Adcrocuta - Misplaced Pages

Extinct genus of carnivores

Adcrocuta Temporal range: late Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Skeleton
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Family:	Hyaenidae
Subfamily:	Hyaeninae
Genus:	†Adcrocuta Kretzoi, 1938
Species
A. eximia

Adcrocuta is an extinct genus of large hyena that lived in Africa and Eurasia during the late Miocene epoch.

Distribution and chronology

Fossils of A. eximia are known from across Eurasia during the Vallesian-Turolian age of the Late Miocene (around 9.6-4.9 million years ago), spanning from Europe, including Spain, North Macedonia, France, Romania, Greece, Hungary, Germany, Austria, Ukraine and Bulgaria, and Asia including Turkey, Kyrgyzstan, Kazkahstan, Iran, China, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Palaeoecology

Like the modern day spotted hyena, A. eximia was an obligate carnivore. The teeth display adaptations to bone cracking, making it one of the earliest hyenas to display evidence of being adapted to this activity, though the shape of the upper carnassial tooth suggests that flesh also probably formed a considerable part of its diet. Its body was powerfully built. Some authors have suggested that it was likely not a fast runner, and that it was primarily a scavenger though this has been disputed by other authors, who note its limb bones are no more robust than those of living spotted hyenas. Its considerable size, which made it by a large margin the largest hyena in late Miocene Eurasia, likely made it effective both in kleptoparasitism (stealing kills from other carnivores), as well as predating on medium-large sized prey. Based on the morphology of its brain cavity, it probably had a less sophisticated social system than modern bone-cracking spotted hyenas.

References

Werdelin, L.; Solounias, N. (1990). "Studies of fossil hyaenids: The genus Adcrocuta Kretzoi and the interrelationships of some hyaenid taxa". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 98 (4): 363. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1990.tb01206.x.
^ Víctor Vinuesa Joan Madurell-Malapeira, Josep Fortuny & David M. Alba "Endocranial morphology of the Late Miocene bone-cracking hyena Adcrocuta eximia (Carnivora, Hyaenidae) compared with extant hyenas" XII ENCUENTRO DE JÓVENES INVESTIGADORES EN PALENTOLOGÍA (BOLTAÑA, 2014)
^ Kovachev, Dimitar (December 2012). "A complete skeleton of Adcrocuta eximia (Roth and Wagner, 1854) from the Upper Maeotian (Turolian) of Hadzhidimovo, SW Bulgaria" (PDF). Geologica Balcanica. 41 (1–3): 77–95. doi:10.52321/GeolBalc.41.1-3.77. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
De Bonis, Louis (31 December 2005). "Carnivora (Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Akkașdağı, Turkey". Geodiversitas. 27 (4): 567–590. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
Sen, Sevket; Saraç, Gerçek (December 2018). "Hyaenidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) from late Miocene and Pliocene of Çalta (Ankara, Turkey)". Revue de Paléobiologie. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
^ Miller, Sophie; Barrett, Paul; McLaughlin, Win; Hopkins, Samantha (29 August 2020). "Endemism and migration in the Kochkor Basin? Identification and description of Adcrocuta eximia (Mammalia: Carnivora: Hyaenidae) and c.f. Paramachaerodus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) fossils at the Miocene locality of Ortok, Kyrgyzstan". Palaeontologia Electronica. doi:10.26879/1033. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
Rivals, Florent; Belyaev, Ruslan I.; Basova, Vera B.; Prilepskaya, Natalya E. (15 May 2024). "A tale from the Neogene savanna: Paleoecology of the hipparion fauna in the northern Black Sea region during the late Miocene". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 642: 112133. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112133.
^ Turner, Alan; Antón, Mauricio; Werdelin, Lars (September 2008). "Taxonomy and evolutionary patterns in the fossil Hyaenidae of Europe". Geobios. 41 (5): 677–687. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2008.01.001.

Genera of civets, mongooses, hyenas, cats, and their extinct allies

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora

Feliformia

†Palaeogalidae

†Palaeogale?

†Nimravidae

- See Nimravidae

Aeluroidea

Nandiniidae

Nandinia

Viverroidea

Viverridae

†Africanictis †Dunictis †Forsythictis †Lufengictis †Ketketictis †Mioprionodon †Moghradictis †Progenetta
Genettinae	Genetta Poiana
Hemigalinae	Chrotogale Cynogale Diplogale Hemigalus Macrogalidia
Paradoxurinae	Arctictis Arctogalidia †Kanuites †Kichechia Paguma Paradoxurus †Siamictis †Tugenictis
Viverrinae	Civettictis †Semigenetta Viverra Viverricula

Herpestoidea

Herpestidae	See below↓
Hyaenidae	See below↓

Feloidea

- See below↓

Herpestidae

Eupleridae

Euplerinae	Cryptoprocta Eupleres Fossa
Galidiinae	Galidia Galidictis Mungotictis Salanoia

Herpestidae

†Kichechia †Legetetia †Leptoplesictis †Ugandictis
Herpestinae	Atilax Bdeogale Cynictis Herpestes Ichneumia Paracynictis Urva Xenogale
Mungotinae	Crossarchus Dologale Helogale Liberiictis Mungos Suricata

Hyaenidae

†Percrocutidae?

Dinocrocuta
Percrocuta

†Lophocyonidae

Hyaenidae

†Allohyaena †Belbus †Metahyaena †Pliocrocuta †Tongxinictis †Werdelinus
†Ictitheriinae	Herpestides Hyaenotherium Ictitherium Lycyaena Miohyaenotherium Plioviverrops Protictitherium Thalassictis Tungurictis
Protelinae	†Gansuyaena Proteles
Hyaeninae	†Adcrocuta †Chasmaporthetes Crocuta Hyaena †Hyaenictis †Ikelohyaena †Leecyaena †Lycyaenops †Pachycrocuta †Palinhyaena Parahyaena

Feloidea

†Barbourofelidae

(See Barbourofelidae)

Prionodontidae

Felidae

†Asilifelis †Diamantofelis †Hyperailurictis †Katifelis †Namafelis †Miopanthera †Pseudaelurus †Sivaelurus †Styriofelis
†Proailurinae	Proailurus Vinayakia
Felinae	Acinonyx Catopuma Caracal Felis Herpailurus Leopardus Leptailurus †Leptofelis Lynx †Magerifelis †Miracinonyx Otocolobus Pardofelis †Pratifelis Prionailurus †Pristifelis Puma †Sivapanthera †Sivapardus †Vishnufelis
†Machairodontinae	See Machairodontinae
Pantherinae	Neofelis Panthera †Leontoceryx †Pachypanthera

Taxon identifiers
Adcrocuta	Wikidata: Q3605074 GBIF: 4833238 IRMNG: 1067275 Paleobiology Database: 41021

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