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{{about|the city}}
{{distinguish|Urdu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
|settlement_type=] | settlement_type = City
| subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Turkey | subdivision_name = {{flag|Turkey}}
| timezone = ] | timezone = ]
| utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset = +3
| timezone_DST = ] | official_name = Ordu
| image_skyline = {{multiple image|total_width=280px|perrow=1/2/2/2|border=infobox
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| official_name = Ordu | image1 = Ordu, Turkey.JPG
| image_skyline = Ordu, Turkey.JPG | alt1 =
| image2 = Taşbaşı Kilise'sinin genel görünümü.jpg
| image_caption = View of Ordu from Boztepe hill
| imagesize = 250px | alt2 =
| image3 = Orducitycenter.jpg
| image_blank_emblem = Ordu Emblem.jpg
| blank_emblem_type = Emblem of Ordu | alt3 =
| image4 = OrduSeaside.jpg
| subdivision_type1 = ]
| alt4 =
| subdivision_name1 = ]
| image5 = Ordu Boztepe Ropeway, „Batumi“ cabin.JPG
| subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = Ordu | alt5 =
| area_footnotes = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}} | image6 = Yason Kilisesi, Ordu, 2023.jpg
| area_blank1_title = District | alt6 =
| area_blank1_km2 = {{Turkey district areas|Ordu|Ordu}} | image7 =
| alt7 =
| population_footnotes = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Ordu}}
}}
| population_urban = {{Turkey district populations|Ordu|Ordu|şehir}}
| image_caption = From top:View from Boztepe,Tasbasi Church,Ordu city center,Ordu seaside,Ordu Boztepe Ropeway,Iason Church
| population_as_of = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}}
| imagesize =
| population_blank1_title = District
| image_blank_emblem =
| population_blank1 = {{Turkey district populations|Ordu|Ordu|toplam}}
| blank_emblem_type = Emblem of Ordu
| population_density_blank1_km2 = auto
| blank1_name = ] | subdivision_type1 = ]
| blank1_info = ] | subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 = ]
|elevation_m = 5
| subdivision_name2 = ]
|pushpin_map = Turkey
| population_footnotes = <ref name=citypop>{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/turkey/ordu/alt%C4%B1nordu/1903__ordu/|title=Ordu|website=citypopulation.de|access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref>
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Ordu within Turkey
| population_urban = 235.096
|pushpin_mapsize = 250px
| population_as_of = 2023
|coordinates = {{coord|40|59|N|37|53|E|display=inline,title}}
| blank1_name = ]
|postal_code_type=]
| blank1_info = ]
|postal_code = 52xxx
| elevation_m = 5
|area_code = 0452
| pushpin_map = Turkey#Black Sea#Europe
|blank_info = 52|blank_name=]|
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Ordu within Turkey
|leader_title = Mayor
| pushpin_mapsize = 250px
|leader_name = Enver Yılmaz
| coordinates = {{coord|40|59|N|37|53|E|display=inline,title}}
|leader_party = ]
| postal_code_type = ]
|website =
| postal_code = 52xxx
| area_code = 0452
| blank_info = 52
| blank_name = ]|
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = ]
| leader_party = ]
| website =
| name =
}} }}


'''Ordu''' ({{IPA-tr|ˈoɾdu}}) is a port city on the ] coast of ], historically also known as '''Cotyora''' or '''Kotyora''', and the capital of ''']''' with a population of 213,582 in the city center. The city is the world's largest ] producer. While ] is the main source of the economy, the city has developed small-sized industries and a rapidly growing tourism sector in recent years. '''Ordu''' ({{IPA|tr|ˈoɾdu}}) or '''Altınordu''' is a port city on the ] coast of ] and the capital of ]. The city forms the urban part of the ] district, with a population of 235,096 in 2023.<ref name=citypop/>


==History== ==Name==
Kotyora, the original name of the city is a legacy of indigenous ]. The name is allegedly composed of an old ] word for pottery ('Koto', similar to ] 'Koto', ] 'Kotani' and Laz 'Katana') and a common ] suffix indicating belonging ('Uri'). In ] (aka Colchian) Kotyora means a place where pottery is made.<ref>Özhan Öztürk. Pontus, Antikçağ'dan Günümüze Karadeniz'in Etnik ve Siyasi Tarihi, Genesis Yayınları. Ankara 2011, S.492</ref> This point is supported with several other Kartvelian place names existing in the region as well as the region itself historically being known as ] (Djani being another name for Laz).<ref>Özhan Öztürk. Pontus, Antikçağ'dan Günümüze Karadeniz'in Etnik ve Siyasi Tarihi. Genesis Yayınları. Ankara 2011. S.566</ref> The city was also historically known as ''Cotyora'' or ''Kotyora'' ({{langx|pnt|Κοτύωρα}}).
]
]
]
]


