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{{Short description|International food brand}}{{Advert|date=October 2022}}{{Other uses}} | |||
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{{Infobox company | |||
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| name = Maggi | |||
] | |||
| logo = Maggi logo.svg | |||
]]] | |||
| caption = | |||
'''Maggi''' ({{IPA-it|ˈmaddʒi|lang}}; {{IPA-de|ˈmadʒiː|lang}}) is an international brand of seasonings, instant soups, and noodles that originated in ] in late 19th century. The Maggi company was acquired by ] in 1947.<ref>{{cite web|title = Maggi|url = http://www.nestle.com/brands/allbrands/maggi_culinary|website = www.nestle.com|access-date = 2016-02-03}}</ref> | |||
| type = Food | |||
| traded_as = | |||
| genre = <!-- Only used with media and publishing companies --> | |||
| fate = | |||
| predecessor = | |||
| successor = | |||
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1886}} | |||
| founder = ] | |||
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | |||
| location_city = Switzerland | |||
| assets = | |||
| equity = | |||
| owner = | |||
| num_employees = | |||
| parent = ] | |||
| divisions = | |||
| subsid = | |||
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.nestle.com/brands/allbrands/maggi_culinary|nestle.com/maggi}} | |||
| footnotes = | |||
}} | |||
'''Maggi''' ({{IPA|de|ˈmaɡi|lang|de-Maggi.ogg}}, {{IPA|it|ˈmaddʒi|lang}}) is an international brand of ], ], and noodles that originated in ] in the late 19th century. The Maggi company was acquired by ] in 1947. | |||
==Company history== | |||
] | |||
The company originated in ] in 1884, when ] took over his father's mill. He quickly became a ] of industrial food production, aiming to improve the nutritional intake of worker families. Maggi was the first to bring protein-rich ] meals to the market, and followed up with a ready-made soup based on legume meals in 1886. After that Julius Maggi introduced bouillon concentrates, first in capsules, then in cubes. In 1897, Julius Maggi founded the company Maggi GmbH in ], ].<ref>{{cite web|title =History of Maggi|url = https://www.maggime.com/en/about-us|website = www.nestle.com|access-date = 2017-08-07}}</ref> | |||
==History== | |||
In 1947, following several changes in ownership and corporate structure, Maggi's holding company merged with the Nestlé company to form ], currently known in its ] home base as Nestlé S.A.<ref>{{cite web|title = FOOD HISTORY: History of Maggi brand of Nestlé|url = http://www.world-foodhistory.com/2014/03/history-of-maggi-brand-of-nestle.html|website = www.world-foodhistory.com|access-date = 2016-02-04}}</ref> | |||
=== Early history === | |||
] | |||
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}} | |||
In 1869, ] (1846–1912) took over his father's mill business in ], Switzerland. Under his leadership, the business developed into one of the pioneers of industrial food production, with the aim of improving the diet of working-class families through better nutrient supply and faster preparation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-03 |title=Julius Maggi: The man who gave the brand its name |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/julius-maggi-the-man-who-gave-the-brand-its-name/story-qIzwCYIFMjFsB1kiaUdK9J.html |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> | |||
In 1882, at a meeting of the Swiss "Common Good Society" ({{lang|de|Gemeinnützigen Gesellschaft}}), the doctor and factory inspector Fridolin Schuler spoke about the miserable nutritional situation of the factory workers: women workers no longer had enough time to cook for their families; cold meals or alcohol often replaced warm meals; meals were served in factory canteens and were cheap but not sufficiently nutritious. The consequences were ], ], and high ]. Schuler advocated for diets based on high-], easily digestible pulses/]. He demanded that such meals should be offered to the economic class in a convenient form for quick preparation and at a low price. The society turned to the Maggi company, among others. | |||
Julius Maggi experimented for two years with different methods of mechanical and chemical processing of legumes and different mixtures. The results were presented to the representatives of the Society on 19 November 1884. They approved the results and signed a contract to exclusively recommend Maggi's legumes for a period of three years. Maggi, in turn, guaranteed a fixed price and regular product controls for sales in Switzerland. However, the Society was accused of representing the interests of a private company. The Maggi company, on the other hand, had difficulties challenging other suppliers of soup powder on the market, despite support from the Society. | |||
Since 1884, Maggi has been offering flour made from protein-rich legumes, which can be cooked quickly by being roasted beforehand. Maggi was the first to bring such legume meals to the market.<ref name=Hist>{{cite web|title =History of Maggi|url = https://www.maggime.com/en/about-us|website = nestle.com|access-date = 2017-08-07}}</ref> | |||
=== Expansion === | |||
] | |||
In 1885, Maggi brought nine industrially produced types of legume flour onto the market. In 1885, he received the "First Class Diploma" at the Swiss Culinary Art Exhibition in ]. In 1886, Maggi produced acid-] product industrially for the first time, producing the new "Maggi seasoning".<ref>{{cite book | author = Reineccius | title = Source Book of Flavours| publisher = Springer | date = 1994 | page = 140}}</ref> The product combined with legume meals to make a ready-made soup as competition for the meat extract invented by ].<ref name=Hist/> The first warehouses and branches abroad were founded, including Maggi GmbH in ], ] in 1887. In order to obtain additional capital for the planned further expansion, the company was converted into a ] in 1889 with Julius Maggi as general director. In 1908, Maggi brought the ] onto the market,<ref> In: ''Land der Erfinder – Das Schweizer Magazin für Innovationen.'' 2009.</ref> replacing the bouillon concentrate capsules. | |||
Maggi introduced extensive ] that were unusual for the time, such as a canteen, workers' housing, company health insurance, widow's and old-age ], and no work on Saturdays, introduced in 1906. In a strike at the Singen plant in 1907, Maggi successfully mediated, accused the management of having lost "contact with the workforce" and suggested the establishment of a "workers' committee", an early form of the ]. In 1912, Maggi signed the first ] in the German food industry.<ref>Franz Höning: ''Der erste Tarifvertrag in der Maggi vor 100 Jahren – 1912.'' In: ''Singen Jahrbuch 2013.'' ISBN 978-3-933356-70-3, S. 213–214.</ref><ref>Beim ersten Treffen der Tarifparteien erklärte Julius Maggi: „Die Ziele der Gewerkschaft decken sich mit unseren Zielen. Wir betrachten die Gewerkschaften als Pioniere des Kulturfortschritts ... Die Leitung des Maggi-Unternehmens steht nicht auf dem veralteten, patriarchalischen Standpunkte, absoluter Herr im eigenen Hause sein zu wollen. Wir haben von jeher in unseren Arbeitern und Beamten nicht Maschinen, sondern Mitarbeiter an einer gemeinsamen Aufgabe erblickt ...“ (zitiert bei Franz Höning: ''Der erste Tarifvertrag in der Maggi vor 100 Jahren – 1912.'' In: ''Singen Jahrbuch 2013.'' ISBN 978-3-933356-70-3, S. 213)</ref> | |||
] | |||
Maggi lived mainly in ] from 1902 and led the company to great success with new products in France. The sales of ] milk by the "Société laitière Maggi" amounted to 60 million liters in 1912,<ref>Monique Pivot: ''Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub.'' 2002, S. 57. Maggi besiegte in Frankreich die „weiße Gefahr“ (französisch: „Péril blanc“) – so nannte man den Kindstod durch infantile ] nach der Einnahme von nicht pasteurisierten Milchprodukten (dazu: Monique Pivot: ''Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub.'' 2002, S. 53 ff.)</ref> and the sales of bouillon cubes with the name KUB amounted to 6 million units a month in 1912.<ref>Monique Pivot: ''Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub.'' 2002, S. 68.</ref> | |||
Shortly after Julius Maggi's death in 1912, the company was converted into a holding company, the Allgemeine MAGGI-Gesellschaft. | |||
In 1933 Maggi opened a new factory for sauce production in Le Blanc-Mesnil (France); In 1940, New Milford in the USA followed as the eleventh and last factory to be founded abroad<ref>Monique Pivot: ''Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub.'' 2002, S. 107.</ref> | |||
=== World Wars === | |||
During World War I, Maggi was mistaken as a German company in France and accused of spying; it had to fight in public media and in court to correct this image. In 1919, the French branch was renamed SISA ({{lang|fr|Société industrielle des spécialités alimentaires}}).<ref>Monique Pivot: ''Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub.'' 2002, S. 89–97, sowie die von der ''Société laitière Maggi'' 1921 herausgegebene Schrift ''Comment ont échoué les manœuvres pour la destruction des Sociétés Maggi et Kub, soit par la violence, soit par les moyens juridiques, août 1914 à fin 1920.'' Impr. centrale de la Bourse, Paris.</ref> | |||
