| Revision as of 19:46, 7 January 2013 edit64.32.184.218 (talk) →Ethnomedical use: links← Previous edit | Revision as of 21:35, 7 January 2013 edit undoDeli nk (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users78,799 edits →Ethnomedical use: removed uncited medical use claimNext edit → | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
| In Chinese herbology, ''E. senticosis'' is used by people with ] caused by ] or radiation, ], ], and ] with headache, ], and poor appetite.<ref>Halstead B, Hood L (1984). ''Eleutherococcus senticosis–Siberian Ginseng'', OHAI. p.7.</ref><ref>Chen JK, Chen TT. ''Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology'', Art of Medicine Press, City of Industry, CA 2004</ref><ref>[David Winston. ''Native American, Chinese, and Ayurvedic Materia Medica'', HTSBM, pp. 1-1</ref> | In Chinese herbology, ''E. senticosis'' is used by people with ] caused by ] or radiation, ], ], and ] with headache, ], and poor appetite.<ref>Halstead B, Hood L (1984). ''Eleutherococcus senticosis–Siberian Ginseng'', OHAI. p.7.</ref><ref>Chen JK, Chen TT. ''Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology'', Art of Medicine Press, City of Industry, CA 2004</ref><ref>[David Winston. ''Native American, Chinese, and Ayurvedic Materia Medica'', HTSBM, pp. 1-1</ref> | ||
| Eleutherococcus senticosus is also gaining popularity in the ] community for easing cessation pains from certain substances (physical and/or psychological dependence on psychoactive substances i.e. ]).{{Citation Needed|date=January 2013}} | |||
| ==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
Revision as of 21:35, 7 January 2013
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Eleutherococcus senticosus" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Eleutherococcus senticosus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Araliaceae |
| Genus: | Eleutherococcus |
| Species: | E. senticosus |
| Binomial name | |
| Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. | |
| Synonyms | |
Eleutherococcus senticosus (synonym Acanthopanax senticosus) is a species of small, woody shrub in the family Araliaceae native to Northeastern Asia. It is often colloquially referred to as Siberian Ginseng, eleuthero or Ciwujia. E. senticosus has a history of use in traditional Chinese medicine where it is known as cì wǔ jiā (刺五加).
Synonyms
E. senticosus has been marketed in the United States as Siberian Ginseng because it is believed to have similar herbal properties to those of Panax ginseng. However, it belongs to a different genus in the family Araliaceae, and it is currently illegal in the United States to market eleuthero as Siberian Ginseng, since the term "ginseng" is reserved for the Panax species.
Growth
The herb grows in mixed and coniferous mountain forests, forming low undergrowth or is found in groups in thickets and edges. E. senticosus is sometimes found in oak groves at the foot of cliffs, very rarely in high forest riparian woodland. Its native habitat is East Asia, China, Japan, and Russia. E. senticosus is broadly tolerant of soils, growing in sandy, loamy, and heavy clay soils with acid, neutral, or alkaline chemistry and including soils of low nutritional value. It can tolerate sun or dappled shade and some degree of pollution. E. senticosus is a deciduous shrub growing to 2m at a slow rate. It is hardy to zone 3. It flowers in July in most habitats. The flowers are hermaphroditic and are pollinated by insects.
Ethnomedical use
E. senticosus is a thought to be an adaptogen and there is a wide range of health benefits attributed to its use in herbal medicine.
In Chinese herbology, E. senticosis is used by people with bone marrow suppression caused by chemotherapy or radiation, angina, hypercholesterolemia, and neurasthenia with headache, insomnia, and poor appetite.
Pharmacology
Extracts of E. senticosus have been shown to have a variety of biological effects in vitro or in animal models, but these effects have not been demonstrated in humans:
- increased endurance/anti-fatigue
- memory/learning improvement
- anti-inflammatory
- immunogenic
- antidepressant-like effects in rats
Chemical constituents
The major constituents of E. senticosus are ciwujianoside A-E, eleutheroside B (syringin), eleutherosides A-M, friedelin, and isofraxidin.
Interactions and side effects
 | This section needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. Please review the contents of the section and add the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Eleutherococcus senticosus" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2012) |  |
- People with medicated high blood pressure should consult their doctor before taking E. senticosus because it may reduce their need for medication.
