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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name Chlorine peroxide | |
| Other names ClO dimer | |
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| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | Cl2O2 |
| Molar mass | 102.905 g/mol |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Infobox references | |
Chlorine peroxide (also known as dichlorine dioxide or ClO dimer) is a molecular compound with formula ClOOCl. Chemically, it is a dimer of the chlorine monoxide radical (ClO·). It is important in the formation of the ozone hole. Chlorine peroxide catalytically converts ozone into oxygen when it is irradiated by ultraviolet light.
Production
Chlorine peroxide can be produced by laser or ultraviolet photolysis of the chlorine molecule with ozone. The lasers used to break up the chlorine molecule into atoms can be an excimer laser at 248, 308, or 352 nm wavelength. Difluorodichloromethane (CF2Cl2) can also act as a source of chlorine atoms for the formation of the peroxide. Microwave discharge can also break up chlorine molecules into atoms that react with ozone to make chlorine peroxide.
- Cl2 + hν → 2Cl
- Cl + O3 → O2 + ClO·
- 2ClO· + M → ClOOCl + M
- ClOOCl + hν → Cl + ClO2
- ClO2 + M → Cl + O2 + M
Properties
Chlorine peroxide absorbs ultraviolet light with a maximum absorbing wavelength of 245 nm. It also absorbs longer wavelengths up to 350 nm to a lesser extent. This is important as ozone absorbs up to 300 nm.
The Cl−O bond length is 1.704 Å, and the O−O bond is 1.426 Å long. The ClOO bond angle is 110.1°, and the dihedral angle between the two Cl−O−O planes is 81°
References
- ^ Pope, Francis D.; Jaron C. Hansen; Kyle D. Bayes; Randall R. Friedl; Stanley P. Sander (2007). "Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of Chlorine Peroxide, ClOOCl". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 111 (20): 4322–4332. Bibcode:2007JPCA..111.4322P. doi:10.1021/jp067660w. ISSN 1089-5639. PMID 17474723.
- Lin, Jim J.; Andrew F Chen; Yuan T. Lee (2011). "UV Photolysis of ClOOCl and the Ozone Hole" (PDF). Chemistry: An Asian Journal. 6 (7): 1664–1678. doi:10.1002/asia.201100151. ISSN 1861-4728. PMID 21538907.
- ^ Chen HY, Lien CY, Lin WY, Lee YT, Lin JJ (2009). "UV Absorption Cross Sections of ClOOCl Are Consistent with Ozone Degradation Models". Science. 324 (5928): 781–784. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..781C. doi:10.1126/science.1171305. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19423825. S2CID 206518754.
- ^ Inglese, S.; G. Granucci; T. Laino; M. Persico (2005). "Photodissociation Dynamics of Chlorine Peroxide Adsorbed on Ice". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 109 (16): 7941–7947. doi:10.1021/jp044368k. ISSN 1520-6106. PMID 16851927.
| Chlorine compounds | |
|---|---|
| Chlorides and acids | |
| Chlorine fluorides | |
| Chlorine oxides | |
| Chlorine oxyfluorides | |
| Chlorine(I) derivatives | |