During World War II, however, the German branch of Maggi allowed itself to be coopted into Nazi politics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-12-29 |title=Swiss firms practiced forced labour in Nazi era |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss-firms-practiced-forced-labour-in-nazi-era/2400974 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |language=en}}</ref> In 1938 Maggi Berlin and in 1940 Maggi Singen were awarded the title of "National Socialist Model Company," after the company had already had it officially certified in 1935 that "all shareholders" as well as "all managing directors, authorized signatories, and authorized representatives were of Aryan descent."<ref>Brigitte Matern: ''Geschmeidig, nüchtern, hemmungslos: Schweizer Unternehmen im Nationalsozialismus'' IN: ''].'' No. 51, December 18, 1997.</ref> This servility of Maggi towards National Socialism is ostensibly explained by the economic interest in doing business with state or municipal institutions. In order to get such orders, Maggi had to have it confirmed again and again that it was an "Aryan company."<ref>"...sometimes this, sometimes that party branch or subsidiary organization of the NSDAP inquired and requested information about the character of the company on extensive questionnaires. General Director Schmidt finally went to a notary and had an affidavit drawn up on October 1, 1935." In: Willy Buschak: ''Die Geschichte der Maggi-Arbeiterschaft 1887–1950'' 1989, p. 115.</ref> Maggi received an exclusive supply contract for the ], for which it even produced a special soup.<ref>Joachim Drews: ''Die "Nazi-Bohne" : Anbau, Verwendung und Auswirkung der ] im Deutschen Reich und Südosteuropa ; (1933–1945).'' Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7513-X, p. 183, and Monique Pivot: ''Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub.'' 2002, p. 109.</ref> Two-thirds of Maggi production went directly or indirectly to the Wehrmacht during the war years. The company was dependent on foreign labor during these years. The number of forced laborers from Eastern Europe varied between 170 (end of 1943) and 48 (May 1945).<ref>Willy Buschak: ''Die Geschichte der Maggi-Arbeiterschaft 1887–1950'' 1989, pp. 130–132; there also precise statistics on Italian ''military internees'' and ''civilian'' workers.</ref> | |||
After World War II, the German Maggi branch was saved from confiscation and dismantling only due to the intervention of the highest authorities of the ] in ] and with the support of the ]. The ] with ] in 1947 also served to "de-Germanize" the image of Maggi.<ref>Monique Pivot: ''Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub.'' 2002, p. 109.</ref> | |||
=== Recent history === | |||
] | |||
] | |||
In 1947, following several changes in ownership and corporate structure, Maggi's holding company merged with the Nestlé company to form ], currently known in its ] home base as Nestlé S.A.<ref>{{cite web|title = FOOD HISTORY: History of Maggi brand of Nestlé|url = http://www.world-foodhistory.com/2014/03/history-of-maggi-brand-of-nestle.html|website = world-foodhistory.com|access-date = 2016-02-04}}</ref> | |||
The 1947 Maggi-Nestlé merger was not without its difficulties. There was strong animosity between the new management and the workforce. The negotiated wage <!-- Haustarif --> at Maggi in Singen was questioned. ], who knew the then general director Riggenbach well, stated that "its economic policy would falter if Maggi continued to pay such high wages."<ref>Willy Buschak: ''Die Geschichte der Maggi-Arbeiterschaft 1887–1950.'' 1989, S. 156.</ref> The transfer of the commercial department from Berlin to Frankfurt in 1949 also triggered great skepticism among the workers' council.<ref>Willy Buschak: ''Die Geschichte der Maggi-Arbeitserschaft 1887–1950.'' 1989, p. 157ff.</ref> | |||
The merger of Nestlé and Maggi took place over a period of several years and with the help of a specially created company called SOPAD (Société de produits alimentaires et diététiques). Completely different product ranges and distribution mechanisms had to be reconciled but ultimately proved complementary.<ref>Monique Pivot: ''Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub.'' 2002, pp. 110–111.</ref> | |||
As a new production site in Germany (in addition to Singen/Hohentwiel), ] in ] was put into operation in 1964. In 1992, a production site was opened in ] near ].<ref>Robert Hufnagel, Helmut Dienert: ''Die Maggifabrik in Singen am Hohentwiel.'' 1997, pp. 24 and 28.</ref> | |||
In 2002, Nestlé sold the Maggi site in Kemptthal, together with the flavouring production, to ].<ref>{{cite news|access-date=2020-01-05|author=André Müller|date=2019-08-15|title=Maggi-Areal in Kemptthal: The Valley is slowly taking shape|url=https://www.nzz.ch/zuerich/maggi-areal-in-kemptthal-the-valley-nimmt-langsam-form-an-ld.1501700|work=]}}</ref> | |||
== Marketing == | |||
] | |||
{{Expand German|topic=cult|Maggi|section=yes|date=July 2023}} | |||
By 2020, as part of the Simply Good initiative, the domestic Maggi range is to be geared more towards well-known and healthier ingredients and the salt content to be reduced.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-28 |title=▷ Simply Good: Maggi bringt schmackhaftere und gesündere Alternativen in die Küchen {{!}} Presseportal |url=https://www.presseportal.de/pm/65551/3648153 |access-date=2022-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428162242/https://www.presseportal.de/pm/65551/3648153 |archive-date=28 April 2019 }}</ref> | |||
==Products== | ==Products== | ||
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Image:Maggiwürze-alt.jpg|Maggi Seasoning sauce (replica of a historic bottle) | Image:Maggiwürze-alt.jpg|Maggi Seasoning sauce (replica of a historic bottle) | ||
Image:Maggiwürze-neu.jpg|A bottle of Maggi sauce in 2006 | Image:Maggiwürze-neu.jpg|A bottle of Maggi sauce in 2006 | ||
Image:Brühwürfel-1.jpg| |
Image:Brühwürfel-1.jpg|Bouillon cubes | ||
Image:Maggi masala noodles.jpg|Maggi masala noodles | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
===Cube=== | ===Cube=== | ||
] | |||
The ] or ''Maggi cube'' is a meat substitute product that was introduced in 1908. | |||
The bouillon cube or ''Maggi cube'' is a ] product that was introduced in 1908. | |||
In ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] and parts of the ], Maggi cubes are an integral part of the local cuisine. In ] and throughout ], Maggi products, especially bouillon cubes, are widely sold with some repackaging to reflect local terminology.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Albala|first1=Ken|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia|date=2011|publisher=Greenwood|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=9780313376276|page=166|url=https://books.google.com/?id=zG1H75z0EYYC& |
In ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] and parts of the ], Maggi cubes are an integral part of the local cuisine. In ] and throughout ], Maggi products, especially bouillon cubes, are widely sold with some repackaging to reflect local terminology.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Albala|first1=Ken|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia|date=2011|publisher=Greenwood|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|isbn=9780313376276|page=166|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG1H75z0EYYC&q=maggi+bouillon+cubes+haiti&pg=RA1-PA166|access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> | ||
]]] | |||
===Seasoning sauce=== | ===Seasoning sauce=== | ||
In |
In ], ], the ], the ], ], ], ] and ], "Maggi" is still synonymous with Maggi-Würze (Maggi seasoning sauce), a dark, ]-type ]-based condiment sauce. In ] it is sold as ''Caldo Maggi'', and in Mexico it is sold under the name ''Jugo Maggi.''<ref name=Jugo>{{cite web |url=http://www.elmejornido.com/en/maggi/products/seasoning-sauce |title=Seasoning Sauce | Maggi® | Brands & Offers | Nestlé Recipes |publisher=ElMejorNido.com |access-date=2016-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226234432/https://www.elmejornido.com/en/maggi/products/seasoning-sauce |archive-date=26 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
There are a total of nine different formulations,<ref>{{cite web |title=Maggi Seasoning: What It Is & How to Use It {{!}} Cook's Illustrated |url=https://www.americastestkitchen.com/cooksillustrated/how_tos/13310-boost-savory-flavor-with-maggi-seasoning |website=www.americastestkitchen.com |language=en}}</ref> which differ between nations and/or regions: | |||
===Noodles=== | |||