The contemporary name of Ordu meaning 'army camp' in ] was adopted during the Ottoman Empire because of an army outpost being located near the present day city.
In the 8th century BC, Cotyora (Κοτύωρα) was founded by the ] as one of a string of ] along the ] coast. ]'s '']'' relates that the ] rested there for 45 days before embarking for home.<ref name="pw">

Olshausen, Eckart, "Cotyora" in ''Brill’s New Pauly, Antiquity'' {{doi|10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e621460}}</ref><ref>''Anabasis'' V.5.3f</ref><ref name="eb11">'']'', ''s.v.'' Ordu</ref> ] also mentions it.<ref>XII.3.17</ref> Under ], Cotyora was united in a '']'' with ].<ref name="pw"/>
==History==
], in the '']'' (131 CE), describes it as a village "and not a large one."<ref>16.3 Translated in ''Arrian: Periplus Ponti Euxini'', edited and translated by Aidan Liddle (London: Bristol Classical Press, 2003), p. 75</ref>
]
]
In the 8th century BC, Cotyora (Κοτύωρα) was founded by the ] as one of a string of ] along the ] coast. ] wrote that it was a colony of the ].<ref></ref>
]'s '']'' relates that the ] rested there for 45 days before embarking for home.<ref name="pw">
Olshausen, Eckart, "Cotyora" in ''Brill's New Pauly, Antiquity'' {{doi|10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e621460}}</ref><ref>''Anabasis'' V.5.3f</ref><ref name="eb11">'']'', ''s.v.'' Ordu</ref> ] also mentions it.<ref>XII.3.17</ref> Under ], Cotyora was united in a '']'' with ].<ref name="pw"/>
], in the '']'' (131 CE), describes it as a village "and not a large one."<ref>16.3 Translated in ''Arrian: Periplus Ponti Euxini'', edited and translated by Aidan Liddle (London: Bristol Classical Press, 2003), p. 75</ref> ] mentioned that it was also called Cytora (Κύτωρα).<ref></ref>


The area came under the control of the ], then the ] in 1214 and 1228, and the Hacıemiroğulları Beylik in 1346. Afterwards, it passed to the dominion of the ] in 1461 along with the ].<ref> </ref> The area came under the control of the ], then the ] in 1214 and 1228, and the Hacıemiroğulları Beylik in 1346. Afterwards, it passed to the dominion of the ] in 1461 along with the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.karalahana.com/karadeniz/ordu-tarihi.htm |title=Ordu ili tarihi |website=www.karalahana.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513134407/http://www.karalahana.com/karadeniz/ordu-tarihi.htm |archive-date=13 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


The modern city was founded by the Ottomans as '''Bayramlı''' near Eskipazar as a military outpost {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=on}} west of Ordu. The modern city was founded by the Ottomans as '''Bayramlı''' near Eskipazar as a military outpost {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=on}} west of Ordu.


In 1869, the city's name was changed to Ordu and it was united with the districts of Bolaman, Perşembe, Ulubey, Hansamana (Gölköy), and Aybastı. At the turn of the 20th century, the city was more than half Christian (Greek and Armenian), and was known for its Greek schools.<ref name="eb11"/> In 1869, the city's name was changed to Ordu and it was united with the districts of ], ], ], Hansamana (]), and ]. At the turn of the 20th century, the city was more than half Christian (Greek and Armenian), and was known for its Greek schools.<ref name="eb11"/>


On 17 April 1920, Ordu province was created by separating from ].<ref> </ref> On 4 April 1921, Ordu province was created by separating from ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.karalahana.com/karadeniz/ordu.htm |title=Karadeniz Ansiklopedisi: Ordu maddesi |website=www.karalahana.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050507120833/http://www.karalahana.com/karadeniz/ordu.htm |archive-date=7 May 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Ordu today== ==Archaeology==

]
In 2016, archaeologist discovered a marble statue of ]. In 2018, at the same site, they also discovered sculptures of ] and ].<ref></ref> In 2021, archaeologists complained because a stone quarry used dynamite destroying some of the rock tombs.<ref></ref>
]