- E. senticosus will enhance the effectiveness of mycin class antibiotics.
- E. senticosus, when purchased from non-GMP sources, has occasionally been adulterated with Periploca graeca, which can potentiate digoxin or similar drugs; however, this is not an interaction of E. senticosus.
References
- ^ "Eleutherococcus senticosus information from NPGS/GRIN". www.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 2008-03-04.
- ^ Winston, David & Maimes, Steven (2007). Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief. Healing Arts Press.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "Eleutherococcus senticosus". www.ibiblio.org. Retrieved 2008-03-04.
- Huang L, Zhao H, Huang B, Zheng C, Peng W, Qin L.,"Acanthopanax senticosus: review of botany, chemistry and pharmacology." Pharmazie. 2011 Feb;66(2):83-97
- Halstead B, Hood L (1984). Eleutherococcus senticosis–Siberian Ginseng, OHAI. p.7.
- Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology, Art of Medicine Press, City of Industry, CA 2004
- [David Winston. Native American, Chinese, and Ayurvedic Materia Medica, HTSBM, pp. 1-1
- Huang L.-Z., Huang B.-K., Ye Q., Qin L.-P. "Bioactivity-guided fractionation for anti-fatigue property of Acanthopanax senticosus" Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2011 133:1 (213-219)
- Xu Y.J., Han C.J., Xu S.J., Yu X., Jiang G.Z., Nan C.H. "Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus on learning and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and protection against free radical injury to brain tissue" Neural Regeneration Research 2008 3:2 (192-195)
- Jung S.M., Schumacher H.R., Kim H., Kim M., Lee S.H., Pessler F. "Reduction of urate crystal-induced inflammation by root extracts from traditional oriental medicinal plants: Elevation of prostaglandin D2levels" Arthritis Research and Therapy 2007 9:4 Article Number R64
- Chen R., Liu Z., Zhao J., Chen R., Meng F., Zhang M., Ge W. "Antioxidant and immunobiological activity of water-soluble polysaccharide fractions purified from Acanthopanax senticosu" Food Chemistry 2011 127:2 (434-440)
-
Kurkin VA, Dubishchev AV, Ezhkov VN, Titova IN, Avdeeva EV (2006). "Antidepressant activity of some phytopharmaceuticals and phenylpropanoids". Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal. 40 (11): 614–9. doi:10.1007/s11094-006-0205-5.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Deyama T, Nishibe S, Nakazawa Y (2001). "Constituents and pharmacological effects of Eucommia and Siberian ginseng". Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 22 (12): 1057–70. PMID 11749801.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
External links
- Eleutherococcus senticosus Photos (PlantSystematics.org)
- Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 2: Radix Eleutherococci (World Health Organization)
- Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Chavin KD, Taylor RM, Markowitz JS (2003). "Siberian ginseng (Eleutheroccus senticosus) effects on CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activity in normal volunteers". Drug Metab. Dispos. 31 (5): 519–22. doi:10.1124/dmd.31.5.519. PMID 12695337.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - University of Maryland Alternative Medicine Reference
- Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M (2004). "Effects of various Eleutherococcus senticosus cortex on swimming time, natural killer activity and corticosterone level in forced swimming stressed mice". J Ethnopharmacol. 95 (2–3): 447–53. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.027. PMID 15507373.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Jung SM, Schumacher HR, Kim H, Kim M, Lee SH, Pessler F (2007). "Reduction of urate crystal-induced inflammation by root extracts from traditional oriental medicinal plants: elevation of prostaglandin D2 levels". Arthritis Res. Ther. 9 (4): R64. doi:10.1186/ar2222. PMC 2206389. PMID 17612394.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Brunner, R., Tabachnik, B. (1990). Soviet Training and Recovery Methods, pp. 217–21. Sport Focus Publishing.
- Bohn B, Nebe CT, Birr C (1987). "Flow Cytometric Studies with Eleutherococcus senticosus extract as an Immunomodulating Agent". Drug Res. 37 (10): 1193–6.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
| Psychostimulants, agents used for ADHD, and nootropics (N06B) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N06BA Centrally acting sympathomimetics | |||||||||
| N06BC Xanthine derivatives | |||||||||
| N06BX Other psychostimulants and nootropics | |||||||||
| |||||||||