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Revision as of 00:11, 8 November 2021 by Patyo1994 (talk | contribs)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)Office in Manchester, England
| CIS Tower | |
|---|---|
_(geograph_2757249).jpg) The CIS Tower with solar panel-clad service tower on the left and the glazed office tower on the right | |
| Record height | |
| Tallest in the United Kingdom from 1962 to 1963 | |
| Preceded by | Shell Centre |
| Surpassed by | Millbank Tower |
| General information | |
| Status | Grade II |
| Type | Office |
| Architectural style | Modernism |
| Location | Manchester, England |
| Coordinates | 53°29′11″N 2°14′18″W / 53.48639°N 2.23833°W / 53.48639; -2.23833 |
| Construction started | 1959 |
| Completed | 1962 |
| Opening | 1962 |
| Renovated | 2006 |
| Owner | Castlebrook Investments |
| Height | |
| Roof | 118 m (387 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 25 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Gordon Tait G. S. Hay |
| Developer | Co-operative Insurance Society |
The CIS Tower is an office skyscraper on Miller Street in Manchester, England. Designed for the Co-operative Insurance Society by architects Gordon Tait and G. S. Hay, the building was completed in 1962 and rises to 387 feet (118 m) in height. The Grade II listed building is Manchester's eighth-tallest building and the tallest office building in the United Kingdom outside London. The tower remained as built for over 40 years until maintenance issues on the service tower required an extensive renovation which included covering its facade in photovoltaic panels.
Location
The tower is situated on Miller Street, which forms the Manchester Inner Ring Road, and stands adjacent to New Century House, a high-rise office building also designed by G. S. Hay and Gordon Tait and constructed concurrently for the Co-operative Insurance Society's parent company, the Co-operative Wholesale Society. The plot on which the building stands had been heavily bombed during World War II and subsequently cleared. The site chosen for CIS Tower and New Century House was one of two areas of land offered by the local authority; the other site was in Piccadilly, but this came with the condition that any development scheme had to include shops and a hotel. Not wishing to compromise their autonomy, the CIS board chose the Miller Street site.
Opposite the tower sits One Angel Square, which opened in 2013 and serves as the headquarters of the Co-operative Group, the parent company of Co-op Insurance (formerly the Co-operative Insurance Society). The complex of buildings form NOMA (a portmanteau of 'North Manchester'), a 20 acre area of land previously known as the Co-operative Estate. The area was developed by the Co-operative Group in a joint venture with Hermes Investment Management. In 2017, the Co-operative Group sold its stake in NOMA to Hermes Investment Management in order to focus on its core retail business, however, it remains a tenant in several buildings. More than 6,500 people work in the neighbourhood.
Design
The office tower building rises above a five-storey podium block. The tower itself consists of the steel-framed main office building and a windowless concrete service tower. The service tower rises higher than the main office block, which features glass curtain walls with metal window frames. Black vitreous enamel panels demarcate the floor levels. The building materials, glass, enamelled steel and aluminium, were chosen so that the building could remain clean in the polluted Manchester atmosphere. The tower's concrete service shaft, which rises above the office tower, has two bands of vents at the top and was clad in a mosaic made up of 14 million centimetre-square grey tesserae, designed to shimmer and sparkle. The projecting reinforced concrete service shaft houses lifts and emergency stairs.
The ground floor is set back behind six pillars. A green bronze-like, abstract mural sculpted by William Mitchell made from fibreglass covers the entrance hall's rear wall. The building has 700,000 square feet of floor area with clear open spaces on the office floors. Interiors were designed by Misha Black of the Design Research Unit. The executive areas are delineated by the use of teak and cherry wood veneers.
Development
Planning
The Co-operative Insurance Society (CIS) board of directors decided that a new headquarters was needed to accommodate its 2,500 staff, who were dispersed in 10 different buildings across Manchester. In January 1953, CIS General Manager Robert Dinnage told his board to begin planning a new head office and that year entered into initial discussions with Manchester Corporation (now Manchester City Council). The design brief for the building, devised by Dinnage, was threefold: to convey the prestige of the Co-operative Insurance Society and the co-operative movement; to improve the appearance of Manchester in which the Society was one of the largest financial organisations; and to provide first-class accommodation for the staff.
The CIS board formed a chief office premises sub-committee to oversee the project. A deputation of appointed architects, designers and directors travelled to Italy, the United States and Canada to examine contemporary office design. The tower's design was influenced by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill's Inland Steel Building in Chicago after a visit by the architects in 1958. Having viewed the Inland Steel Building, the project team decided to aim for clear unbroken floors unobstructed by lift shafts and toilets to provide maximum flexibility.