]
In December 2021, archaeologists announced 1600 year-old eight tombs in the Kurtulus district of Ordu. Researchers also uncovered human and animal remains, many pieces of jewelry made of ], sardine stone, ], ], and ], a glass bottle and beads.<ref>{{Cite web|title=4th-century tombs unearthed near Turkey's Black Sea coast|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/4th-century-tombs-unearthed-near-turkeys-black-sea-coast/2456773|access-date=19 February 2022|website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=1,600-Year-Old Tombs Uncovered in Northern Turkey - Archaeology Magazine|url=https://www.archaeology.org/news/10262-220103-black-sea-tombs#:~:text=1,600-Year-Old%20Tombs%20Uncovered%20in%20Northern%20Turkey%20-%20Archaeology%20Magazine&text=ORDU,%20TURKEY%E2%80%94The%20Anadolu%20Agency,northern%20Turkey%27s%20Black%20Sea%20coast.|access-date=19 February 2022|website=www.archaeology.org}}</ref> In the same area researchers unearthed a ] monastery church and they determined it was dedicated to the ] and his mother ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archeologists discover Byzantine abbey in Ordu|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/archeologists-discover-byzantine-abbey-in-ordu-186812|access-date=6 October 2023|website=www.hurriyetdailynews.org}}</ref>

== Ordu today ==
]
The ''Sağra'' factory shop, selling many varieties of chocolate-covered hazelnuts, is one of the town's attractions. The ''Sağra'' factory shop, selling many varieties of chocolate-covered hazelnuts, is one of the town's attractions.


The ] is another popular attraction which is set to become a modern symbol for the city. The ] is another popular attraction which is set to become a modern symbol for the city.


Local music is typical of the Black Sea region, including the ]. The cuisine is primarily based on local vegetables and includes both typical Turkish dishes &mdash; such as ] and ] &mdash; and more interesting fare such as plain or caramel 'burnt ice-cream'. Local music is typical of the Black Sea region, including the ]. The cuisine is primarily based on local vegetables and includes both typical Turkish dishes — such as ] and ] — and more interesting fare such as plain or caramel 'burnt ice-cream'.


==Economy== ==Economy==
Ordu is one of the provinces where hazelnuts are grown the most in Turkey.<ref>{{Cite news|work=Gazete Banka|date=21 November 2021|title=Döviz düşerken fındık fiyatı da düştü|url=https://gazetebanka.com/doviz-duserken-findik-fiyati-da-dustu/11369/|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref> Ordu is famous for hazelnuts, producing about 25 percent of the worldwide crop. The province relies on the crop for up to 80% of its economic activity.
As of 1920, Ordu was one of the few producers of white ]s, which were exported to Europe.<ref name=Prothero62>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=W.G.|title=Armenia and Kurdistan|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=62|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11768/view/1/62/}}</ref> Ordu also had ] plantations for ].<ref name=Prothero64>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=W.G.|title=Armenia and Kurdistan|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=64|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11768/view/1/64/}}</ref>
Turkey as a whole produces about 75 percent of the world's hazelnuts.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schwartzstein |first1=Peter |title=This small Turkish town grows a quarter of the world's hazelnuts |url=https://qz.com/483551/this-small-turkish-town-grows-a-quarter-of-the-worlds-hazelnuts/ |website=Quartz |access-date=7 March 2020 |language=en |date=22 August 2015}}</ref> As of 1920, Ordu was one of the few producers of white ]s, which were exported to Europe.<ref name=Prothero62>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=W.G.|title=Armenia and Kurdistan|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=62|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11768/view/1/62/}}</ref> Ordu also had ] plantations for ].<ref name=Prothero64>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=W.G.|title=Armenia and Kurdistan|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=64|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11768/view/1/64/}}</ref> Today, the city is partially industrialized and a member of the ] with its 7 companies.

The city is world's largest ] producer and home to Turkey's 50% of ] production. Today the city is the centre of a large ] processing industry, including ''Sağra'',<ref></ref> chocolate and hazelnut manufacturer and the largest hazelnut exporter in ] and ''Fiskobirlik'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiskobirlik.org.tr|title=Fiskobirlik Genel Müdürlüğü - Resmi İnternet Sitesi|website=Fiskobirlik.org|accessdate=25 May 2015}}</ref> the largest hazelnut co-operative brand in the world.


