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Revision as of 07:04, 19 August 2020

For the village in Iran, see Ahmad Khani, Iran.

Ahmad Khani
A bust of Ahmad Khani in Iraqi Kurdistan
Born	1650 Hakkari, Hakkâri Province
Died	1707 (Doğubayazıt), Ağrı
Nationality	Kurdish
Occupation(s)	Writer, poet, astronomer, philosopher
Years active	17th century

Academic background
Influences	Al-Farabi, Ferdowsi, Malaye Jaziri, Ali Hariri, Faqi Tayran
Academic work
Influenced	Abdurrahman Sharafkandi, Mastoureh Ardalan, Nalî, Haji Qadir Koyi, Hemin Mukriyani

Ahmad Khani, also spelled Ahmad-i Khani (Template:Lang-ku; 1650, Hakkari – 1707, Doğubayazıt), was a Kurdish writer, poet, astronomer and philosopher. He was born amongst the Khani's tribe in Hakkari province in present-day Turkey. He moved to Bayezid in Ritkan province and settled there. Later he started with teaching Kurdish (Kurmanji) at basic level. Khani was fluent in Kurdish, Arabic and Persian. He wrote his Arabic-Kurdish dictionary "Nûbihara Biçûkan" (The Spring of Children) in 1683 to help children with their learning process.

His most important work is the Kurdish classic love story "Mem and Zin" (Mem û Zîn) (1692), which has been translated to many languages including Arabic, Russian and Turkish. This epic has several facets and has been interpreted from different angles, but one its most important parts is its preface in which Khani calls for a Kurdish state. Therefore, many consider Mam and Zin to be the first expression of Kurdish nationalism.

His other work include a book called Eqîdeya Îmanê (The Path of Faith), which is part poem and part prose. The book explains the five pillars of Islamic faith. It was published in 2000 in Sweden.

Biography

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010)

Works

Books

Mem û Zîn (Mem and Zin), see for its French translation, see for its English translation,
Eqîdeya Îmanê (The Path of Faith)
Eqîdeya Îslamê (Basics of Islam)
Nûbihara Biçûkan (The Spring of Children)
Erdê Xweda (Astronomy and Geography book)
Dîwana Helbestan

References and notes

"kurdish Academy – Just another WordPress site". kurdishacademy.org. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
"EHMEDÊ XANÎ:HEP ULUSUNUN SORUNUNA ÇÖZÜM ARADI" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 1 August 2015.
"The Kurdish Language and Literature". Institutkurde.org.
^ "AḤMAD-E ḴĀNI – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
Bruinessen, Martin van. "Ehmedê Xanî's Mem û Zîn and its role in the emergence of Kurdish nationalism". Abbas Vali (ed.), Essays on the origins of Kurdish nationalism, Costa Mesa, Cal.: Mazda Publishers, 2003, pp. 40-57.

External links

Works by Ehmedê Xanî at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Ahmad Khani, Kurdish Academy of Language KAL
Our Trouble by Ehmedê Xanî, Noahs Ark Holidays
Ahmad Khani, Encyclopædia Iranica

