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Revision as of 13:16, 23 March 2005
Province is a name for a secondary, or subnational entity of government in most countries. In some countries an alternative term is used, such as state (in Australia and the United States), départment (in France), or region (in Italy, where a province is a subdivision within a region, making it a tertiary rather than a secondary unit of government in that country, analogous to a county in most of Canada and the US). As well, in the British Empire various colonies had the title of province such as the Province of Canada.
The word was introduced by the Romans, who divided their empire into provinciae. The word is thought to have originated from the Latin word provincia (zone of influence); probably from pro ("in front") and vincia ("linked").
In France, the expression en province means "outside of the region of Paris". This expression is sometimes substituted with en région.
Current
(Subdivisions called or translated into: Province)
- The Governorates of Iraq (arabic: muhafazah, are often translated as province. See: governorate.
- Provinces of Afghanistan (from arabic wilaya)
- Provinces of Argentina (spanish: provincia)
- Provinces of Armenia (marzer, singular - marz)
- Provinces of Belgium
- Provinces of Bulgaria (oblast)
- Provinces of Canada
- Provinces of China (chin: sheng)
- Provinces of Cuba (span: provincia)
- Provinces of Ecuador (span: provincia)
- Provinces of Equatorial Guinea (sp:provincia)
- Provinces of Finland (Finnish: läänit, Swedish: län)
- Provinces of Gabon (fr:province)
- Provinces of Indonesia (Bahasa Indonesia: propinsi)
- Provinces of Iran (ostan-haa, singular form: ostan)
- Provinces of Ireland
- Provinces of Italy (ital.: province, singular: provincia)
- Provinces of Kazakhstan (oblasy)
- Provinces of Kyrgyzstan (oblasty)
- Provinces of Korea (kor.: do, to)
- Provinces of Madagascar
- Provinces of the Netherlands (dutch: provincies)
- Provinces of Pakistan
- Provinces of the Philippines (Filipino: lalawigan or probinsya)
- Provinces of São Tomé and Príncipe (pt:?)
- Provinces of Saudi Arabia (arabic: mintaqah)
- Provinces of the Solomon Islands
- Provinces of South Africa
- Provinces of Spain (span: provincia)
- Provinces of Tajikistan (veloyati, from arabic wilaya)
- Provinces of Thailand (changwat)
- Provinces of Turkey (iller, singular: il)
- Provinces of Turkmenistan (from arabic wilaya)
- Provinces of Ukraine (ukr. oblast)
- Provinces of Uzbekistan (from arabic wilaya)
- Provinces of Vanuatu
The most populous province is Henan, China, pop. 93,000,000. Also very populous are several other Chinese provinces, as well as Punjab, Pakistan, pop. 85,000,000.
The largest provinces by area are Xinjiang, China (1,600,000 sq. km) and Quebec, Canada (1,500,000 sq. km).
There are also provinces in New Zealand, but the country is not seen as a "federal" country. However, the provinces do have a few duties like collecting rates and each province has its own Health Board and District Prisons Board.
Governorates
The term governorate is widely used in arab countries to describe an administrative unit; it translates the Arabic word muhafazah. Some governorates combine more than one wilaya; others closely follow traditional boundaries inherited from the Ottoman Empire's vilayet system.
Historical
In historical terms, Fernand Braudel has depicted the European provinces—built up of numerous small regions called by the French pays or by the Swiss cantons, each with a local cultural identity and focused upon a market town—as the political unit of optimum size in pre-industrial Early Modern Europe and asks, "was the province not its inhabitants' true 'fatherland'?" (The Perspective of the World 1984, p. 284) Even centrally organized France, an early nation-state, could collapse into autonomous provincial worlds under pressure, such as the sustained crisis of the Wars of Religion, 1562—1598.
In the Habsburg territories, the traditional provinces are partly expressed in the Länder of 19th-century Austria-Hungary
The Ottoman Empire's provinces were characterized by the term vilayet.
- Provinces of Rome
- The former provinces of the Ottoman Empire
- The former Province of Canada (1840-1867)
- The former Provinces of France
- The former Provinces of Ireland
- The former Provinces of Japan
- The former Provinces of Sweden
- The former Republic of the Seven United Provinces (The Netherlands)