL 2% cupric sulphate pentahydrate in dilute HCl, 1 mL 2% potassium thiocyanate and 2 mL of chloroform. The shade of brown shown by the chloroform is proportional to the cocaine content. This test is not cross sensitive to heroin, methamphetamine, benzocaine, procaine and a number of other drugs but other chemicals could cause false positives.

References

"Potassium thiocyanate [NF]". chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
Smith, P. A. S.; Kan, R. O. (1973). "2a-Thiohomophthalimide". Organic Syntheses; Collected Volumes, vol. 5, p. 1051.
Searles, S.; Lutz, E. F.; Hays, H. R.; Mortensen, H. E. (1973). "Ethylenesulfide". Organic Syntheses; Collected Volumes, vol. 5, p. 562.
van Tamelen, E. E. (1963). "Cyclohexenesulfide". Organic Syntheses; Collected Volumes, vol. 4, p. 232.
Travnikoff B (1 April 1983). "Semiquantitative screening test for cocaine". Analytical Chemistry. 55 (4): 795–796. doi:10.1021/ac00255a048. ISSN 0003-2700.

v t e Potassium compounds
H, (pseudo)halogens	KF KHF₂ KH KCl KClO KClO₃ KClO₄ KBr KBrO₃ KI KIO₃ KIO₄ KAt KCN KCNO KOCN KSCN
chalcogens	K₂O KOH K₂O₂ KO₂ KO₃ K₂S KHS K₂SO₃ KHSO₃ K₂SO₄ KHSO₄ KHSO₅ K₂S₂O₃ K₂S₂O₅ K₂S₂O₇ K₂S₂O₈ K₂Se K₂SeO₃ K₂SeO₄ K₂Te K₂TeO₃ K₂TeO₄ K₂Po
pnictogens	K₃N KNH₂ KN₃ KNO₂ KNO₃ K₃P KH₂PO₃ K₃PO₄ K₂HPO₄ KH₂PO₄ KPF₆ KAsO₂ K₃AsO₄ K₂HAsO₄ KH₂AsO₄
B, C group	B₄K₂O₇ K₂CO₃ KHCO₃ K₂SiO₃ K₂SiF₆ K₂Al₂O₄ K₂Al₂B₂O₇
transition metals	K₂PtCl₄ K₂Pt(CN)₄ K₂TiF₆ K₂PtCl₆ K₂ReCl₆ K ₂ReF ₆ KAsF₆ K₂ReBr₆ K ₂ReI ₆ K₂ZrF₆ K₄Fe(CN)₆ K₃Fe(CN)₆ K₃Fe(C₂O₄)₃ K₂FeO₄ K₂MnO₄ KMnO₄ K₃CrO₄ K₂CrO₄ K₃CrO₈ KCrO₃Cl K₂Cr₂O₇ K₂Cr₃O₁₀ K₂Cr₄O₁₃ K₄Mo₂Cl₈
organic	KHCO₂ KCH₃CO₂ KCF₃CO₂ K₂C₂O₄ KHC₂O₄ KC₁₂H₂₃O₂ KC₁₈H₃₅O₂ C₃H₂K₂O₄ C₄H₆KO₄ C₅H₇KO₄