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| {{Short description|Family of true bugs}} | |||
| {{Taxobox | |||
| {{Automatic taxobox | |||
| | |
| taxon = Notonectidae | ||
| | image = Notonecta maculata MHNT.jpg | | image = Notonecta maculata MHNT.jpg | ||
| | image_caption = ''Notonecta maculata'' | |||
| | regnum = ]ia | |||
| | authority = Leach, 1815 | |||
| | phylum = ]a | |||
| | display_parents = 3 | |||
| | classis = ]a | |||
| | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Toarcian|Present}} | |||
| | ordo = ] | |||
| | subordo = ] | |||
| | infraordo = ] | |||
| | familia = '''Notonectidae''' | |||
| | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies, Genera | | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies, Genera | ||
| | subdivision = | | subdivision = 2 subfamilies: | ||
| *Anisopinae | |||
| 8 genera in 2 subfamilies; see text<br/> | |||
| ⚫ | **'']'' | ||
| Genera:<br/> | |||
| *'']'' | **'']'' | ||
| *'']'' | **'']'' | ||
| *'']'' | **'']'' | ||
| *Notonectinae | |||
| ⚫ | *'']'' | ||
| *'']'' | **'']'' | ||
| *'']'' | **'']'' | ||
| *'']'' | **'']'' | ||
| *'']'' | **'']'' | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Notonectidae''' is a ] family of aquatic insects in the order ], commonly called '''backswimmers''' because they swim "upside down" (inverted). They are all ]s and typically range from {{convert|0.5|to(-)|1.5|cm|in|abbr=on|1}} in length.<ref name=Schuh1996>{{cite book |author1=Randall T. Schuh |author2=James Alexander Slater | year=1996 | title=True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera:Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History | publisher=Cornell University Press | pages=127–129 | edition=2 | isbn=978-0801420665 }}</ref> They are similar in appearance to ], but can be separated by differences in their dorsal-ventral coloration, front ], and predatory behavior. Their dorsum is convex, lightly colored without cross striations. Their front tarsi are not scoop-shaped and their hind legs are fringed for swimming. There are about 350 species in two subfamilies: Notonectinae with seven ], and Anisopinae with four genera. Members in the former subfamily are often larger than those in the latter.<ref name=Barbosa2012>{{cite journal| author1=Julianna Freires Barbosa | author2=José Ricardo Inacio Ribeiro | author3=Jorge Luiz Nessimian | year=2012 | title=A synopsis of Martarega White, 1879 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Notonectidae) occurring in the Brazilian Amazonia, with descriptions of three new species | journal=Journal of Natural History | volume=46 | issue=17–18 | pages=1025–1057 | doi=10.1080/00222933.2011.651645| bibcode=2012JNatH..46.1025B }}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Backswimmers swim on their backs, vigorously paddling with their long, hair-fringed hind legs and attack prey as large as ]s and small fish. They can inflict a painful "bite" on a human being, actually a stab with their sharp tubular mouthparts (]). They inhabit still freshwater, e.g. lakes, ponds, marshes, and are sometimes found in garden ponds and even swimming pools. Although primarily aquatic, they can fly well and so can disperse easily to new habitats. | ||
| Notonectidae are similar in appearance to ] (common names 'Water boatman' in the US, 'Lesser water boatman' in the UK), but can be distinguished by their larger size (up to 20 mm), dorsal-ventral coloration, front legs, and ]. Their dorsum is convex, lightly colored without cross striations. Their front tarsi are not scoop-shaped and their hind legs are fringed for swimming. There are two subfamilies, ] and ], each containing four genera. | |||
| ⚫ | ]'')]] | ||
| The most common genus of Backswimmers is '']'' – streamlined, deep-bodied bugs up to 16 mm long, green, brown, or yellowish in colour. ''N. maculata'', is distinguished by its mottled brick-coloured forewings. | |||
| ⚫ | The best-known genus of backswimmers is '']'' – streamlined, deep-bodied bugs up to {{convert|1.6|cm|in|abbr=on|1}} long, green, brown, or yellowish in colour. The common backswimmer, '']'', is widespread in Europe, including the United Kingdom where it is known as the greater water boatman.<ref> Retrieved on 2008-07-26</ref> Another of the same region, '']'', is distinguished by its mottled brick-coloured forewings. | ||