* Older German and Swiss Maggi use acid-hydrolyzed soy protein.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maggi Seasoning Sauce |url=https://www.cooksinfo.com/maggi |website=CooksInfo}}</ref> Around 2006, the German product was reformulated to use enzyme-hydrolyzed wheat protein, which contains less salt. The other ingredients are ], ], and food flavouring.<ref>{{cite web |title=MAGGI Würze 125 g |url=https://www.maggi.de/produkte/maggi-wuerze-125-g/ |website=Maggi.de |language=de}}</ref> European versions have generally similar taste profiles.<ref name=Makalintal/> All other versions described below are also wheat-based. | |||
Maggi instant noodles are popular in ], ], ], ], ] and ]. Nestle has 39% market share in Malaysia, where "Maggi" is synonymous with instant noodles,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Noodles-in-Malaysia/report |title=Noodles in Malaysia |publisher=Euromonitor.com |date= |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> and had 90% market share in India prior to a nationwide ban by the ]. Following the ban, the market share was reduced to 53% in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/noodles-in-india/report |title=Noodles in India |publisher=Euromonitor.com |date= |accessdate=2016-01-17}}</ref> In Malaysia, fried noodles made from Maggi noodles are called ]. Maggi Instant noodles are branded as "Maggi ]" in Australia and New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maggi.com.au/products/maggi-noodles/core|title=MAGGI 2 Minute Noodles Chicken - 2 Minute Noodles - MAGGI Australia|website=www.maggi.com.au|access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref> | |||
* The Chinese version, which is very common in North America, adds no MSG. Its flavour is described as more robust than the Swiss original.<ref name=Makalintal/> | |||
* The Mexican ''Jugo''<ref name=Jugo/> is darker and thicker.<ref name=Makalintal/> | |||
* Two Filipino versions exist. ''Maggi Savor'' is similar to other versions, while ''Maggi Savor Calamansi'' adds a pronounced citrus tartness.<ref name=Makalintal>{{cite web |last1=Makalintal |first1=Bettina |title=Maggi Seasoning Is Best When It's (Kind of) a Secret |url=https://www.eater.com/23376762/maggi-seasoning-sauce-how-to-use-food |website=Eater |language=en |date=28 September 2022}}</ref> | |||
In the German, Dutch, and Danish languages, ] has come to be known as ''Maggi herb'' (Ger. ''Maggikraut'', Du. ''maggikruid'' or ''maggiplant'', Da. ''maggiurt''), because it has an aroma similar to Maggi sauce, although lovage is not present in the sauce. This flavour of lovage is due to ], whereas hydrolyzed vegetable protein contains 5-ethyl-sotolon (EHMF, "Maggi lactone").<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Blank |first1=Imre |last2=Schieberle |first2=Peter |title=Analysis of the seasoning-like flavour substances of a commercial lovage extract (Levisticum officinale Koch.) |journal=Flavour and Fragrance Journal |date=July 1993 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=191–195 |doi=10.1002/ffj.2730080405}}</ref> | |||
In June 2015, tests in India found high amounts of lead in Maggi noodles. The ] ordered a national recall for all 9 variants of Maggi Instant Noodles and Oats Masala Noodles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/fssai-orders-recall-nine-variants-maggi-noodles-india-2281400.html |title=FSSAI orders recall of all nine variants of Maggi noodles from India |publisher=Firstpost |date=2015-06-05 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://merofact.blogspot.in/2015/06/fssai-asked-nestle-india-to-withdraw.html|title=FSSAI Asked Nestle India to Withdraw and Recall Maggi Instant Noodles|date=12 June 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Noodles=== | |||
In India, Maggi noodles carry a green dot, meaning they are specifically formulated to serve vegetarians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/maggi-controversy-it-s-a-wake-up-call-for-indian-consumers/story-cvYfmeOk3tK9xBE2v9FkiP.html |title=Maggi controversy: It's a wake-up call for Indian consumers | columns |publisher=Hindustan Times |date= |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> This special formulation is not available in other countries, unless imported from ]. | |||
{{See also|Maggi noodles safety concerns in India}}]]] | |||
Maggi instant noodles are popular in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] and are synonymous with instant noodles in most of these countries. Nestlé has a 39% market share in Malaysia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Noodles-in-Malaysia/report |title=Noodles in Malaysia |publisher=Euromonitor.com |access-date=2016-01-16}}</ref> and had 90% market share in India prior to ] by the ]. The ban was later lifted, but market share diminished to 53%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/noodles-in-india/report |title=Noodles in India |publisher=Euromonitor.com |access-date=2016-01-17}}</ref> In Malaysia and Singapore, fried noodles made from Maggi noodles are called ]. Maggi Instant noodles are branded as "Maggi ]" in Australia, South Africa, New Zealand<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maggi.com.au/products/maggi-noodles/core|title=MAGGI 2 Minute Noodles Chicken – 2 Minute Noodles – MAGGI Australia|website=maggi.com.au|access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref> and India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maggi.in/our-range|title=MAGGI 2 Minute Noodles|website=maggi.in|access-date=2020-03-08}}</ref> | |||
In India, Maggi Masala noodles carry a green dot, meaning they are specifically formulated to serve ]. However, Maggi chicken noodles carry a red triangle, indicating that they are not vegetarian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/maggi-controversy-it-s-a-wake-up-call-for-indian-consumers/story-cvYfmeOk3tK9xBE2v9FkiP.html |title=Maggi controversy: It's a wake-up call for Indian consumers | columns |work=Hindustan Times|date= 6 June 2015|access-date=2016-01-16}}</ref> This special formulation is not available in other countries, unless imported from India. | |||
====Maggi Cuppa Mania==== | |||
Maggi Cuppa Mania is an ] product by ] launched in mid 2008 in two variants, ‘Masala Yo!’ and ‘Chilli Chow Yo!’. The soup mixes are packaged with a disposable fork and a seasoning packet. Moods Hospitality, which owns the "Yo! China" Chinese restaurant chain, sued Nestle for copyright infringement; Moods Hospitality initially won but Nestle appealed and was found to be not infringing, on the basis that the products were not similar enough for consumers to be confused.<ref>{{cite news|title=The significance of "Yo!" |url=http://blog.mylaw.net/the-significance-of-yo/ |work=The myLaw Blog |date=24 December 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311191055/http://blog.mylaw.net/category/litigation-2/page/8/ |archivedate=11 March 2017 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> | |||
In the ], localized versions of Maggi instant noodles were sold until 2011 when the product group was recalled for suspected '']'' contamination.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/05/05/11/maggi-noodles-recalled-over-salmonella-scare|title=Maggi noodles recalled over salmonella scare|work=ABS-CBN News|date= 5 May 2011|access-date=2020-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/05/05/11/nestle-recalls-maggi-noodles-due-salmonella-contamination|title=Nestle recalls Maggi noodles due to salmonella contamination|work=ABS-CBN News|date=5 May 2011|access-date=2020-11-22|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128204630/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/05/05/11/nestle-recalls-maggi-noodles-due-salmonella-contamination|url-status=dead}}</ref> It did not return to market, while Nestlé continues to sell seasoning products including the popular Maggi Magic Sarap. | |||
===Dehydrated soup=== | |||
Like other dehydrated soup mixes, Maggi Onion Soup mix is often combined with ] to create a ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tastyrecipes.co.nz/Recipe/Traditional-Kiwi-Onion-Dip-_nz.html |title=Nestlé Choose Wellness |publisher=TastyRecipes.co.nz |date=2014-03-13 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
===Recipe mixes=== | |||
==Maggi Noodles safety concerns in India== | |||
Recipe mixes or so-called ''Fixes'' were introduced in Germany in 1974. The product offers the consumers an idea and a recipe to cook with two or three fresh ingredients and a Maggi mix. A complete step-by-step recipe is given on the back of the package. These products were originally launched in Germany, where they became very popular, and some Western European countries. In the 1990s, recipe mixes were introduced in Eastern Europe, particularly in ] and Poland (under the Winiary brand), where they became a big success. Nowadays, the portfolio of recipe mixes offers consumers more than a hundred recipe ideas across different European countries. | |||