==Places of interest== ==Places of interest==
* Paşaoğlu Konağı and Ethnographic museum - a ethnographic museum. * Paşaoğlu Konağı and Ethnographic museum – an ethnographic museum.
* Taşbaşı Cultural Centre - a cultural centre * Taşbaşı Cultural Centre – a cultural centre
* ] - a hill of {{convert|550|m|ft|abbr=on}} overlooking the town from the west. Since June 2012, an ] system provides an easy way of transportation between the city's coastline and the hilltop. The ] can transport hourly 900 passengers up to the hilltop in 6.5 minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leitner-ropeways.com/en/company/references/gd8-ordu-boztepe-714/|title=GD8 Ordu-Boztepe - References - Company - LEITNER ropeways|website=Leitner-ropeways.com|access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.erzurumflas.com/tatilden-dersler-aldik.html |newspaper=Erzurum Flaş |title=Tatilden dersler aldık |date=2013-08-27 |language=Turkish |accessdate=2013-11-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113142652/http://www.erzurumflas.com/tatilden-dersler-aldik.html |archivedate=2013-11-13 |df= }}</ref> * ] – a hill of {{convert|550|m|ft|abbr=on}} overlooking the town from the west. Since June 2012, an ] system provides an easy way of transportation between the city's coastline and the hilltop. The ] can transport hourly 900 passengers up to the hilltop in 6.5 minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leitner-ropeways.com/en/company/references/gd8-ordu-boztepe-714/|title=GD8 Ordu-Boztepe – References – Company – LEITNER ropeways|website=Leitner-ropeways.com|access-date=14 September 2016|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329051806/https://www.leitner-ropeways.com/en/company/references/gd8-ordu-boztepe-714/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.erzurumflas.com/tatilden-dersler-aldik.html |newspaper=Erzurum Flaş |title=Tatilden dersler aldık |date=27 August 2013 |language=tr |access-date=13 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113142652/http://www.erzurumflas.com/tatilden-dersler-aldik.html |archive-date=13 November 2013 }}</ref>
* Old Houses of Ordu in the old city center * Old Houses of Ordu in the old city center
* Yalı Camii, also called Aziziye Camii - a mosque * Yalı Camii, also called Aziziye Camii – a mosque
* Atik İbrahim Paşa Camii, also called Orta Cami - a mosque built in 1770 * Atik İbrahim Paşa Camii, also called Orta Cami – a mosque built in 1770
* Eski Pazar Camii - a mosque with adjoining Turkish baths * Eski Pazar Camii – a mosque with adjoining Turkish baths
* Efirli Camii - a mosque * Efirli Camii – a mosque
* ] is an ] and a small peninsula facing the sea. Its name is derived from the ] leader ] of the ].


==Sports== ==Sports==
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{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey}} {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey}}


===Twin towns — sister cities===
Ordu is ] with: Ordu is ] with:
]


*{{flagicon|GEO}} ], ], since 2000<ref name="Batumi twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5|title=Batumi - Twin Towns & Sister Cities|accessdate=2013-08-10|work=Batumi City Hall|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504220350/http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5|archivedate=2012-05-04}}</ref> *{{flagicon|GEO}} ], ], since 2000<ref name="Batumi twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5|title=Batumi – Twin Towns & Sister Cities|access-date=10 August 2013|work=Batumi City Hall|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504220350/http://www.batumi.ge/en/?page=show&sec=5|archive-date=4 May 2012}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|AZE}} ], Azerbaijan<ref name="Azerbaijan twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_1719_en.html|title=Twin-cities of Azerbaijan|accessdate=2013-08-09|work=Azerbaijans.com}}</ref> *{{flagicon|AZE}} ], Azerbaijan<ref name="Azerbaijan twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_1719_en.html|title=Twin-cities of Azerbaijan|access-date=9 August 2013|work=Azerbaijans.com}}</ref>


==Climate== ==Climate==
Ordu has a ] (]: ''Cfa''), like most of the eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey, with warm and humid summers and cool and damp winters. Ordu has a high and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. Precipitation is heaviest in autumn and spring. Ordu has a ] (]: ''Cfa,'' ]: ''Cf''), like most of the eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey. It experiences warm summers, cool winters, and plentiful precipitation throughout the year, which is heaviest in autumn and winter.


]fall is quite common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two, and it can be heavy once it snows. ]fall is occasional between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two, and it can be heavy once it snows.


The water temperature, like in the rest of the Black Sea coast of Turkey, is always cool and fluctuates between {{convert|8|and|20|C|F}} throughout the year. The water temperature, like in the rest of the Black Sea coast of Turkey, is always cool and fluctuates between {{convert|8|and|20|C|F}} throughout the year.