| ⚫ | Backswimmers swim on their backs, vigorously paddling with their long, hair-fringed hind legs and attack prey as large as ]s and small fish. They can inflict a painful "bite" on a human being |
||
| They seem to be attracted to light; similar to a moth drawn to a flame. For instance, if a Backswimmer enters a swimming pool with an ] seen under the water, it will inspect the light by swimming up close to it and never leaving that spot. {{cn|date=August 2016}} | |||
| ⚫ | In contrast to other aquatic insects that cling to submerged objects, the two genera ''Anisops'' and ''Buenoa'' uses a unique system to stay submerged: using the extra oxygen supply from ] in their abdomen, instead of using oxygen dissolved in the water. The size of these air bubbles, which provide buoyancy, changes as the nitrogen dissolves into the blood and the oxygen is used in respiration. This allows for regulation of the size of the air bubbles and their concentration of oxygen.<ref> Retrieved on 2008-07-26</ref><ref> ''New Scientist'' 2006-04-11 p.19 Retrieved on 2008-07-26</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0965174812000628 | doi=10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.04.007 | title=Characterization of the hemoglobin of the backswimmer Anisops deanei (Hemiptera) | journal=Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | date=September 2012 | volume=42 | issue=9 | pages=603–609 | last1=Wawrowski | first1=Agnes | last2=Matthews | first2=Philip G. D. | last3=Gleixner | first3=Eva | last4=Kiger | first4=Laurent | last5=Marden | first5=Michael C. | last6=Hankeln | first6=Thomas | last7=Burmester | first7=Thorsten | pmid=22575160 | bibcode=2012IBMB...42..603W }}</ref> | ||
| ] | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ⚫ | In contrast to other aquatic insects that cling to submerged objects, '' |
||
| ==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| Line 46: | Line 38: | ||
| *Fitter, R. & Manuel, R. (1986). ''Collins Field Guide to Freshwater Life''. Collins. {{ISBN|0-00-219143-1}}. | *Fitter, R. & Manuel, R. (1986). ''Collins Field Guide to Freshwater Life''. Collins. {{ISBN|0-00-219143-1}}. | ||
| *Hungerford, H. B. (1933). The genus ''Notonecta'' of the world. ''U. Kansas Sci. Bull.'' 21: 5-195.6+516+2kkig | *Hungerford, H. B. (1933). The genus ''Notonecta'' of the world. ''U. Kansas Sci. Bull.'' 21: 5-195.6+516+2kkig | ||
| *, Williams 1980, Hawking & Smith 1997 | *, Williams 1980, Hawking & Smith 1997 {{dead link|date=February 2021}} | ||
| *, Australian Freshwater Invertebrates | *, Australian Freshwater Invertebrates | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| {{Commons category|Notonectidae}} | |||
| *, BugGuide | *, BugGuide | ||
| * | * | ||
| Line 56: | Line 50: | ||
| {{Hemiptera|3}} | {{Hemiptera|3}} | ||
| {{Taxonbar|from=Q875622}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| {{Nepomorpha-stub}} | |||
Latest revision as of 12:40, 5 June 2024
Family of true bugs
| Notonectidae Temporal range: Toarcian–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
|---|---|
| |
| Notonecta maculata | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Infraorder: | Nepomorpha |
| Clade: | Tripartita |
| Superfamily: | Notonectoidea |
| Family: | Notonectidae Leach, 1815 |
| Subfamilies, Genera | |
|
2 subfamilies:
| |
Notonectidae is a cosmopolitan family of aquatic insects in the order Hemiptera, commonly called backswimmers because they swim "upside down" (inverted). They are all predators and typically range from 0.5 to 1.5 cm (0.2–0.6 in) in length. They are similar in appearance to Corixidae (water boatmen), but can be separated by differences in their dorsal-ventral coloration, front legs, and predatory behavior. Their dorsum is convex, lightly colored without cross striations. Their front tarsi are not scoop-shaped and their hind legs are fringed for swimming. There are about 350 species in two subfamilies: Notonectinae with seven genera, and Anisopinae with four genera. Members in the former subfamily are often larger than those in the latter.
