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{{Short description|Continuum of Arabic dialects native to the Maghreb}}
<!--- Don't mess with this line! --->{{New unreviewed article|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox language
<!--- Write your article below this line --->
| name = Hilalian dialects
The term '''dialects hilalians''' means the bedouin dialects spoken in ]. It thus refers to the different contexts, two kinds of dialects categories:
| familycolor = Afro-Asiatic
* dialects ] ;
| fam2 = ]
* dialects ] ;
| fam3 = ]
| fam4 = ]
| fam5 = ]
| fam6 = ]
| nativename = اللهجات الهلالية
| script = ]
| ethnicity = ]
| region = ]
| dia1 = ]
| dia2 = ]
| dia3 = ]
| dia4 = Chaoui Moroccan Arabic
| dia5 = Dukala Moroccan Arabic
| dia6 = ]
}}
The '''Hilalian dialects''' ({{Langx|ar|اللهجات الهلالية}}) are a continuum of ] of the ], which were introduced during the ] between the 11th and 12th centuries, as well as the migration of Arab Hilalian tribes to the Western Maghreb. These dialects played a great role in the emergence of the ] and ].<ref>François Decret, Les invasions hilaliennes en Ifrîqiya</ref> The ] tribes settled in the region of ] in Morocco, parts of ], central ], and ].


== Etymology == == Etymology ==
We use the term ''dialects hilalians'' in reference to the ], a ] people who migrated to ] in the middle of the eleventh century under the leadership of the ]. The term ''Hilalian dialects'' refer to ], a confederation of Arab nomadic tribes who invaded North Africa in the eleventh century. The story is documented in an epic poem called ]. One famous man who fought against the Berber tribes of ] and ] and guaranteed the independence of the ] tribes was ]


With pre-existing sedentary ] (called ]), post-hilalians dialects is the category of the ]. Along with the pre-existing sedentary ], they constitute the larger ] family.
The Hilalian dialects hold a close resemblance to the ] dialect, since many gulf nations also come from the ] tribe.


== Varieties and distribution ==
== Pronunciation ==
Hilalian dialects are found across North Africa, from the western plains of ] and the ]n desert to western ], including ], the Algerian Hautes-Plaines and coast, and ].
Some differences between the two pronunciations, inter dental are lightened (hilalians / pre-hilalians) :
dh is pronnonce in instead of ;
we pronnonce in th instead of or ;
we pronnonce d in instead of ;
also pronnonce in .
Modal this qa is specific to the pre-hilalians dialects, example : yekhdam / ka yekhdam (this work) and taε / dyal (possessive).
Confusion between the feminine and the masculine in pre-hilalians dialects : fhemti ? (you understand ?). A Hilalians say ''fhemt'' to a man.


Nevertheless, there are several enclaves of ] in this area, including old urban dialect-speaking cities (such as ], ], ], ], ], ]) and four major sedentary rural dialects speaking areas as well as several Berber speaking areas.
== Variations and distributions ==
These post-hilalians mixed dialects and variants resulting from mixed populations are found in the western plains of ] (], ], ], ], ]) and ]n desert environment - hence the dialects of the Banu Hassan - ]n regions (]) through eastern ], the ] and the ]n coast (excluding ] and ]) and ].


⚫ Hilalian Arabic has five major varieties:<ref name="tme">Kees Versteegh, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715181940/http://acc.teachmideast.org/texts.php?module_id=1&reading_id=113&sequence=5 |date=2015-07-15 }}, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307080732/http://acc.teachmideast.org/index.php |date=2015-03-07 }}</ref><ref name="Barkat">Mélissa Barkat, « Les dialectes Maghrébins » , dans: ''Détermination d'indices acoustiques robustes pour l'identification automatique des parlers arabes'', Thèse, Université Lumière Lyon 2 (2000)</ref>
Nevertheless, several enclaves original ''pre-hilali'' exist in this space, including the ancient cities dialects as the imperial cities or first appeared, as is the case in ], ] and ], and spaces villagers dialects as the eastern part of the ].
⚫ * Sulaym dialects: in ] and southern ];
⚫ * Eastern Hilal dialects: in central ] and eastern ];
⚫ * Central Hilal dialects: in central and southern ];
* Western Hilal dialects: in ], ], and ]
⚫ * Maqil dialects: in western ] and ].