v t e Kurdish literature
Texts	Kitêba Cilwe (text, mentioned before 1746) Mishefa Reş (text) Kalâm-e Saranjâm (religious text) Kurdish Shahnameh
Before and in 1400s	Evdilsemedê Babek (972–1019) Ali Hariri (1009–1079/80) Mele Perîşan (1351–1431) Mela Huseynê Bateyî (1417–1495)
1500s-1600s	Elî Teremaxî Shaykh Mustafa Takhtayi Melayê Cizîrî (1570–1640) Şêx Şemsedînê Exlatî (1588–1674) Asenath Barzani (1590–1670) Feqiyê Teyran (1590–1660) Yusuf Yaska (1592–1636) Mistefa Bêsaranî (1642–1701) Ehmedê Xanî (1650–1707)
1700s	Khana Qubadi (1700–1759) Marif Nodeyi (1753–1838/39) Xelîlê Sêrtî (1754–1843) Khulam Rada Khan Arkawazi (1765–1834) Pertew Begê Hekarî (1777–1841) Khâlid-i Shahrazuri (1779–1827) Şeyda Hewramî (1784–1852) Şêx Hesenê Nûranî (1786–1866) Şêx Nûredînê Birîfkanî (1795–1851) Ahmad Bag Komasi (1796–1877) Nalî (1797/1800–1855/56) Mehmûd Bayazîdî (1797–1859) Ya'qūb Māydashtī (1799–1871) Almas Khan-e Kanoule'ei Elî Berdeşanî (–1812)
1800s	Salim (1800–1866) Mastoureh Ardalan (1805–1848) Mawlawi Tawagozi (1806–1882) Kurdî (1806/12–1830) Haji Qadirê Koyî (1817–1897) Seyîd Fehîmê Arwasî (1825–1895) Wali Dewane (1826–1881) Xalid Axayê Zêbarî (1827/28–) Mahwi (1830–1906) Sheikh Rezza Talabanî (1835–1910) Wefayî (1844–1902) Şêx Fethullah Werqanisî (1847–1900) Abdurrahman Aktepe (1850–1905) Mirza Ebdilqadire Paweyi (1850–1910) Osman Efendîyo Babij (1852–1929) Hariq (1856–1909) Edeb (1860–1918) Ehmedê Xasî (1866/67–1951) Piramerd (1867–1950) Abdullah Cevdet (1869–1932) Mevlanzade Rifat Bey (1869–1930) Nari (1874–1944) Muhammad Amin Zaki (1880–1948) Mela Xelîlê Mişextî (1888–2007) Nalbend (1891–1963) Celadet Alî Bedirxan (1893–1951) Erebê Şemo (1897–1978) Qani (1898–1965)
Contemporary	Abdul Karim Mudarris (1901–2005) Cigerxwîn (1903–1984) Abdullah Goran (1904–1962) Osman Sabri (1905–1993) Emînê Evdal (1906–1964) Heciyê Cindî (1908–1990) Qanate Kurdo (1909–1985) Qedrîcan (1911–1972) Ibrahim Ahmad (1914–2000) Dildar (1918–1948) Hejar (1921–1991) Hemin Mukriyani (1921–1986) Ahmad Hardi (1922–2006) Shami Kermashani (1927–1984) Jamal Nebez (1933–2018) Suwara Ilkhanizada (1937–1976) Sherko Bekas (1940–2013) Şahînê Bekirê Soreklî (1946–) Latif Halmat (1947–) Abdulla Pashew (1946–) Abdullah Öcalan (1949–) Rafiq Sabir (1950–) Mehmed Uzun (1953–2007) Firat Cewerî (1959–) Jila Hosseini (1964–1996) Bachtyar Ali (1966–) Mahabad Qaradaghi (1966–2020) Faryad Shiri (1971–)
Related topics	Yazidi literature

Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world

Astronomers

by century
8th	Ahmad Nahavandi Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī Mashallah ibn Athari Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq
9th	Abu Ali al-Khayyat Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi Abu Said Gorgani Al-Farghani Al-Kindi Al-Mahani Abu Hanifa Dinawari Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf Al-Marwazi Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi Banū Mūsā brothers Iranshahri Khalid ibn Abd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrudhi Al-Khwarizmi Sahl ibn Bishr Thābit ibn Qurra Yahya ibn Abi Mansur
10th	al-Sufi Ibn Al-Adami al-Khojandi al-Khazin al-Qūhī Abu al-Wafa Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Battani Al-Qabisi Ibn al-A'lam Al-Nayrizi Al-Saghani Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī Ibn Yunus Ibrahim ibn Sinan Ma Yize al-Sijzi Al-ʻIjliyyah Nastulus Abolfadl Harawi Haseb-i Tabari al-Majriti Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi
11th	Abu Nasr Mansur al-Biruni Ali ibn Ridwan Al-Zarqālī Ibn al-Samh Alhazen Avicenna Ibn al-Saffar Kushyar Gilani Said al-Andalusi Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani Al-Isfizari Ali ibn Khalaf
12th	Al-Bitruji Avempace Ibn Tufail Al-Kharaqī Al-Khazini Al-Samawal al-Maghribi Abu al-Salt Averroes Ibn al-Kammad Jabir ibn Aflah Omar Khayyam Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
13th	Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili Jamal ad-Din Alam al-Din al-Hanafi Najm al‐Din al‐Misri Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi Zakariya al-Qazwini al-Urdi al-Abhari Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi Ibn al‐Raqqam Al-Ashraf Umar II Fakhr al-Din al-Akhlati
14th	Ibn al-Shatir Al-Khalili Ibn Shuayb al-Battiwi Abū al‐ʿUqūl Al-Wabkanawi Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri al-Jadiri Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar Fathullah Shirazi
15th	Ali Kuşçu Abd al‐Wajid Jamshid al-Kashi Kadızade Rumi Ulugh Beg Sibt al-Maridini Ibn al-Majdi al-Wafa'i al-Kubunani 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i
16th	Al-Birjandi al-Khafri Baha' al-din al-'Amili Piri Reis Takiyüddin
17th	Yang Guangxian Ehmedê Xanî Al Achsasi al Mouakket Muhammad al-Rudani