{{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Ordu {{Weather box
|metric first= Yes
|single line= Yes
|location= Ordu (1991–2020, extremes 1959–2023)
|Jan high C= 10.9
|Feb high C= 10.9 |Jan record high C = 25.8
|Mar high C= 12.0 |Feb record high C = 28.3
|Apr high C= 15.2 |Mar record high C = 32.8
|May high C= 19.8 |Apr record high C = 36.8
|Jun high C= 24.0 |May record high C = 35.6
|Jul high C= 26.7 |Jun record high C = 37.3
|Aug high C= 27.3 |Jul record high C = 37.1
|Sep high C= 24.3 |Aug record high C = 36.3
|Oct high C= 20.2 |Sep record high C = 36.4
|Nov high C= 16.4 |Oct record high C = 34.2
|Dec high C= 13.0 |Nov record high C = 32.4
|Jan mean C= 6.8 |Dec record high C = 29.7
|Feb mean C= 6.8 |year record high C = 37.3
|Mar mean C= 8.0 |Jan high C = 11.2
|Apr mean C= 11.4 |Feb high C = 11.4
|May mean C= 15.7 |Mar high C = 12.8
|Jun mean C= 20.4 |Apr high C = 15.4
|Jul mean C= 23.0 |May high C = 19.8
|Aug mean C= 23.2 |Jun high C = 24.8
|Sep mean C= 20.0 |Jul high C = 27.7
|Oct mean C= 15.9 |Aug high C = 28.5
|Nov mean C= 11.8 |Sep high C = 25.2
|Dec mean C= 8.8 |Oct high C = 21.1
|Jan low C= 3.8 |Nov high C = 16.7
|Feb low C= 3.8 |Dec high C = 13.2
|Mar low C= 5.1 |year high C = 19.0
|Apr low C= 8.3 |Jan mean C = 7.3
|May low C= 12.4 |Feb mean C = 7.2
|Jun low C= 16.5 |Mar mean C = 8.7
|Jul low C= 19.4 |Apr mean C = 11.5
|Aug low C= 19.8 |May mean C = 16.1
|Sep low C= 16.7 |Jun mean C = 21.0
|Oct low C= 12.9 |Jul mean C = 23.9
|Nov low C= 8.7 |Aug mean C = 24.5
|Dec low C= 5.8 |Sep mean C = 21.0
|Jan precipitation mm = 94.8 |Oct mean C = 17.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 78.7 |Nov mean C = 12.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 77.9 |Dec mean C = 9.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 69.6 |year mean C = 15.0
|May precipitation mm = 54.6 |Jan low C = 4.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 75.9 |Feb low C = 4.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 63.2 |Mar low C = 5.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 68.5 |Apr low C = 8.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 79.4 |May low C = 13.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 133.4 |Jun low C = 17.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 127.0 |Jul low C = 20.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 112.1 |Aug low C = 21.1
|Sep low C = 17.6
|Oct low C = 13.9
|Nov low C = 9.1
|Dec low C = 6.2
|year low C = 11.8
|Jan record low C = -7.2
|Feb record low C = -6.7
|Mar record low C = -4.7
|Apr record low C = -1.4
|May record low C = 3.4
|Jun record low C = 8.4
|Jul record low C = 12.6
|Aug record low C = 13.0
|Sep record low C = 8.2
|Oct record low C = 2.5
|Nov record low C = -1.5
|Dec record low C = -3.2
|year record low C = -7.2
|Jan precipitation mm = 108.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 84.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 86.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 66.5
|May precipitation mm = 61.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 70.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 58.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 67.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 88.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 134.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 128.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 109.2
|year precipitation mm = 1066.0
|precipitation colour = green |precipitation colour = green
|Jan rain days= 14.1 |Jan precipitation days = 15.03
|Feb rain days= 13.9 |Feb precipitation days = 14.13
|Mar rain days= 15.3 |Mar precipitation days = 16.63
|Apr rain days= 14.7 |Apr precipitation days = 14.37
|May rain days= 13.2 |May precipitation days = 13.63
|Jun rain days= 11.1 |Jun precipitation days = 11.37
|Jul rain days= 9.6 |Jul precipitation days = 9.63
|Aug rain days= 9.8 |Aug precipitation days = 9.80
|Sep rain days= 11.9 |Sep precipitation days = 12.63
|Oct rain days= 14.2 |Oct precipitation days = 15.07
|Nov rain days= 13.1 |Nov precipitation days = 13.07
|Dec rain days= 14.5 |Dec precipitation days = 14.70
|year precipitation days = 160.1
|Jan sun= 77.5
|Feb sun= 81.2 |Jan humidity=66.8
|Feb humidity=67.8
|Mar sun= 105.4
|Mar humidity=70.9
|Apr sun= 129
|Apr humidity=73.7
|May sun= 173.6
|May humidity=74.8
|Jun sun= 213
|Jun humidity=71.1
|Jul sun= 192.2
|Jul humidity=70.5
|Aug sun= 195.3
|Aug humidity=70.9
|Sep sun= 156
|Sep humidity=71.6
|Oct sun= 127.1
|Oct humidity=73.4
|Nov sun= 99
|Dec sun= 74.4 |Nov humidity=69.0
|Dec humidity=66.7
|source 1 = Turkish State Meteorological Service<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme_z16/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=ORDU#sfB
|year humidity=70.6
| title = Ordu
|Jan sun = 71.3
| accessdate = September 1, 2016
|Feb sun = 84.8
| publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service
|Mar sun = 99.2
|date=September 12, 2016}}</ref>}}
|Apr sun = 135.0
|May sun = 170.5
|Jun sun = 195.0
|Jul sun = 189.1
|Aug sun = 186.0
|Sep sun = 150.0
|Oct sun = 120.9
|Nov sun = 102.0
|Dec sun = 68.2
|year sun =
|Jand sun = 2.3
|Febd sun = 3.0
|Mard sun = 3.2
|Aprd sun = 4.5
|Mayd sun = 5.5
|Jund sun = 6.5
|Juld sun = 6.1
|Augd sun = 6.0
|Sepd sun = 5.0
|Octd sun = 3.9
|Novd sun = 3.4
|Decd sun = 2.2
|yeard sun = 4.3
|source 1 = ]<ref name = TSMS>{{cite web
| url = https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=ORDU
| title = Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)
| publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service
| language = tr
| access-date = 3 October 2023}}</ref>
|source 2 = ] (humidity)<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Bursa_17116.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Bursa
| publisher = ] |format=CSV
| access-date = 2 August 2023}}</ref>
}}