In 1958, the company proposed building an office tower block, designed by by G.S. Hay, chief architect of the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS) with Gordon Tait of Sir John Burnet, Tait and Partners.
Construction
Construction began in September 1959 and was completed in 1962 at a cost of £3,980,000. The main contractors for the CIS Building were John Laing Construction Ltd, with A.E. Beer as the structural engineering consultant, and O. Castick, Chief Engineer of CWS as the engineering services consultant.
At 387 feet, the CIS Tower overtook the Shell Centre as the tallest building in the United Kingdom, a title it retained for a year until it was replaced by the Millbank Tower in London. In 2006, the Beetham Tower became the tallest building in Manchester.
Renovation
Within six months of construction some of the mosaic tiles on the service tower became detached owing to cement failure and lack of expansion joints in the concrete. Although the tower was granted listed building status in 1995, falling tiles were an ongoing problem. English Heritage had to be consulted as alterations could change the building's appearance.
In 2004 CIS consulted Solarcentury with a view to replacing the deteriorating mosaic with 575.5 kW of blue building-integrated photovoltaic (PV) cells which would generate approximately 180,000 kWh (average of 20 kW) of electricity per year. The work was completed by Arup and at that time was the largest commercial solar façade in Europe. The PV cells made by Sharp Electronics began feeding electricity to the National Grid in November 2005. The project, which cost £5.5 million, was partly funded by the Northwest Regional Development Agency which granted £885,000 and the Energy Savings Trust at the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) contributed £175,000. The solar power project was chosen by the DTI as one of the "10 best green energy projects" of 2005. Out of sight on the roof are 24 wind turbines generating 10% of the tower's electricity.
Critical reception and listed status
Upon its completion, the tower was praised by the architectural press and was awarded the Bronze Medal by the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1962. In the 1990s, it was granted Grade II listed building status by English Heritage. The tower, described as "the best of the Manchester 1960s office blocks", was listed for its "discipline and consistency".
See also
- Listed buildings in Manchester-M60
- Building-integrated photovoltaics
- List of tallest buildings and structures in Manchester
References
References
- "New Century House". Historic England. 26 April 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- ^ "Co-operative Insurance Society (CIS) Tower". Historic England. 26 April 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- ^ Brook, Richard; Jarvis, Matthew. "Trying to close the loop: post-war ring roads in Manchester". Birmingham City University. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- ^ Bounds, Andy (21 December 2017). "Co-op Group sells remaining Manchester property". Financial Times. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- Kindred, Normandin & Macdonald (2007), p. 51.
- ^ The Co-operative Wholesale Society and the Co-operative Insurance Society Buildings, Looking at Buildings, 31 October 2011
- ^ Historic England, "Co-operative Insurance Society (CIS) building, Miller Street, Manchester (Grade II) (1270494)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 23 August 2013
- ^ History of the solar tower, The Co-operative Bank, 31 October 2011, archived from the original on 25 April 2012
- ^ Part-3 Air Conditioned Office Buildings (PDF), Heritage Group Website for CIBSE, 31 October 2011, p. 12
- ^ Cave, Duffy & Worthington (2016), p. 29.
- ^ Cave, Duffy & Worthington (2016), pp. 29–30.
- "CIS and CWS Buildings". Mainstream Modern. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- CIS Tower, Skyscraper News, 31 October 2011
- Green light for high living, The BBC, 31 October 2011
- CIS Tower, Manchester April 2003, The Twentieh Century Society, 21 April 2007, archived from the original on 13 August 2011, retrieved 31 October 2011
- CIS Tower, Manchester, Sharp Manufacturing, retrieved 31 October 2011
- ^ Solar power tower hits city, Manchester evening News, 22 February 2003, retrieved 24 October 2011
- "CIS 'Solar Tower' Case Study", solarcentury, archived from the original on 5 September 2007, retrieved 11 September 2007
- The Solar Tower, The Co-operative Group, 31 October 2011, archived from the original on 14 September 2011
- UK's CIS Solar Tower garners 390-kilowatts from the sun, Engadget, 21 April 2007, retrieved 3 November 2011
Bibliography
- Cave, Colin; Duffy, Francis; Worthington, John, eds. (2016). Planning Office Space. Elsevier Science. ISBN 9781483103273.
- Kindred, Bob; Normandin, Kyle; Macdonald, Susan, eds. (2007). Conservation of Modern Architecture. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317704904.
| Records | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byShell Centre | Tallest Building in the United Kingdom 1962—1963 118m |
Succeeded byMillbank Tower |
| Preceded byManchester Town Hall | Tallest Building in Manchester 1962—2006 118m |
Succeeded byBeetham Tower |
| Timeline of the tallest buildings in the United Kingdom | |
|---|---|
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