In May 2015, Food Safety Regulators from ], a district of ], India reported that samples of Maggi 2 Minute Noodles had unexpectedly high levels of ], as well as up to 17 times the permissible limit of lead. This finding led to multiple market withdrawals and investigations in India and beyond.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/story/business/maggi-controversy-nestle-india-may-be-in-loss-again-1276240.html|title=Maggi controversy: Nestle India may be in loss again|accessdate=16 August 2015|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://merofact.blogspot.in/2015/05/doubts-over-msg-and-lead-content-in.html |title=Doubts over MSG and Lead Content in Maggi Instant Noodles | Merofact Awareness Blog |publisher=Merofact.blogspot.in |date=2015-05-19 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Beware! Eating 2 -Minute Maggi Noodles can ruin your Nervous System|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/05/beware-eating-2-minute-maggi-noodles-can-ruin-your-nervous-system/|accessdate=18 May 2015|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|date=18 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.ndtv.com/india-news/maggi-noodles-packets-recalled-across-uttar-pradesh-say-food-inspectors-764729|work=]|title=Maggi Noodles Packets Recalled Across Uttar Pradesh, Say Food Inspectors: Report|date= 20 May 2015|access-date= 20 May 2015|location=], India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sushmi Dey|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Maggi-under-regulatory-scanner-for-lead-MSG-beyond-permissible-limit/articleshow/47304615.cms |work=]|title=‘Maggi’ under regulatory scanner for lead, MSG beyond permissible limit |date= 16 May 2015|access-date= 20 May 2015|location=], India}}</ref> | |||
== |
==Controversies== | ||
* June 3, 2015 – The ] Government banned the sale of Maggi in New Delhi stores for 15 days due to these findings.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Delhi-govt-bans-sales-of-Maggi-from-its-stores/articleshow/47525207.cms|work=]|title=Delhi govt bans sales of Maggi from its stores: Report|date= 3 June 2015|access-date= 3 June 2015|location=], India}}</ref> ]s (FIRs) against ] Maggi Brand Ambassadors ], ], and ] were lodged by Sudhir Kumar Ojha, a lawyer, at Muzaffarpur district court, asking the authorities to arrest them if required. He complained that he fell sick after eating Maggi which he had purchased from a shop at Lenin Chowk on 30 May.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maggi-case-bollywood-actors-face-fir/article7276001.ece |title=Maggi case: Bollywood actors face FIR |publisher=The Hindu |date=2015-06-03 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
* June 4, 2015 – The ] FDA banned the noodles for 30 days after 27 out of 39 samples were detected with objectionable levels of metallic lead, among other things,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.myfreedo.com/maggi-recipes|title=Lip-Smacking Maggi Recipes You Must Try!|author=MYFREEDO}}</ref> and ] banned sale, distribution, and storage of Maggi's "extra delicious chicken noodles" variety for 30 days after tests carried out at the state public health laboratory concluded that the particular variety contained added ] and an excessively high amount of lead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Assam-bans-Maggi-variety-for-30-days/articleshow/47546109.cms|title=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable|work=indiatimes.com}}</ref> On June 4, 2015 the government of ] banned Maggi foods due to an unacceptable amount of lead and other components.<ref>{{cite web|author=The author has posted comments on this article |url=http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Centre-may-ban-Maggi-as-other-brands-fail-test-in-TN/articleshow/47547551.cms |title=Centre may ban Maggi as other brands fail test in TN – The Times of India |publisher=M.timesofindia.com |date=2015-06-05 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
* June 5, 2015 – The ] Government also banned Maggi foods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150606/nation-current-affairs/article/andhra-pradesh-bans-maggi-telangana-awaits-report |title=Andhra Pradesh bans maggi, Telangana awaits report |publisher=Deccanchronicle.com |date= |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
* Also on June 5, 2015, the ] (FSSAI)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/did-not-order-maggi-ban-fssai-tells-sc/article7978147.ece|title=Did not order Maggi ban, FSSAI tells SC|last=Rajagopal|first=Krishnadas|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-26|language=en}}</ref> ordered a recall of all nine approved variants of Maggi instant noodles and oats masala noodles, suggesting that they were unsafe and hazardous for human consumption.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fssai.gov.in/Portals/0/Pdf/Order_Nestle.pdf|title=FSSAI Order to Nestle India|date=5 June 2015|publisher=FSSAI, India|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616090435/http://www.fssai.gov.in/Portals/0/Pdf/Order_Nestle.pdf|archivedate=16 June 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On the same day, the ] of the ] launched an investigation into the level of lead in Maggi noodles.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/business/uk-launches-maggi-tests-for-lead-content/articleshow/47556524.cms |title=UK launches Maggi tests for lead content – The Economic Times |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2015-06-05 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
* June 6, 2015 – The Central Government of India banned nationwide sales of Maggi noodles for an indefinite period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/miscellenous-india/supreme-court-denies-to-give-clean-chit-to-maggie-orders-to-re-test-1159819/|title=Supreme Court denies to give clean chit to Maggie, orders to re-test|work=www.patrika.com}}</ref> | |||
* June 26, 2015 – During a press meeting, the Minister for Health and Family Welfare of ], ], stated that Maggi foods would not be banned.<ref>{{cite web|author=News Karnataka |url=http://newskarnataka.com/bangalore/maggie-will-not-be-banned-in-karnataka#sthash.wxFsBtki.dpuf |title=Maggi will not be banned in Karnataka |publisher=Newskarnataka.com |date=2015-06-27 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
* July, 2015 – The Bombay High Court allowed the export of Maggi while the ban in India remained.<ref>{{cite web|author=Maulik Vyas, ET Bureau 1 July 2015, 03.59AM IST |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/hc-allows-nestle-to-export-maggi-though-ban-continues-in-india/articleshow/47878617.cms |title=Bombay HC allows Nestle to export Maggi though ban continues in India – timesofindia-economictimes |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date= |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
* August 2015 – Tests performed by the US health regulator FDA showed no dangerous lead levels in the products.<ref name="indiatimes1"/> On 13 August 2015, the nationwide ban was struck down by the Bombay high court.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ban-on-maggi-lifted-bombay-hc-orders-fresh-test-of-noodle-samples/|title=Ban on Maggi: High Court lifts ban, orders fresh tests within 6 weeks|last=|first=|date=14 August 2015|work=|access-date=|via=}}</ref> The court stated that proper procedure was not followed in issuing the ban and called into question the test results, as the samples were not tested at authorized laboratories accredited to the ] (NABL).<ref>{{cite web|author=Shibu Thomas |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Relief-for-Nestle-Bombay-HC-sets-aside-food-regulators-ban-on-Maggi/articleshow/48463583.cms |title=Relief for Nestle, Bombay HC sets aside food regulator's ban on Maggi – Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date= |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
=== Heyne Verlag advertising === | |||
===Additional market bans=== | |||
] placed Maggi soup adverts in the body of various fictional works, including the German edition of '']'' by ]. Pratchett switched publishers upon learning of this practice.<ref>{{cite web |title=HEYNE COVERS |url=http://www.colinsmythe.co.uk/terrypages/heynecovers.htm |website=www.colinsmythe.co.uk |date=20 October 2007 |access-date=23 July 2023 |archive-date=20 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020140752/http://www.colinsmythe.co.uk/terrypages/heynecovers.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> | |||