== Notable people from Ordu ==
*] – singer
*] – politician who is a former ]
*] – actor
*] - politician
*] – politician who was ] and current mayor of the ].
*] – politician
*] – ] politician and old ] mayor.
*] – ] at ] ]
*] – musician
*] – footballer

==Mayors Of Ordu metropolitan municipality==
{{See also|Mayor|Metropolitan municipality}}
*]-] and ]-] ] ], ], ]
*]-] Fikret Türkyılmaz ], ]
*]-] ] ], ]
*]-] ] ]
*]-] Engin Tekintaş ]
* ]-] ] ]


==People from Ordu== == Sport In Ordu ==
* ]
*] - politician who is a former Minister for Culture and Tourism.
*] - film actor. * ]
* ]
*] - politician who was Minister of Energy and Natural Resources
*] - politician who represented Ordu
*] - writer and activist
*] - politician representing Ordu
*] - folk musician
*] - folk musician
*] - former military commander
*] - musician
*]- Ottoman-Greek businessman founder and president of the Standard Commercial Tobacco Company<ref> May 25, 1964, NY Times archives</ref>


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* *
* *
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{{Districts of Turkey|provname=Ordu}} {{Districts of Turkey|provname=Ordu}}
{{Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey}} {{Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey}}

{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}


]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 18:17, 2 January 2025

This article is about the city. For other uses, see Ordu (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Urdu.

City in Black Sea, Turkey
Ordu
City
From top:View from Boztepe,Tasbasi Church,Ordu city center,Ordu seaside,Ordu Boztepe Ropeway,Iason Church
Ordu is located in TurkeyOrduOrduLocation of Ordu within TurkeyShow map of TurkeyOrdu is located in Black SeaOrduOrduOrdu (Black Sea)Show map of Black SeaOrdu is located in EuropeOrduOrduOrdu (Europe)Show map of Europe
Coordinates: 40°59′N 37°53′E / 40.983°N 37.883°E / 40.983; 37.883
Country Turkey
RegionBlack Sea
ProvinceOrdu
Government
 • MayorMehmet Hilmi Güler (AK Party)
Elevation5 m (16 ft)
Population
 • Urban235.096
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code52xxx
Area code0452
Licence plate52
ClimateCfa

Ordu (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈoɾdu]) or Altınordu is a port city on the Black Sea coast of Turkey and the capital of Ordu Province. The city forms the urban part of the Altınordu district, with a population of 235,096 in 2023.

Name

Kotyora, the original name of the city is a legacy of indigenous Colchians. The name is allegedly composed of an old Laz language word for pottery ('Koto', similar to Mingrelian 'Koto', Georgian 'Kotani' and Laz 'Katana') and a common Kartvelian suffix indicating belonging ('Uri'). In Zan (aka Colchian) Kotyora means a place where pottery is made. This point is supported with several other Kartvelian place names existing in the region as well as the region itself historically being known as Djanik (Djani being another name for Laz). The city was also historically known as Cotyora or Kotyora (Pontic: Κοτύωρα).

The contemporary name of Ordu meaning 'army camp' in Ottoman Turkish was adopted during the Ottoman Empire because of an army outpost being located near the present day city.

