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Mandaeism
Prophets Adam Seth Noah Shem John the Baptist
Names for adherents Mandaeans Sabians Nasoraeans Gnostics
Scriptures Ginza Rabba Right Ginza Left Ginza Mandaean Book of John Qulasta (list) Haran Gawaita The Wedding of the Great Shishlam The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa Diwan Abatur The Thousand and Twelve Questions Scroll of Exalted Kingship The Coronation of the Great Shishlam Alma Rišaia Rba Alma Rišaia Zuṭa Zihrun Raza Kasia Scroll of the Parwanaya Book of the Zodiac Dmut Kušṭa Scroll of the Rivers Secrets of the Ancestors Scroll of the Ancestors
Priests Rishama Ganzibra Tarmida Shganda
Individual leaders Miriai Shlama beth Qidra Zazai of Gawazta Anush Bar Danqa Yahya Bihram Dakhil Aidan Jabbar Choheili Sattar Jabbar Hilow Najah Choheili Salah Choheili Brikha Nasoraia
Rituals Masbuta Masiqta Tamasha Rishama Kushta Qabin Misha
Ritual food and drink Mambuha Halalta Hamra Pihta Fatira Zidqa brikha Lofani Sa Dukrana
Practices Belief in Oneness of God Daily prayer Baptism Fasting Almsgiving
Objects and symbols Drabsha Rasta Burzinqa Pandama Klila Taga Riha Skandola
Cosmology Hayyi Rabbi World of Light Mana Manda Uthra Manda d-Hayyi Yushamin Abatur Ptahil Hibil Shitil Anush Sam Ziwa Bihram Rabba Adathan Yadathan Shilmai Nidbai Yawar Ziwa Simat Hayyi Yufin-Yufafin Nsab Nbat Gubran Shihlun Urfeil Marfeil Saureil Zihrun Etinsib Ziwa Piriawis Tarwan Yura Yurba Yukashar Ziwa Shahrat Malwasha Nishimta Dinanukht Shishlam Ezlat škina Dmuta Mshunia Kushta Adam kasia Adam pagria Shatrin Laufa Hitfun Tibil World of Darkness Sea of Suf Siniawis Matarta Ruha Ur Krun Gaf Qin Zahreil Anathan Giu Shdum Zartai-Zartanai Hag Mag
Festivals Parwanaya Dehwa Rabba Dehwa d-Shishlam Rabba Dehwa Daimana Dehwa Hanina Abu al-Haris (Ashoriya) Ead Fel
Places Yardena Beth Manda Shkinta Andiruna
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In Mandaeism, kushta or kušṭa (lit. 'truth') can have several meanings. Its original literal meaning is "truth" in the Mandaic language, and is thus typically used to refer to the Mandaean religious concept of truth. The same word is also used to refer to a sacred handclasp that is used during Mandaean rituals such as masbuta, masiqta, and priestly initiation ceremonies.

In the World of Light

Mandaeans believe that in the World of Light, the Mšunia Kušṭa, or the world of ideal counterparts, exists, where everything has a corresponding spiritual pair.

Alternatively, kušṭa can be used as a synonym for Hayyi Rabbi, or God in Mandaeism. Additionally in the 69th chapter of the Mandaean Book of John, Manda d-Hayyi addresses Etinṣib Ziwa (Splendid Transplant), son of Yushamin, as "Truth, beloved by all excellencies." Carl H. Kraeling interprets the concept of Kushta as having developed from an entity in the pleroma representing truth as the directive force of Hayyi's actions, alongside Manda d-Hayyi as his hypostatic reason.

In rituals

The kušṭa handclasp is exchanged dozens of times between the novice and initiator during priest initiation ceremonies.

See also

• Drabsha, the symbol of Mandaeism

References

1. ^ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
2. Drower, Ethel Stefana (1937). The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran. Oxford at the Clarendon Press.
3. Häberl, Charles G.; McGrath, James F. (2019). The Mandaean Book of John: Text and Translation (PDF). Open Access Version. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.
4. Kraeling, C. H. (1933). "The Mandaic God Ptahil". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 53 (2): 152. doi:10.2307/593099.