], spoken in ], southern ] and parts of northern ], is also classified as ].
⚫ These fall into four distinctes,<ref name="tme">Kees Versteegh, , </ref><ref name="Barkat">Mélissa Barkat, « Les dialectes Maghrébins » , dans: ''Détermination d'indices acoustiques robustes pour l'identification automatique des parlers arabes'', Thèse, Université Lumière Lyon 2 (2000)</ref> category:
⚫ * Dialects of Banu Sulaym in the ]n desert in southern ] ;
⚫ * Dialects of the Banu Hilal oriental, in central ] and eastern ] ;
⚫ * Dialects of the Banu Hilal central, central and southern ] ;
⚫ * Dialects of Banu Hilal and Banu Maqil, in the west of ] and ].


==See also==
The ] resulting from the invasion of the area by ] populations of ], is also joined in the category of dialects Maqil.
* ]

* ]
They strongly influenced some urban dialects such as ] and ].
* ]


==References== ==References==
<references/> <references/>


{{Varieties of Arabic}}
]
] ]

Latest revision as of 13:48, 25 December 2024

Continuum of Arabic dialects native to the Maghreb
Hilalian dialects
اللهجات الهلالية
RegionMaghreb
EthnicityArabs
Language familyAfro-Asiatic
Dialects
Writing systemArabic alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3–

The Hilalian dialects (Arabic: اللهجات الهلالية) are a continuum of Arabic dialects of the Maghreb, which were introduced during the Hilalian invasions between the 11th and 12th centuries, as well as the migration of Arab Hilalian tribes to the Western Maghreb. These dialects played a great role in the emergence of the Egyptian and Maghrebi dialects. The Bani Hilal tribes settled in the region of Casablanca-Settat in Morocco, parts of Libya, central Algeria, and Tunisia.

Etymology

The term Hilalian dialects refer to Banu Hilal, a confederation of Arab nomadic tribes who invaded North Africa in the eleventh century. The story is documented in an epic poem called Sirat Bani Hilal. One famous man who fought against the Berber tribes of Zenata and Sanhaja and guaranteed the independence of the Hawazin tribes was Abu Zayd al-Hilali

Along with the pre-existing sedentary pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects, they constitute the larger Maghrebi Arabic family. The Hilalian dialects hold a close resemblance to the Gulf Arabic dialect, since many gulf nations also come from the Banu Hilal tribe.

Varieties and distribution

Hilalian dialects are found across North Africa, from the western plains of Morocco and the Mauritanian desert to western Egypt, including Libya, the Algerian Hautes-Plaines and coast, and Tunisia.

Nevertheless, there are several enclaves of Pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects in this area, including old urban dialect-speaking cities (such as Fez, Rabat, Tétouan, Tlemcen, Constantine, Tunis) and four major sedentary rural dialects speaking areas as well as several Berber speaking areas.

Hilalian Arabic has five major varieties:

Hassaniya Arabic, spoken in Mauritania, southern Morocco and parts of northern Mali, is also classified as Maqil.

See also

References

  1. François Decret, Les invasions hilaliennes en Ifrîqiya
  2. Kees Versteegh, Dialects of Arabic : Maghreb Dialects Archived 2015-07-15 at the Wayback Machine, TeachMideast.org Archived 2015-03-07 at the Wayback Machine
  3. Mélissa Barkat, « Les dialectes Maghrébins » (lien), dans: Détermination d'indices acoustiques robustes pour l'identification automatique des parlers arabes, Thèse, Université Lumière Lyon 2 (2000)
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