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This is a timeline of events in 1345 CE. Template:C14YearInTopicX The year 1345 was a Julian calendar year in the 14th century, in the midst of a period in world history often referred to as the Late Middle Ages. During this year on the Asian continent, the several divisions of the old Mongol Empire were in a state of gradual decline. The Ilkhanate had already fragmented into several kingdoms struggling to place their puppet emperors over the shell of an old state. The Chagatai Khanate was in the midst of a civil war and one year from falling to rebellion. The Golden Horde to the north was besieging Genoese colonies along the coast of the Black Sea, where in 1346 they would be ravaged by the Black Plague, and the Yuan Dynasty in China was seeing the first seeds of a resistance which would lead to its downfall. Southeast Asia remained free from Mongol power, with several small kingdoms struggling for survival. The Siamese dynasty in that area vanquished the Sukhothai in this year. In the Indonesian Archipelago, the Majapahit Empire was in the midst of a golden age under the leadership of Gajah Mada, who remains a famous figure in Indonesia.

The Black Plague was to arrive in Europe within two years. England and France were engaged in the early stages of the Hundred Years' War, with the Battle of Auberoche fought in Northern France in October of this year. In the Iberian Peninsula, Alfonso XI of Castile again besieged the Muslim city of Granada as part of the Reconquista, but without success. The Holy Roman Empire under Louis IV took control of Holland and the surrounding area, granting these lands to his wife in a move which angered many of his princes. Holland was also in the midst of the Friso-Hollandic Wars, engaging with the Frisians on 26 September in the Battle of Warns. Italy, which at the time was divided into several kingdoms, saw several power struggles including the Battle of Gamenario in the north, and the assassination of Andrew, Duke of Calabria in Naples. In Northern Europe, Swedes continued early stages of their emigration to Estonia, which would continue in the coming decades. Estonian rulers also managed to crush the St. George's Night Uprising in 1345 after a two-year struggle. Lithuania changed hands from Jaunutis to his brother Algirdas in a relatively bloodless shift of power, and Lithuania continued its skirmishes with its northern, Estonian neighbor.

The main forces in the Balkans in the 1345 were Serbia, Bulgaria, and the Byzantine Empire. Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia proclaimed himself Tsar of the new Serbian Empire and continued his efforts at expansion, quickly conquering Albania and other surrounding areas within the year. The Byzantines, though powerful, were in a state of decline. With the aid of Serbia, they managed to quash the rebellion of a group of Zealots in Thessalonica led by John Cantacuzenus. Turks clashed with Byzantines, Serbs, and Cypriots at sea and in the cities of Chios and Imbros. The Byzantine Empire's precarious situation at this time is evidenced by the fact that they did not have enough soldiers to protect their own borders, but hired mercenaries from the Serbs and the Ottomans.

Timeline of events

See the full calendar of this year.

• 1 January - Louis IV's son, Louis VI the Roman, marries Cunigunde, a Lithuanian princess.
• March 12 - The Miracle of the Host occurs (as commemorated in Amsterdam).
• 24 March - Guy de Chauliac observes the planets Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars conjoined in the sky under the sign of Aquarius and a solar eclipse on the same day. This sign is interpreted as foreboding by many, and Chauliac will later blame it for the Black Plague.
• April 22 - Battle of Gamenario: The Lombards defeat the Angevins in the northwest region of present-day Italy, just southeast of Turin.
• May - Turks led by Uner beg march from Asia Minor to the Balkan Peninsula and raid Bulgarian territory
• 7 July - Battle of Peritor: Bulgarian forces are defeated by the Turks.
• September - Holland, Hainaut and Zeeland are inherited by Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and remain part of the imperial crown domain until 1347.
• September 18 - Andrew, Duke of Calabria is assassinated in Naples (d. in Aversa).
• September 26 - Battle of Warns: The Frisians defeat the forces of Holland under William IV, Count of Hainaut, in the midst of the Friso-Hollandic Wars.

Undated

• Eemnes-Buiten, a part of a small village in Holland, receives city rights.
• Narva, Estonia, receives Lübec city rights.
• Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia proclaims himself "Tsar and Autocrat of the Serbs and Greeks".
• End of the St. George's Night Uprising (Estonia): Remaining insurgents in Oesel are forced down, bringing to an end the series of rebellions.
• Sir Henry Green (1310-13??) becomes Sergeant at Law.

Births

• March 25 - Blanche of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt (d. 1369)
• October 31 - King Fernando I of Portugal (died 1383)
• date unknown
  • King Charles III of Naples, reign 1381–1386 (d. 1386)
  • Elizabeth of Pomerania, fourth wife of Charles IV
  • Eleanor Maltravers, English noblewoman (died 1405)
  • Thomas de Charlton
  • Sir Thomas de Neville of Hornby, knight of Hornby Castle
  • Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany
  • Robert 4th Baron de Swynnerton
  • Andrea Varni, painter of the "Procession to Calvary" introducing the fabled "Wandering Jew"
  • Wartislaw VI, Duke von Pommern in Barth (d. 1394)
  • John Wolflin, Saint John of Nepomuk (d. 1393)

Deaths

• January 15 - Martino Zaccaria (beheaded by Turks in Smyrna during a mass service)
• March 25 - Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, English politician (b. 1281)
• April 14 - Richard Aungerville (also known as Richard De Bury, English writer and bishop (b. 1287)
• July - Michael Palaeologus, Grecian Zealot leader (murdered)
• July 24 - Jacob van Artevelde, Flemish statesman (b. 1290) (killed by mob)
• September 16 - John IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1295)
• September 22 - Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Leicester (b. 1281)
• September 26 - William II, Count of Hainaut killed in the Battle of Warns
• November 13 - Constance of Penafiel, queen of Pedro I of Portugal (b. 1323)
• date unknown - Aedh mac Aedh Breifneach Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht

References

1. pgs. 143-148 ASIN B000K6TDP2
2. Horrox, Rosemary. The Black Death. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994. ISBN 0719034981 pg.104-105
3. Ioannes Cantacuzenus. Historiarum... 2, p.530
4. Nicephorus Gregoras. Byzantina historia. 2, p.729

• 1345