v t e Mandaeism
People	Mandaeans Mandaean Americans Mandaean Australians Mandaeans in Sweden Sabians Nasoraeans
Historical identities	Essenes Gnostics Kentaeans
Priesthood	Titles Rishama Ganzibra Tarmida (Shganda) Individuals (List of Mandaean priests) Shlama beth Qidra Zazai of Gawazta Anush bar Danqa Yahya Bihram Ram Zihrun Bibia Mudalal Abdullah Khaffagi Negm bar Zahroon Abdullah bar Negm Abdullah bar Sam Dakhil Aidan Jabbar Choheili Salah Choheili Najah Choheili Taleb Doraji Khaldoon Majid Abdullah Sahi Bashikh Sattar Jabbar Hilow Yuhana Nashmi Brikha Nasoraia Rafid al-Sabti Salwan Alkhamas Institutions Mandaean Council of Ahvaz Sabian Mandaean Association in Australia
Literature	Main texts Ginza Rabba Right Ginza Left Ginza Mandaean Book of John Prayers Qulasta (list) Sidra d-Nishmata Rushuma Asut Malkia Eniana Rahma Tabahatan Shumhata Priestly texts The Thousand and Twelve Questions Scroll of Exalted Kingship The Coronation of the Great Shishlam The Wedding of the Great Shishlam Alma Rišaia Rba Alma Rišaia Zuṭa Zihrun Raza Kasia Scroll of the Parwanaya Scroll of the Great Baptism Scroll of the Ancestors The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa Scroll of Abatur Dmut Kušṭa Secrets of the Ancestors Scroll of the Rivers Book of the Zodiac Historical texts Haran Gawaita Apotropaic texts Incantation bowls Lead rolls Pišra d-Ainia
Cosmology	Tibil Yardna World of Light Hayyi Rabbi Shkina Piriawis Mshunia Kushta Tarwan Yasana Uthras Yushamin Abatur Ptahil Hibil Shitil Anush Sam Ziwa Manda d-Hayyi Shilmai Nidbai Adathan and Yadathan Yufin-Yufafin Urfeil and Marfeil Tar and Tarwan Bihram Zihrun Etinsib Ziwa Nbat Nsab Gubran Shihlun Yura Yurba Yukabar Yukashar Yawar Ziwa Simat Hayyi Saureil Concepts Anana Gufna Ziwa Intermediary realms Matarta Hitfun Shahrat Shatrin World of Darkness Sea of Suf Siniawis Mšiha Demons Ruha Ur Krun Gaf Qin Anathan Shdum Giu Hag and Mag Zartai-Zartanai Zahreil Planets Shamish (Sun) Libat (Venus) Nbu (Mercury) Sin (Moon) Kiwan (Saturn) Bil (Jupiter) Nirig (Mars)
Important figures	Adam Seth Abel Enosh Noah Shem Miriai Elizabeth John the Baptist
Legendary figures	Dinanukht Shishlam Ezlat
Concepts	Kushta (truth) Manda (gnosis) Laufa (communion) Dmuta (image) Nishimta (soul) Ruha (spirit) Mana (mind) Adam Kasia (hidden Adam) Adam Pagria (bodily Adam)
Objects and symbols	Drabsha (banner) Misha (oil) Riha (incense) Skandola (talisman seal)
Ritual food and drink	Drinks Mambuha Halalta Hamra Foods Pihta Fatira Sa Meals Dukrana Lofani Zidqa brikha
Clothing	Rasta (robe) Burzinqa (turban) Pandama (mouth-veil) Himiana (girdle) Margna (staff) Klila (wreath) Taga (crown)
Rituals and practices	Masbuta (baptism) Tamasha (triple ablution) Rishama (minor ablution) Masiqta (death mass) Qabin (wedding) Brakha (prayer) Bshuma (name of God) Sauma (fasting) Zidqa (almsgiving) Naming
Buildings and structures	Mandi Baghdad Mandi Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi Yahya Yuhana Mandi Wallacia Mandi Shkinta Andiruna
Calendar	Feasts Dehwa Rabba Feast of the Great Shishlam Dehwa Hanina Abu al-Haris Parwanaya Dehwa Daimana Months Daula Nuna ʿmbra Taura Ṣilmia Sarṭana Aria Šumbulta Qaina Arqba Hiṭia Gadia Epochs Adam and Eve Ram and Rud Shurbai and Sharhabeil Noah and Nuraita
Language	Mandaic Neo-Mandaic Alphabet Unicode block
Scholarly disciplines	Mandaean studies
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