Some of India's biggest retailers (including ]'s ], ], and Nilgiris) imposed a nationwide ban on Maggi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/future-group-bans-maggi-too-the-two-minute-death-of-a-indias-favourite-noodle-brand-2277008.html|publisher=FirstPost|title=Future Group bans Maggi too: The two-minute death of a India's favourite noodle brand|date= 3 June 2015|access-date= 3 June 2015}}</ref> In addition, multiple state authorities in India found an unacceptable amount of lead, leading to bans in more than 5 other states.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/maggi-s-twisted-tale-gujarat-jharkhand-decision-on-ban-today/article1-1354696.aspx |title=North to south: 5 states ban two-minute Maggi noodles in a day | india |publisher=Hindustan Times |date= |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/maggi-noodles-fail-lucknow-lab-test/1/559802.html|title=Maggi noodles fail Lucknow lab test|publisher=}}</ref> | |||
=== "Yo" lawsuit === | |||
Nepal indefinitely banned Maggi over concerns about the lead levels in the product.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/nepal-bans-import--sale-of-nestle-maggi-noodles/article1-1354986.aspx |title=Nepal bans import, sale of Maggi noodles | world |publisher=Hindustan Times |date= |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> Maggi noodles were subsequently withdrawn from the market of five African nations: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and South Sudan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-33053683 |title=Maggi noodles withdrawn in East African supermarket - BBC News |publisher=Bbc.com |date= |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
In 2008, Maggi's Indian branch launched two flavors for a new "Cuppa Mania" product line, named "Masala Yo" and "Chilli Chow Yo". Moods Hospitality, which owns the "Yo! China" Chinese restaurant chain, sued Nestle for copyright infringement; Moods Hospitality initially won but Nestle appealed and was found to be not infringing in 2010, on the basis that the products were not similar enough for consumers to be confused.<ref>{{cite news|title=The significance of "Yo!" |url=http://blog.mylaw.net/the-significance-of-yo/ |work=The myLaw Blog |date=24 December 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311191055/http://blog.mylaw.net/category/litigation-2/page/8/ |archivedate=11 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bhushan |first1=Ratna |title=Yo! Maggi Cuppa Mania lands in a soup |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/advertising/yo-maggi-cuppa-mania-lands-in-a-soup/articleshow/3104065.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=6 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nestlé triumphs in a dispute over the use of exclamation 'Yo!' |url=https://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/article/nestle-triumphs-in-dispute-over-use-of-exclamation-yo |website=www.worldtrademarkreview.com |language=en}}</ref> | |||
=== |
=== Safety concerns === | ||
{{Main|Maggi noodles safety concerns in India}}In May 2015, food safety regulators from ], a district of ], India reported that samples of Maggi 2 Minute Noodles had unexpectedly high levels of ] (MSG), as well as up to 17 times the permissible limit of ]. This finding led to multiple market withdrawals and investigations in India and beyond.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Najar |first=Nida |date=2015-06-05 |title=Nestlé Pulls Maggi Noodles From Shelves Across India |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/06/business/nestle-pulls-maggi-noodles-from-shelves-across-india.html |access-date=2022-04-27 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | |||
* ] (MSG): Testing found some MSG in Maggi noodles. The packet stated "No added MSG"; however, MSG naturally occurs in hydrolyzed peanut protein, onion powder and wheat flour. Maggi offered to remove the words "No added MSG" from the package to overcome the objection.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/we-will-remove-no-msg-from-the-maggi-noodle-label-nestles-global-ceo-768951 |title=We Will Remove No MSG from the Maggi Noodles Label: Nestles Global CEO - NDTV Food |publisher=Food.ndtv.com |date=2015-06-06 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
* ]: Maggi noodles include flavouring packets named "Tastemaker" which is intended to dissolve in water during cooking. Maggi insisted that testing should be done on the product as it is eaten; however, the FSSAI insisted that the powder itself should be tested. On June 5, the FSSAI said that the prescribed standards of 2.5 parts per million would have to apply to all components of the product. Out of the 13 samples tested by Delhi authorities, 10 of them had lead content exceeding this limit. The packets that initiated the investigation from Uttar Pradesh had 17.2 ppm of lead.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rohan Venkataramakrishnan |url=http://scroll.in/article/732356/nestles-defence-its-only-real-lead-free-maggi-when-the-noodles-and-masala-are-boiled-in-water |title=Nestlé's defence: It is only real (lead-free) Maggi when the noodles and masala are boiled in water |publisher=Scroll.in |date= |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> Nestlé also questioned the reliability of the labs used. Results from testing outside of India (],<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Singapore-resumes-sale-of-India-made-Maggi-noodles/articleshow/47597535.cms |title=Singapore resumes sale of India-made Maggi noodles - Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2015-06-09 |accessdate=2016-01-16 |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> US<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite web|author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/US-health-regulator-says-lead-in-Maggi-within-acceptable-levels/articleshow/48460940.cms |title=US health regulator says lead in Maggi within acceptable levels - Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2015-08-13 |accessdate=2016-01-16 |agency=]}}</ref>) reported that Maggi noodles were safe. In the later Bombay High Court judgment, the court agreed that the test results by earlier labs were unreliable. The court mandated testing to be done at three specific laboratories (Punjab, Hyderabad and Jaipur) where Maggi was found safe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/maggi-clears-bombay-hc-mandated-lab-tests-nestle-india/ |title=Maggi clears Bombay HC mandated lab tests: India |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2015-10-17 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> The lead may have been naturally occurring in plants and soil<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643387309381602|title=Lead in soils and plants: A literature review|journal=C R C Critical Reviews in Environmental Control|volume=3|page=213|publisher=|doi=10.1080/10643387309381602|year=2010|last1=Zimdahl|first1=Robert L.|last2=Arvik|first2=Jon H.|last3=Hammond|first3=Paul B.}}</ref> or from Indian spices, although within acceptable limits.<ref>{{cite web|last=Park |first=Alice |url=http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1971906,00.html |title=Study: Indian Spices, Powders Linked with Lead Poisoning - TIME |publisher=Content.time.com |date=2010-03-15 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
Nestlé maintained that the levels of MSG are naturally occurring, but agreed to remove the "No added MSG" label.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/we-will-remove-no-msg-from-the-maggi-noodle-label-nestles-global-ceo-768951 |title=We Will Remove No MSG from the Maggi Noodles Label: Nestles Global CEO – NDTV Food |publisher=Food.ndtv.com |date=2015-06-06 |access-date=2016-01-16}}</ref> Nestlé also questioned the reliability of the lead test, as no lead issues were found by health agencies in Singapore and the US. ] agrees that the test may be unreliable, and ordered a re-test in three separate laboratories. The noodles were found safe in October 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/maggi-clears-bombay-hc-mandated-lab-tests-nestle-india/ |title=Maggi clears Bombay HC mandated lab tests: India |work=The Indian Express|date=2015-10-17 |access-date=2016-01-16}}</ref> In addition, Nestlé insisted that testing should be done on the product as it is eaten (as opposed to testing the "tastemaker" flavoring powder alone),<ref>{{cite web|author=Rohan Venkataramakrishnan |url=http://scroll.in/article/732356/nestles-defence-its-only-real-lead-free-maggi-when-the-noodles-and-masala-are-boiled-in-water |title=Nestlé's defense: It is only real (lead-free) Maggi when the noodles and masala are boiled in water |date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Scroll.in |access-date=2016-01-16}}</ref> but this argument was not accepted by the court. | |||
===Company response=== | |||