History

The city during the Ottoman era
Ordu coast and Boztepe hill

In the 8th century BC, Cotyora (Κοτύωρα) was founded by the Miletians as one of a string of colonies along the Black Sea coast. Diodorus Siculus wrote that it was a colony of the Sinopians. Xenophon's Anabasis relates that the Ten Thousand rested there for 45 days before embarking for home. Strabo also mentions it. Under Pharnaces I of Pontus, Cotyora was united in a synoikismos with Cerasus. Arrian, in the Periplus of the Euxine Sea (131 CE), describes it as a village "and not a large one." Suda mentioned that it was also called Cytora (Κύτωρα).

The area came under the control of the Danishmends, then the Seljuk Turks in 1214 and 1228, and the Hacıemiroğulları Beylik in 1346. Afterwards, it passed to the dominion of the Ottomans in 1461 along with the Empire of Trebizond.

The modern city was founded by the Ottomans as Bayramlı near Eskipazar as a military outpost 5 km (3 mi) west of Ordu.

In 1869, the city's name was changed to Ordu and it was united with the districts of Bolaman, Perşembe, Ulubey, Hansamana (Gölköy), and Aybastı. At the turn of the 20th century, the city was more than half Christian (Greek and Armenian), and was known for its Greek schools.

On 4 April 1921, Ordu province was created by separating from Trebizond Vilayet.

Archaeology

In 2016, archaeologist discovered a marble statue of Cybele. In 2018, at the same site, they also discovered sculptures of Pan and Dionysus. In 2021, archaeologists complained because a stone quarry used dynamite destroying some of the rock tombs.

In December 2021, archaeologists announced 1600 year-old eight tombs in the Kurtulus district of Ordu. Researchers also uncovered human and animal remains, many pieces of jewelry made of gold, sardine stone, silver, glass, and bronze, a glass bottle and beads. In the same area researchers unearthed a Byzantine monastery church and they determined it was dedicated to the Emperor Constantine and his mother Helena.

Ordu today

Old houses in Taşbaşı/Altınordu.

The Sağra factory shop, selling many varieties of chocolate-covered hazelnuts, is one of the town's attractions.

The Boztepe aerial tramway is another popular attraction which is set to become a modern symbol for the city.

Local music is typical of the Black Sea region, including the kemençe. The cuisine is primarily based on local vegetables and includes both typical Turkish dishes — such as pide and kebab — and more interesting fare such as plain or caramel 'burnt ice-cream'.

Economy

Ordu is one of the provinces where hazelnuts are grown the most in Turkey. Ordu is famous for hazelnuts, producing about 25 percent of the worldwide crop. The province relies on the crop for up to 80% of its economic activity. Turkey as a whole produces about 75 percent of the world's hazelnuts. As of 1920, Ordu was one of the few producers of white green beans, which were exported to Europe. Ordu also had mulberry tree plantations for sericulture. Today, the city is partially industrialized and a member of the Anatolian Tigers with its 7 companies.

Places of interest

  • Paşaoğlu Konağı and Ethnographic museum – an ethnographic museum.
  • Taşbaşı Cultural Centre – a cultural centre
  • Boztepe – a hill of 550 m (1,800 ft) overlooking the town from the west. Since June 2012, an aerial lift system provides an easy way of transportation between the city's coastline and the hilltop. The Ordu Boztepe Gondola can transport hourly 900 passengers up to the hilltop in 6.5 minutes.
  • Old Houses of Ordu in the old city center
  • Yalı Camii, also called Aziziye Camii – a mosque
  • Atik İbrahim Paşa Camii, also called Orta Cami – a mosque built in 1770
  • Eski Pazar Camii – a mosque with adjoining Turkish baths
  • Efirli Camii – a mosque
  • Cape Jason is an Archaeological site and a small peninsula facing the sea. Its name is derived from the Mythological leader Jason of the Argonauts.

Sports

The city is the home of the Orduspor football club. Its base is the 19 Eylül Stadium in the heart of the city. Orduspor football team has played in the Super League of Turkey several seasons. The club also has a basketball team.

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey

Ordu is twinned with:

Taşbaşı Church during the winter.

Climate

Ordu has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), like most of the eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey. It experiences warm summers, cool winters, and plentiful precipitation throughout the year, which is heaviest in autumn and winter.

Snowfall is occasional between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two, and it can be heavy once it snows.

The water temperature, like in the rest of the Black Sea coast of Turkey, is always cool and fluctuates between 8 and 20 °C (46 and 68 °F) throughout the year.

