Early Devonian - Misplaced Pages

First epoch/series of the Devonian

Early Devonian

419.2 ± 3.2 – 393.3 ± 0.4 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

A map of Earth as it appeared 405 million years ago during the Early Devonian Epoch, Emsian Age

Sample from the Lower Devonian Rhynie chert

Chronology

−420 —–−415 —–−410 —–−405 —–−400 —–−395 —–−390 —–−385 —–−380 —–−375 —–−370 —–−365 —–−360 —–

PaleozoicSDevonianCMississippian Přídolí Early Mid Late Early M Lochkovian Pragian Emsian Eifelian Givetian Frasnian Famennian

←

Hangenberg event,
Famennian glaciation

←

Kellwasser event (Late Devonian extinction)

←

Widespread
shrubs & trees

←

Hunsrück fauna

←

Rhynie chert

Subdivision of the Devonian according to the ICS, as of 2023.
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

Etymology

Chronostratigraphic name

Lower Devonian

Geochronological name

Early Devonian

Name formality

Formal

Usage information

Celestial body

Earth

Regional usage

Global (ICS)

Time scale(s) used

ICS Time Scale

Definition

Chronological unit

Epoch

Stratigraphic unit

Series

Time span formality

Formal

Lower boundary definition

FAD of the graptolite Monograptus uniformis

Lower boundary GSSP

Klonk, Czech Republic
49°51′18″N 13°47′31″E / 49.8550°N 13.7920°E / 49.8550; 13.7920

Lower GSSP ratified

1972

Upper boundary definition

FAD of the conodont Polygnathus costatus partitus

Upper boundary GSSP

Wetteldorf Richtschnitt section, Wetteldorf, Eifel, Germany
50°08′59″N 6°28′18″E / 50.1496°N 6.4716°E / 50.1496; 6.4716

Upper GSSP ratified

1985

The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 3.2 to 393.47 ± 1.2 and began with the Lochkovian Stage 419.62 ± 3.2 to 413.02 ± 1.2, which was followed by the Pragian from 413.02 ± 3.2 to 410.62 ± 1.2 and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, 393.47± 1.2 million years ago. During this time, the first ammonoids appeared, descending from bactritoid nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.

References

Kaufmann, B.; Trapp, E.; Mezger, K. (2004). "The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)". The Journal of Geology. 112 (4): 495–501. Bibcode:2004JG....112..495K. doi:10.1086/421077.
Algeo, T. J. (1998). "Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1365): 113–130. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0195.
Parry, S. F.; Noble, S. R.; Crowley, Q. G.; Wellman, C. H. (2011). "A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications". Journal of the Geological Society. 168 (4). London: Geological Society: 863–872. doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-043.
"International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. September 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2024.
Chlupáč, Ivo; Hladil, Jindrich (January 2000). "The global stratotype section and point of the Silurian-Devonian boundary". CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg: 1–8. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
Ziegler, W.; Klapper, G. (June 1985). "Stages of the Devonian System" (PDF). Episodes. 8 (2): 104–109. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/006. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
Cohen, K.M.; Finney, S.C.; Gibbard, P.L.; Fan, J.-X. (2013). "The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). Episodes. 36 (3): 199–204. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002. Retrieved 7 January 2021.

Devonian Period

Lower/Early Devonian	Middle Devonian	Upper/Late Devonian
Lochkovian Pragian Emsian	Eifelian Givetian	Frasnian Famennian

Geological history of Earth

Cenozoic Era
(present–66.0 Ma)

Quaternary (present–2.58 Ma)	Holocene (present–11.7 ka) Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
Neogene (2.58–23.0 Ma)	Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma) Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
Paleogene (23.0–66.0 Ma)	Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma) Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma) Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)

Mesozoic Era
(66.0–252 Ma)

Cretaceous (66.0–145 Ma)	Late (66.0–100 Ma) Early (100–145 Ma)
Jurassic (145–201 Ma)	Late (145–164 Ma) Middle (164–174 Ma) Early (174–201 Ma)
Triassic (201–252 Ma)	Late (201–237 Ma) Middle (237–247 Ma) Early (247–252 Ma)

Paleozoic Era
(252–539 Ma)

Permian (252–299 Ma)	Lopingian (252–260 Ma) Guadalupian (260–272 Ma) Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
Carboniferous (299–359 Ma)	Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma) Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
Devonian (359–419 Ma)	Late (359–383 Ma) Middle (383–393 Ma) Early (393–419 Ma)
Silurian (419–444 Ma)	Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
Ordovician (444–485 Ma)	Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470 Ma) Early (470–485 Ma)
Cambrian (485–539 Ma)	Furongian (485–497 Ma) Miaolingian (497–509 Ma) Series 2 (509–521 Ma) Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)

Proterozoic Eon
(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)

Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga)	Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga)	Stenian (1–1.2 Ga) Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga) Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
Paleoproterozoic (1.6–2.5 Ga)	Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)

Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga)

Hadean Eon (4–4.6 Ga)

ka = kiloannum (thousand years ago); Ma = megaannum (million years ago); Ga = gigaannum (billion years ago).
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