Backswimmers swim on their backs, vigorously paddling with their long, hair-fringed hind legs and attack prey as large as tadpoles and small fish. They can inflict a painful "bite" on a human being, actually a stab with their sharp tubular mouthparts (proboscis). They inhabit still freshwater, e.g. lakes, ponds, marshes, and are sometimes found in garden ponds and even swimming pools. Although primarily aquatic, they can fly well and so can disperse easily to new habitats.
The best-known genus of backswimmers is Notonecta – streamlined, deep-bodied bugs up to 1.6 cm (0.6 in) long, green, brown, or yellowish in colour. The common backswimmer, N. glauca, is widespread in Europe, including the United Kingdom where it is known as the greater water boatman. Another of the same region, N. maculata, is distinguished by its mottled brick-coloured forewings.
In contrast to other aquatic insects that cling to submerged objects, the two genera Anisops and Buenoa uses a unique system to stay submerged: using the extra oxygen supply from haemoglobin in their abdomen, instead of using oxygen dissolved in the water. The size of these air bubbles, which provide buoyancy, changes as the nitrogen dissolves into the blood and the oxygen is used in respiration. This allows for regulation of the size of the air bubbles and their concentration of oxygen.
Notes
- Randall T. Schuh; James Alexander Slater (1996). True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera:Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History (2 ed.). Cornell University Press. pp. 127–129. ISBN 978-0801420665.
- Julianna Freires Barbosa; José Ricardo Inacio Ribeiro; Jorge Luiz Nessimian (2012). "A synopsis of Martarega White, 1879 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Notonectidae) occurring in the Brazilian Amazonia, with descriptions of three new species". Journal of Natural History. 46 (17–18): 1025–1057. Bibcode:2012JNatH..46.1025B. doi:10.1080/00222933.2011.651645.
- BBC Science and nature factfiles: Water boatman, common backswimmer Retrieved on 2008-07-26
- physorg.com: Gold Strike in Science World Retrieved on 2008-07-26
- Diving insects use buoyancy vests New Scientist 2006-04-11 p.19 Retrieved on 2008-07-26
- Wawrowski, Agnes; Matthews, Philip G. D.; Gleixner, Eva; Kiger, Laurent; Marden, Michael C.; Hankeln, Thomas; Burmester, Thorsten (September 2012). "Characterization of the hemoglobin of the backswimmer Anisops deanei (Hemiptera)". Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 42 (9): 603–609. Bibcode:2012IBMB...42..603W. doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.04.007. PMID 22575160.
References
- Chinery, M. (1986). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain & Western Europe. Collins. ISBN 0-00-219137-7.
- Fitter, R. & Manuel, R. (1986). Collins Field Guide to Freshwater Life. Collins. ISBN 0-00-219143-1.
- Hungerford, H. B. (1933). The genus Notonecta of the world. U. Kansas Sci. Bull. 21: 5-195.6+516+2kkig
- Painful bug bite, Williams 1980, Hawking & Smith 1997
- Notonectidae, Australian Freshwater Invertebrates
External links
- Notonectidae, BugGuide
- Close-up photo by J. Hlasek
- Photo of Anisops assimilis swimming by Paddy Ryan
- BBC Radio special on the sounds made by water boatmen
| Taxon identifiers | |
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| Notonectidae |
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