Climate data for Ordu (1991–2020, extremes 1959–2023)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25.8
(78.4) 		28.3
(82.9) 		32.8
(91.0) 		36.8
(98.2) 		35.6
(96.1) 		37.3
(99.1) 		37.1
(98.8) 		36.3
(97.3) 		36.4
(97.5) 		34.2
(93.6) 		32.4
(90.3) 		29.7
(85.5) 		37.3
(99.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 11.2
(52.2) 		11.4
(52.5) 		12.8
(55.0) 		15.4
(59.7) 		19.8
(67.6) 		24.8
(76.6) 		27.7
(81.9) 		28.5
(83.3) 		25.2
(77.4) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		13.2
(55.8) 		19.0
(66.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1) 		7.2
(45.0) 		8.7
(47.7) 		11.5
(52.7) 		16.1
(61.0) 		21.0
(69.8) 		23.9
(75.0) 		24.5
(76.1) 		21.0
(69.8) 		17.0
(62.6) 		12.3
(54.1) 		9.1
(48.4) 		15.0
(59.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.4
(39.9) 		4.2
(39.6) 		5.7
(42.3) 		8.5
(47.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		17.4
(63.3) 		20.4
(68.7) 		21.1
(70.0) 		17.6
(63.7) 		13.9
(57.0) 		9.1
(48.4) 		6.2
(43.2) 		11.8
(53.2)
Record low °C (°F) −7.2
(19.0) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		3.4
(38.1) 		8.4
(47.1) 		12.6
(54.7) 		13.0
(55.4) 		8.2
(46.8) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		−7.2
(19.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 108.4
(4.27) 		84.9
(3.34) 		86.8
(3.42) 		66.5
(2.62) 		61.5
(2.42) 		70.3
(2.77) 		58.5
(2.30) 		67.9
(2.67) 		88.3
(3.48) 		134.9
(5.31) 		128.8
(5.07) 		109.2
(4.30) 		1,066
(41.97)
Average precipitation days 15.03 14.13 16.63 14.37 13.63 11.37 9.63 9.80 12.63 15.07 13.07 14.70 160.1
Average relative humidity (%) 66.8 67.8 70.9 73.7 74.8 71.1 70.5 70.9 71.6 73.4 69.0 66.7 70.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 71.3 84.8 99.2 135.0 170.5 195.0 189.1 186.0 150.0 120.9 102.0 68.2 1,572
Mean daily sunshine hours 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.5 5.5 6.5 6.1 6.0 5.0 3.9 3.4 2.2 4.3
Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service
Source 2: NOAA (humidity)

Notable people from Ordu

Mayors Of Ordu metropolitan municipality

See also: Mayor and Metropolitan municipality

Sport In Ordu

References

  1. ^ "Ordu". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  2. Özhan Öztürk. Pontus, Antikçağ'dan Günümüze Karadeniz'in Etnik ve Siyasi Tarihi, Genesis Yayınları. Ankara 2011, S.492
  3. Özhan Öztürk. Pontus, Antikçağ'dan Günümüze Karadeniz'in Etnik ve Siyasi Tarihi. Genesis Yayınları. Ankara 2011. S.566
  4. Diodorus Siculus, Library, § 14.31.1
  5. ^ Olshausen, Eckart, "Cotyora" in Brill's New Pauly, Antiquity doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e621460
  6. Anabasis V.5.3f
  7. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica Eleventh Edition, s.v. Ordu
  8. XII.3.17
  9. 16.3 Translated in Arrian: Periplus Ponti Euxini, edited and translated by Aidan Liddle (London: Bristol Classical Press, 2003), p. 75
  10. Suda, ka.2170
  11. "Ordu ili tarihi". www.karalahana.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  12. "Karadeniz Ansiklopedisi: Ordu maddesi". www.karalahana.com. Archived from the original on 7 May 2005. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  13. Dionysus, Pan sculptures found at site of 2,100-year-old goddess Kybele in northern Turkey
  14. Ancient castle under threat of quarry
  15. "4th-century tombs unearthed near Turkey's Black Sea coast". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  16. "1,600-Year-Old Tombs Uncovered in Northern Turkey - Archaeology Magazine". www.archaeology.org. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  17. "Archeologists discover Byzantine abbey in Ordu". www.hurriyetdailynews.org. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  18. "Döviz düşerken fındık fiyatı da düştü". Gazete Banka. 21 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  19. Schwartzstein, Peter (22 August 2015). "This small Turkish town grows a quarter of the world's hazelnuts". Quartz. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  20. Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 62.
  21. Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 64.
  22. "GD8 Ordu-Boztepe – References – Company – LEITNER ropeways". Leitner-ropeways.com. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  23. "Tatilden dersler aldık". Erzurum Flaş (in Turkish). 27 August 2013. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
  24. "Batumi – Twin Towns & Sister Cities". Batumi City Hall. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  25. "Twin-cities of Azerbaijan". Azerbaijans.com. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  26. "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  27. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Bursa" (CSV). National centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 2 August 2023.

External links

Ordu in Ordu Province of Turkey
Districts


Districts of Ordu
Districts of Ordu
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Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey
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