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Lanthanum hydroxide

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Lanthanum(III) hydroxide

__ La     __ OH
Names
IUPAC name Lanthanum(III) hydroxide
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.994 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 238-510-2
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/La.3H2O/h;3*1H2Key: YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K
SMILES
  • ...
Properties
Chemical formula La(OH)3
Molar mass 189.93 g/mol
Solubility in water Ksp= 2.00·10
Structure
Crystal structure hexagonal
Space group P63/m, No. 176
Lattice constant a = 6.547 Å, c = 3.854 Å
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards Irritant
GHS labelling:
Pictograms GHS05: Corrosive
Signal word Danger
Hazard statements H314
Precautionary statements P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability (red): no hazard codeInstability (yellow): no hazard codeSpecial hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid
1 W
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions Lanthanum(III) chloride
Other cations Cerium(III) hydroxide
Actinium(III) hydroxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). ☒N (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Lanthanum hydroxide is La(OH)
3, a hydroxide of the rare-earth element lanthanum.

Synthesis

Lanthanum hydroxide can be obtained by adding an alkali such as ammonia to aqueous solutions of lanthanum salts such as lanthanum nitrate. This produces a gel-like precipitate that can then be dried in air.

La(NO3)3 + 3 NH4OH → La(OH)3 + 3 NH4NO3

Alternatively, it can be produced by hydration reaction (addition of water) to lanthanum oxide.

La2O3 + 3 H2O → 2 La(OH)3

Characteristics

Lanthanum hydroxide does not react much with alkaline substances, however is slightly soluble in acidic solution. In temperatures above 330 °C it decomposes into lanthanum oxide hydroxide (LaOOH), which upon further heating decomposes into lanthanum oxide (La2O3):

La(OH)3 → − H 2 O 330   o C   {\displaystyle \mathrm {{\xrightarrow{330\ ^{o}C}}\ } } LaOOH
2 LaOOH → − H 2 O Δ   {\displaystyle \mathrm {{\xrightarrow{\Delta }}\ } } La2O3

Lanthanum hydroxide crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system. Each lanthanum ion in the crystal structure is surrounded by nine hydroxide ions in a tricapped trigonal prism.

References

  1. "C&L Inventory". echa.europa.eu.
  2. ^ E.V. Shkolnikov (2009). "Thermodynamic Characterization of the Amphoterism of Hydroxides and Oxides of Scandium Subgroup Elements in Aqueous Media". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 82 (2): 2098–2104. doi:10.1134/S1070427209120040. S2CID 93220420.
  3. Ding, Jiawen; Wu, Yanli; Sun, Weili; Li, Yongxiu (2006). "Preparation of La(OH)3 and La2O3 with Rod Morphology by Simple Hydration of La2O3". Journal of Rare Earths. 24 (4): 440–442. doi:10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60139-7.
  4. Michael E. Brown, Patrick Kent Gallagher (2008). Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. Elsevier. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-44453123-0.
  5. Beall, G.W.; Milligan, W.O.; Wolcott, Herbert A. (1977). "Structural trends in the lanthanide trihydroxides". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 39 (1): 65–70. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(77)80434-X.

External links

Lanthanum compounds
Hydroxides
HOH He
LiOH Be(OH)2 B(OH)3 C(OH)4 N(OH)3
[NH4]OH 		O(OH)2 FOH Ne
NaOH Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3 Si(OH)4 P(OH)3 S(OH)2 ClOH Ar
KOH Ca(OH)2 Sc(OH)3 Ti(OH)2
Ti(OH)3
Ti(OH)4 		V(OH)2
V(OH)3 		Cr(OH)2
Cr(OH)3 		Mn(OH)2 Fe(OH)2
Fe(OH)3 		Co(OH)2 Ni(OH)2 CuOH
Cu(OH)2 		Zn(OH)2 Ga(OH)3 Ge(OH)2 As(OH)3 Se BrOH Kr
RbOH Sr(OH)2 Y(OH)3 Zr(OH)4 Nb Mo Tc(OH)4 Ru Rh(OH)3 Pd AgOH Cd(OH)2 In(OH)3 Sn(OH)2
Sn(OH)4 		Sb(OH)3 Te(OH)6 IOH Xe
CsOH Ba(OH)2 * Lu(OH)3 Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au(OH)3 Hg(OH)2 TlOH
Tl(OH)3 		Pb(OH)2
Pb(OH)4 		Bi(OH)3 Po At Rn
FrOH Ra(OH)2 ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
 
* La(OH)3 Ce(OH)3
Ce(OH)4 		Pr(OH)3 Nd(OH)3 Pm(OH)3 Sm(OH)3 Eu(OH)2
Eu(OH)3 		Gd(OH)3 Tb(OH)3 Dy(OH)3 Ho(OH)3 Er(OH)3 Tm(OH)3 Yb(OH)3
** Ac(OH)3 Th(OH)4 Pa U(OH)2
U(OH)3
UO2(OH)2 		Np(OH)3
Np(OH)4
NpO2(OH)3 		Pu Am(OH)3 Cm(OH)3 Bk Cf Es Fm Md No


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