Maggi always insisted that their noodle product is safe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nestle.in/aboutus/ask-nestle/answers/maggi-noodles-india-test-results |title=What testing methodology does Nestlé use? | MAGGI Noodles - Nestlé India | Nestlé India |publisher=Nestle.in |date=2016-01-01 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> Maggi recalled stock worth nearly Rs 320 ] from the shelves and paid 20 crores to a cement factory to burn the product. In addition, Corporate Affairs Ministry imposed a Rs 640 crore fine on Nestle India for the presence of MSG and lead beyond the permissible limit.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ruchika Shah |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-how-much-did-maggi-ban-cost-nestle-india-2140196 |title=How much did Maggi ban cost Nestle India? | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=2015-10-30 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
=== |
=== False advertising === | ||
Nestlé has faced criticism for its advertising not adhering to marketing ] in developed countries, and for making misleading claims in developing countries. In October 2008, Nestlé aired a commercial meant for Bangladeshi television on British TV. The advert made false claims that the noodles are rich in protein and calcium and would "help to build strong muscles, bone, and hair". The ] stated that the advertisement did not abide by the new ] ] legislation, by which advertisers have to provide proof of ]. The product in question also did not meet British FSA thresholds for "rich in protein and calcium".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/nestle-criticised-for-child-health-claims-968404.html |title=Nestle criticized for child health claims – Business News, Business – The Independent |website=] |access-date=2016-01-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612025352/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/nestle-criticised-for-child-health-claims-968404.html |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> | |||
In India, Maggi products were returned to the shelves in November 2015,<ref>Bhusan, Ratna and Malviya, Sagar (17 October 2015) http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/maggi-clears-all-tests-nestle-india-to-restart-production-within-2-3-weeks/articleshow/49423524.cms</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.news.com.au/finance/business/maggi-noodles-return-to-india-after-crisis/story-fnkgdftz-1227602617859 |title=Maggi noodles India ban: Celebrations as Nestle returns to shelves |publisher=News.com.au |date=2015-11-10 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> accompanied by a ] advertising campaign to win back the trust of members of the Indian community.<ref>{{cite web|author=Digital Defynd |url=http://digitaldefynd.com/2015/10/17/nestle-tries-to-win-back-customer-trust-by-evoking-a-century-old-relationship/ |title=Nestle tries to win back customer trust by evoking a century-old relationship |publisher=Digitaldefynd.com |date= |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> At this time, the ''Maggi anthem'' by ] and Alien Chutney took the nation by storm.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Goswami|first1=Shreya|title=Try getting this Maggi song by Vir Das and Alien Chutney out of your head|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/vir-das-alien-chutney-new-maggi-anthem-youtube-video-msg-lead-masala-is-my-king/1/649138.html|accessdate=5 August 2016|work=]|date=22 April 2016}}</ref> Nestlé resumed production of Maggi at all five plants in India on 30 November 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/nestle-brings-back-maggi-to-shelves-in-india/article7860831.ece|title=Maggi noodles is back|last=Bhargava|first=Yuthika|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-26|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.thehindu.com/business/Industry/nestle-resumes-maggi-noodles-production-at-all-plants-in-india/article7932803.ece |title=Nestle resumes Maggi noodles production at all plants in India : The Hindu - Mobile edition |publisher=M.thehindu.com |date=2015-11-30 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> | |||
==Criticism== | |||
Nestlé has faced criticism for its advertising not adhering to marketing regulations in developed countries, and for making misleading claims in developing countries. In October 2008, Nestlé mistakenly aired a commercial meant for Bangladeshi television on British TV. The advert made false claims that the noodles would "help to build strong muscles, bone, and hair". The ] stated that the advertisement did not abide by the new ] consumer protection legislation, by which advertisers have to provide proof of health claims.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/nestle-criticised-for-child-health-claims-968404.html |title=Nestle criticised for child health claims - Business News, Business - The Independent |publisher=Web.archive.org |date= |accessdate=2016-01-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612025352/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/nestle-criticised-for-child-health-claims-968404.html |archivedate=12 June 2010 }}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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* {{cite news|title=How Maggi noodles became an iconic Indian snack|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33002261|work=BBC News|date=4 June 2015}} | * {{cite news|title=How Maggi noodles became an iconic Indian snack|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33002261|work=BBC News|date=4 June 2015}} | ||
* | * | ||
{{Nestlé}} | {{Nestlé}} | ||
{{Noodle}} | {{Noodle}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 23:17, 11 January 2025
International food brandThis article contains promotional content. Please help improve it by removing promotional language and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a neutral point of view. (October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Company type | Food |
---|---|
Founded | 1886; 139 years ago (1886) |
Founder | Julius Maggi |
Headquarters | Switzerland |
Parent | Nestlé |
Website | nestle.com/maggi |
Maggi (German: [ˈmaɡi] , Italian: [ˈmaddʒi]) is an international brand of seasonings, instant soups, and noodles that originated in Switzerland in the late 19th century. The Maggi company was acquired by Nestlé in 1947.
History
Early history
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
In 1869, Julius Maggi (1846–1912) took over his father's mill business in Kemptthal, Switzerland. Under his leadership, the business developed into one of the pioneers of industrial food production, with the aim of improving the diet of working-class families through better nutrient supply and faster preparation.
In 1882, at a meeting of the Swiss "Common Good Society" (Gemeinnützigen Gesellschaft), the doctor and factory inspector Fridolin Schuler spoke about the miserable nutritional situation of the factory workers: women workers no longer had enough time to cook for their families; cold meals or alcohol often replaced warm meals; meals were served in factory canteens and were cheap but not sufficiently nutritious. The consequences were malnutrition, stomach diseases, and high infant mortality. Schuler advocated for diets based on high-protein, easily digestible pulses/legumes. He demanded that such meals should be offered to the economic class in a convenient form for quick preparation and at a low price. The society turned to the Maggi company, among others.
Julius Maggi experimented for two years with different methods of mechanical and chemical processing of legumes and different mixtures. The results were presented to the representatives of the Society on 19 November 1884. They approved the results and signed a contract to exclusively recommend Maggi's legumes for a period of three years. Maggi, in turn, guaranteed a fixed price and regular product controls for sales in Switzerland. However, the Society was accused of representing the interests of a private company. The Maggi company, on the other hand, had difficulties challenging other suppliers of soup powder on the market, despite support from the Society.
Since 1884, Maggi has been offering flour made from protein-rich legumes, which can be cooked quickly by being roasted beforehand. Maggi was the first to bring such legume meals to the market.
Expansion
In 1885, Maggi brought nine industrially produced types of legume flour onto the market. In 1885, he received the "First Class Diploma" at the Swiss Culinary Art Exhibition in Zurich. In 1886, Maggi produced acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein product industrially for the first time, producing the new "Maggi seasoning". The product combined with legume meals to make a ready-made soup as competition for the meat extract invented by Justus von Liebig. The first warehouses and branches abroad were founded, including Maggi GmbH in Singen, Germany in 1887. In order to obtain additional capital for the planned further expansion, the company was converted into a public limited company in 1889 with Julius Maggi as general director. In 1908, Maggi brought the bouillon cube onto the market, replacing the bouillon concentrate capsules.