Topics

Works

Arabic star names Islamic calendar Aja'ib al-Makhluqat Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity Tabula Rogeriana The Book of Healing The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
Zij	Alfonsine tables Huihui Lifa Book of Fixed Stars Toledan Tables Zij-i Ilkhani Zij-i Sultani Sullam al-sama'

Instruments

Concepts

Institutions

Influences

Influenced

Muslim historians

Historians

7th century

8th century

9th century

10th century

11th century

Arabic	Ibn Faradi Ibn Hayyan Said al-Andalusi Al-Udri Al-Bakri Ibn Hazm Hilal al-Sabi' Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi Al-Quda'i Ibn Bassam
Persian	Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi Abu Sa'id Gardezi

12th century

Arabic	Mohammed al-Baydhaq Ibn al-Jawzi Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi Ibn al-Qalanisi Ibn ʽAsakir Usama ibn Munqidh Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad Ibn Hammad Al-Jawwani Ibn al-Sam'ani
Persian	Muhammad bin Ali Rawandi

13th century

Arabic	Yaqut al-Hamawi 'Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi Ibn Amira Ibn Jubayr Ibn al-Kardabūs Ibn al-Adim Ibn al-Athir Sibt ibn al-Jawzi Ibn Khallikan Al-Qifti Ibn Abi Zar
Persian	Ibn Bibi Muhammad Aufi Ibn Isfandiyar Minhaj-i-Siraj Ata-Malik Juvayni Rashid-al-Din Hamadani

14th century

Arabic	Abu'l-Fida Ibn Idhari Al-Dhahabi Ibn Battuta Ibn al-Khatib Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari Ibn Kathir Ibn al-Tiqtaqa Ibn al-Furat Al-Mufaddal Ibn Khaldun al-ʽAsqalani
Persian	Hamdallah Mustawfi Wassaf Ziauddin Barani Hafiz-i Abru

15th century

Arabic	al-Maqrizi Ibn Taghribirdi Al-Sakhawi Al-Suyuti Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi
Persian	Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi Mirkhvand Mullah Nadiri Zahir al-Din Mar'ashi Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani Idris Bitlisi Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi
Turkish	Oruç Bey Aşıkpaşazade Enveri Ibn Kemal Neshri Tursun Beg

16th century

Arabic	Ibn Iyas Mujir al-Din Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali Ibn al-Qadi Mar'i al-Karmi
Persian	Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak Muhammad Khwandamir ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni Nizamuddin Ahmad Firishta Iskandar Beg Munshi Sharafkhan Bidlisi
Turkish	Mustafa Âlî Lûtfi Pasha Matrakçı Nasuh Sadeddin Effendi Mustafa Selaniki Taşköprüzade

17th century

Arabic

Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari

Katib Çelebi

Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali

Persian

Turkish

Ottoman	Ibrahim Petchevi Solakzade Mehmed Hemdemi Kâtip Çelebi Munejjim Bashi Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha Osman Aga of Temesvar Mustafa Naima Al-Hasan al-Burini Abdi Pasha
Chagatai	Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur

Kurdish

Ahmad Khani

18th century

Arabic	Mohammed al-Ifrani Mohammed al-Qadiri Khalil al-Muradi al-Zayyani al-Jabarti
Persian	Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi Abol-Hasan Golestaneh
Turkish	Ahmed Resmî Efendi