Maggi introduced extensive social benefits that were unusual for the time, such as a canteen, workers' housing, company health insurance, widow's and old-age pensions, and no work on Saturdays, introduced in 1906. In a strike at the Singen plant in 1907, Maggi successfully mediated, accused the management of having lost "contact with the workforce" and suggested the establishment of a "workers' committee", an early form of the works council. In 1912, Maggi signed the first collective agreement in the German food industry.
Maggi lived mainly in Paris from 1902 and led the company to great success with new products in France. The sales of pasteurized milk by the "Société laitière Maggi" amounted to 60 million liters in 1912, and the sales of bouillon cubes with the name KUB amounted to 6 million units a month in 1912.
Shortly after Julius Maggi's death in 1912, the company was converted into a holding company, the Allgemeine MAGGI-Gesellschaft.
In 1933 Maggi opened a new factory for sauce production in Le Blanc-Mesnil (France); In 1940, New Milford in the USA followed as the eleventh and last factory to be founded abroad
World Wars
During World War I, Maggi was mistaken as a German company in France and accused of spying; it had to fight in public media and in court to correct this image. In 1919, the French branch was renamed SISA (Société industrielle des spécialités alimentaires).
During World War II, however, the German branch of Maggi allowed itself to be coopted into Nazi politics. In 1938 Maggi Berlin and in 1940 Maggi Singen were awarded the title of "National Socialist Model Company," after the company had already had it officially certified in 1935 that "all shareholders" as well as "all managing directors, authorized signatories, and authorized representatives were of Aryan descent." This servility of Maggi towards National Socialism is ostensibly explained by the economic interest in doing business with state or municipal institutions. In order to get such orders, Maggi had to have it confirmed again and again that it was an "Aryan company." Maggi received an exclusive supply contract for the Wehrmacht, for which it even produced a special soup. Two-thirds of Maggi production went directly or indirectly to the Wehrmacht during the war years. The company was dependent on foreign labor during these years. The number of forced laborers from Eastern Europe varied between 170 (end of 1943) and 48 (May 1945).
After World War II, the German Maggi branch was saved from confiscation and dismantling only due to the intervention of the highest authorities of the Swiss Confederation in Bern and with the support of the Red Cross. The merger with Nestlé in 1947 also served to "de-Germanize" the image of Maggi.
Recent history
In 1947, following several changes in ownership and corporate structure, Maggi's holding company merged with the Nestlé company to form Nestlé-Alimentana S.A., currently known in its francophone home base as Nestlé S.A.
The 1947 Maggi-Nestlé merger was not without its difficulties. There was strong animosity between the new management and the workforce. The negotiated wage at Maggi in Singen was questioned. Ludwig Erhard, who knew the then general director Riggenbach well, stated that "its economic policy would falter if Maggi continued to pay such high wages." The transfer of the commercial department from Berlin to Frankfurt in 1949 also triggered great skepticism among the workers' council.
The merger of Nestlé and Maggi took place over a period of several years and with the help of a specially created company called SOPAD (Société de produits alimentaires et diététiques). Completely different product ranges and distribution mechanisms had to be reconciled but ultimately proved complementary. As a new production site in Germany (in addition to Singen/Hohentwiel), Lüdinghausen in Münsterland was put into operation in 1964. In 1992, a production site was opened in Teutschenthal near Halle (Saale).
In 2002, Nestlé sold the Maggi site in Kemptthal, together with the flavouring production, to Givaudan.
Marketing
You can help expand this section with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (July 2023) Click for important translation instructions.
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By 2020, as part of the Simply Good initiative, the domestic Maggi range is to be geared more towards well-known and healthier ingredients and the salt content to be reduced.
Products
Cube
The bouillon cube or Maggi cube is a meat substitute product that was introduced in 1908.
In Germany, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Bénin, Gambia, Sénégal, Guinea, Nigeria, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Mali, Niger, and Mauritania and parts of the Middle East, Maggi cubes are an integral part of the local cuisine. In Haiti and throughout Latin America, Maggi products, especially bouillon cubes, are widely sold with some repackaging to reflect local terminology.
Seasoning sauce
In Mexico, German-speaking countries, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland and France, "Maggi" is still synonymous with Maggi-Würze (Maggi seasoning sauce), a dark, soy sauce-type hydrolysed vegetable protein-based condiment sauce. In Spain it is sold as Caldo Maggi, and in Mexico it is sold under the name Jugo Maggi.
There are a total of nine different formulations, which differ between nations and/or regions:
- Older German and Swiss Maggi use acid-hydrolyzed soy protein. Around 2006, the German product was reformulated to use enzyme-hydrolyzed wheat protein, which contains less salt. The other ingredients are monosodium glutamate, disodium inosinate, and food flavouring. European versions have generally similar taste profiles. All other versions described below are also wheat-based.
- The Chinese version, which is very common in North America, adds no MSG. Its flavour is described as more robust than the Swiss original.
- The Mexican Jugo is darker and thicker.
- Two Filipino versions exist. Maggi Savor is similar to other versions, while Maggi Savor Calamansi adds a pronounced citrus tartness.
In the German, Dutch, and Danish languages, lovage has come to be known as Maggi herb (Ger. Maggikraut, Du. maggikruid or maggiplant, Da. maggiurt), because it has an aroma similar to Maggi sauce, although lovage is not present in the sauce. This flavour of lovage is due to sotolon, whereas hydrolyzed vegetable protein contains 5-ethyl-sotolon (EHMF, "Maggi lactone").
Noodles
See also: Maggi noodles safety concerns in IndiaMaggi instant noodles are popular in Bangladesh, South Africa, Pakistan, Singapore, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives and India and are synonymous with instant noodles in most of these countries. Nestlé has a 39% market share in Malaysia, and had 90% market share in India prior to a nationwide ban by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. The ban was later lifted, but market share diminished to 53%. In Malaysia and Singapore, fried noodles made from Maggi noodles are called Maggi goreng. Maggi Instant noodles are branded as "Maggi 2 Minute Noodles" in Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and India.
In India, Maggi Masala noodles carry a green dot, meaning they are specifically formulated to serve vegetarians. However, Maggi chicken noodles carry a red triangle, indicating that they are not vegetarian. This special formulation is not available in other countries, unless imported from India.
In the Philippines, localized versions of Maggi instant noodles were sold until 2011 when the product group was recalled for suspected Salmonella contamination. It did not return to market, while Nestlé continues to sell seasoning products including the popular Maggi Magic Sarap.
Recipe mixes
Recipe mixes or so-called Fixes were introduced in Germany in 1974. The product offers the consumers an idea and a recipe to cook with two or three fresh ingredients and a Maggi mix. A complete step-by-step recipe is given on the back of the package. These products were originally launched in Germany, where they became very popular, and some Western European countries. In the 1990s, recipe mixes were introduced in Eastern Europe, particularly in Russia and Poland (under the Winiary brand), where they became a big success. Nowadays, the portfolio of recipe mixes offers consumers more than a hundred recipe ideas across different European countries.
Controversies
Heyne Verlag advertising
Heyne Verlag placed Maggi soup adverts in the body of various fictional works, including the German edition of Pyramids by Terry Pratchett. Pratchett switched publishers upon learning of this practice.
"Yo" lawsuit
In 2008, Maggi's Indian branch launched two flavors for a new "Cuppa Mania" product line, named "Masala Yo" and "Chilli Chow Yo". Moods Hospitality, which owns the "Yo! China" Chinese restaurant chain, sued Nestle for copyright infringement; Moods Hospitality initially won but Nestle appealed and was found to be not infringing in 2010, on the basis that the products were not similar enough for consumers to be confused.
Safety concerns
Main article: Maggi noodles safety concerns in IndiaIn May 2015, food safety regulators from Barabanki, a district of Uttar Pradesh, India reported that samples of Maggi 2 Minute Noodles had unexpectedly high levels of monosodium glutamate (MSG), as well as up to 17 times the permissible limit of lead. This finding led to multiple market withdrawals and investigations in India and beyond.
Nestlé maintained that the levels of MSG are naturally occurring, but agreed to remove the "No added MSG" label. Nestlé also questioned the reliability of the lead test, as no lead issues were found by health agencies in Singapore and the US. Bombay High Court agrees that the test may be unreliable, and ordered a re-test in three separate laboratories. The noodles were found safe in October 2015. In addition, Nestlé insisted that testing should be done on the product as it is eaten (as opposed to testing the "tastemaker" flavoring powder alone), but this argument was not accepted by the court.
False advertising
Nestlé has faced criticism for its advertising not adhering to marketing regulations in developed countries, and for making misleading claims in developing countries. In October 2008, Nestlé aired a commercial meant for Bangladeshi television on British TV. The advert made false claims that the noodles are rich in protein and calcium and would "help to build strong muscles, bone, and hair". The British Advertising Standards Authority stated that the advertisement did not abide by the new EU consumer protection legislation, by which advertisers have to provide proof of health claims. The product in question also did not meet British FSA thresholds for "rich in protein and calcium".
See also
References
- "Julius Maggi: The man who gave the brand its name". Hindustan Times. 3 June 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
- ^ "History of Maggi". nestle.com. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
- Reineccius (1994). Source Book of Flavours. Springer. p. 140.
- Die Erfindung des Suppenwürfel von Maggi. In: Land der Erfinder – Das Schweizer Magazin für Innovationen. 2009.
- Franz Höning: Der erste Tarifvertrag in der Maggi vor 100 Jahren – 1912. In: Singen Jahrbuch 2013. ISBN 978-3-933356-70-3, S. 213–214.
- Beim ersten Treffen der Tarifparteien erklärte Julius Maggi: „Die Ziele der Gewerkschaft decken sich mit unseren Zielen. Wir betrachten die Gewerkschaften als Pioniere des Kulturfortschritts ... Die Leitung des Maggi-Unternehmens steht nicht auf dem veralteten, patriarchalischen Standpunkte, absoluter Herr im eigenen Hause sein zu wollen. Wir haben von jeher in unseren Arbeitern und Beamten nicht Maschinen, sondern Mitarbeiter an einer gemeinsamen Aufgabe erblickt ...“ (zitiert bei Franz Höning: Der erste Tarifvertrag in der Maggi vor 100 Jahren – 1912. In: Singen Jahrbuch 2013. ISBN 978-3-933356-70-3, S. 213)
- Monique Pivot: Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub. 2002, S. 57. Maggi besiegte in Frankreich die „weiße Gefahr“ (französisch: „Péril blanc“) – so nannte man den Kindstod durch infantile Cholera nach der Einnahme von nicht pasteurisierten Milchprodukten (dazu: Monique Pivot: Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub. 2002, S. 53 ff.)
- Monique Pivot: Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub. 2002, S. 68.
- Monique Pivot: Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub. 2002, S. 107.
- Monique Pivot: Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub. 2002, S. 89–97, sowie die von der Société laitière Maggi 1921 herausgegebene Schrift Comment ont échoué les manœuvres pour la destruction des Sociétés Maggi et Kub, soit par la violence, soit par les moyens juridiques, août 1914 à fin 1920. Impr. centrale de la Bourse, Paris.
- "Swiss firms practiced forced labour in Nazi era". SWI swissinfo.ch. 29 December 2001. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
- Brigitte Matern: Geschmeidig, nüchtern, hemmungslos: Schweizer Unternehmen im Nationalsozialismus IN: WOZ. No. 51, December 18, 1997.
- "...sometimes this, sometimes that party branch or subsidiary organization of the NSDAP inquired and requested information about the character of the company on extensive questionnaires. General Director Schmidt finally went to a notary and had an affidavit drawn up on October 1, 1935." In: Willy Buschak: Die Geschichte der Maggi-Arbeiterschaft 1887–1950 1989, p. 115.
- Joachim Drews: Die "Nazi-Bohne" : Anbau, Verwendung und Auswirkung der Sojabohne im Deutschen Reich und Südosteuropa ; (1933–1945). Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7513-X, p. 183, and Monique Pivot: Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub. 2002, p. 109.
- Willy Buschak: Die Geschichte der Maggi-Arbeiterschaft 1887–1950 1989, pp. 130–132; there also precise statistics on Italian military internees and civilian workers.
- Monique Pivot: Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub. 2002, p. 109.
- "FOOD HISTORY: History of Maggi brand of Nestlé". world-foodhistory.com. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
- Willy Buschak: Die Geschichte der Maggi-Arbeiterschaft 1887–1950. 1989, S. 156.
- Willy Buschak: Die Geschichte der Maggi-Arbeitserschaft 1887–1950. 1989, p. 157ff.
- Monique Pivot: Maggi et la magie du bouillon Kub. 2002, pp. 110–111.
- Robert Hufnagel, Helmut Dienert: Die Maggifabrik in Singen am Hohentwiel. 1997, pp. 24 and 28.
- André Müller (15 August 2019). "Maggi-Areal in Kemptthal: The Valley is slowly taking shape". nzz.ch. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- "▷ Simply Good: Maggi bringt schmackhaftere und gesündere Alternativen in die Küchen | Presseportal". 28 April 2019. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
- Albala, Ken (2011). Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. p. 166. ISBN 9780313376276. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- ^ "Seasoning Sauce | Maggi® | Brands & Offers | Nestlé Recipes". ElMejorNido.com. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- "Maggi Seasoning: What It Is & How to Use It | Cook's Illustrated". www.americastestkitchen.com.
- "Maggi Seasoning Sauce". CooksInfo.
- "MAGGI Würze 125 g". Maggi.de (in German).
- ^ Makalintal, Bettina (28 September 2022). "Maggi Seasoning Is Best When It's (Kind of) a Secret". Eater.
- Blank, Imre; Schieberle, Peter (July 1993). "Analysis of the seasoning-like flavour substances of a commercial lovage extract (Levisticum officinale Koch.)". Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 8 (4): 191–195. doi:10.1002/ffj.2730080405.
- "Noodles in Malaysia". Euromonitor.com. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- "Noodles in India". Euromonitor.com. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- "MAGGI 2 Minute Noodles Chicken – 2 Minute Noodles – MAGGI Australia". maggi.com.au. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- "MAGGI 2 Minute Noodles". maggi.in. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
- "Maggi controversy: It's a wake-up call for Indian consumers | columns". Hindustan Times. 6 June 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- "Maggi noodles recalled over salmonella scare". ABS-CBN News. 5 May 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- "Nestle recalls Maggi noodles due to salmonella contamination". ABS-CBN News. 5 May 2011. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- "HEYNE COVERS". www.colinsmythe.co.uk. 20 October 2007. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - "The significance of "Yo!"". The myLaw Blog. 24 December 2011. Archived from the original on 11 March 2017.
- Bhushan, Ratna (6 June 2008). "Yo! Maggi Cuppa Mania lands in a soup". The Economic Times.
- "Nestlé triumphs in a dispute over the use of exclamation 'Yo!'". www.worldtrademarkreview.com.
- Najar, Nida (5 June 2015). "Nestlé Pulls Maggi Noodles From Shelves Across India". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
- "We Will Remove No MSG from the Maggi Noodles Label: Nestles Global CEO – NDTV Food". Food.ndtv.com. 6 June 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- "Maggi clears Bombay HC mandated lab tests: [Nestle] India". The Indian Express. 17 October 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- Rohan Venkataramakrishnan (5 June 2015). "Nestlé's defense: It is only real (lead-free) Maggi when the noodles and masala are boiled in water". Scroll.in. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- "Nestle criticized for child health claims – Business News, Business – The Independent". Independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
External links
- "How Maggi noodles became an iconic Indian snack". BBC News. 4 June 2015.
- Nestle Global Website
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