(Redirected from Opinion polling for the next Romanian legislative election )
In preparation for the next Romanian parliamentary election , which will take place on 1 December 2024, various polling companies and organisations from Romania have already (more specifically since December 2020 onwards) been carrying out a series of opinion polling to gauge and keep track of the voting intention among the overall electorate.
Polls
See also: 2020 in Romania , 2021 in Romania , 2022 in Romania , 2023 in Romania , and 2024 in Romania
2024
Date
Poll source
Sample size
PSD–PNL
United Right
AUR
UDMR
PRO
PUSL
AER
REPER
SOS
Others
Lead
PSD
PNL
USR
PMP
FD
PER
PV
26 - 28 Nov 2024
AtlasIntel
2,116
21.4
13.4
17.5
—
2.5
22.4
5.5
—
—
—
—
1.5
4.6
11.2
1
9 - 13 Nov 2024
Newsweek
1,040
31
20
12
—
2
16
5
—
—
—
—
1
5
2
18
7 -12 Nov 2024
INSCOP
1,100
31.1
16.2
12.7
1.1
20.7
4.5
—
—
—
1.2
2.6
5.9
4
10.4
30 Oct - 5 Nov 2024
CURS
1,067
32
20
12
3
15
5
—
—
—
—
—
6
7
12
24 – 28 Oct 2024
Newsweek
1,150
31
20.5
16.5
3.1
17.5
6.5
—
—
—
—
0.9
2.6
1.2
10.5
11 – 18 Oct 2024
INSCOP
1,106
30.2
13.2
12.7
3.1
18
3
—
—
—
—
—
7
3
8.8
11 – 16 Oct 2024
CURS
1,006
31
20
15
1.4
0.6
21.4
3.7
—
—
2.1
—
2.5
8.1
4.1
11
7 – 9 Oct 2024
Verified for USR
1,009
28.2
12.6
19.5
1.0
1.7
22.7
4.2
0.7
0.2
0.5
—
2.4
5.3
1.0
8.7
11 - 16 Sep 2024
INSCOP
1,102
30.1
14.3
17.1
0.8
0.9
14.7
5.0
1.4
0.3
—
0.7
1.9
8.9
3.9
13
24 – 30 Aug 2024
The Center for International Research and Analyses
1,099
31.0
22.0
13.0
1.0
1.0
14.0
5.0
—
—
—
—
1.0
10.0
2.0
9
Aug 2024
Verified for USR
—
29.3
17.8
13.1
1.6
1.5
16.6
2.9
2.5
0.4
1.4
—
2.5
8.7
1.7
11.5
19 – 27 June 2024
INSCOP Research
1,100
29.4
18.9
12.2
—
—
14.7
4.6
1.1
1.5
2.2
1.9
3.6
6.1
3.8
11.5
9 June 2024
2024 European election
—
48.55
8.71
14.93
6.48
—
1.48
—
—
3.74
5.03
11.08
33.62
9 June 2024
2024 Local Election
—
32.52
26.13
11.54
9.61
5.42
0.34
1.47
0.68
0.80
1.39
10.10
6.39
14 Feb-4 Mar 2024
INSCOP
2,000
32.8
19.7
10.6
16.5
3.9
2.5
1
1.4
1
6.2
4.4
13.1
19-20 Feb 2024
Avangarde
NA
31
20
15
18
5
—
—
—
—
2
8
1
11
3-8 Jan 2024
Snap Market Research
998
32
12
10
13
6
1
1
—
—
1
8
16
19
6 December 2020
2020 Chamber election
—
28.90
25.18
15.37
4.82
—
9.08
5.74
4.09
1.19
1.12
0.35
—
6.82
3.72
2020 Senate election
—
29.32
25.58
15.86
4.93
—
9.17
5.89
4.13
1.01
1.33
0.40
—
5.12
3.74
2023
Date
Poll source
Sample size
PSD
PNL
USR
AUR
UDMR
PMP
PRO
PUSL
PER
PV
REPER
FD
S.O.S.
Others
Lead
16 - 28 Dec 2023
ARA Public Opinion
1.002
30.6
16.2
14.6
9.6
5.0
3.5
1.0
4.0
2.7
—
—
2.8
2.4
7.5
14.4
25–30 Nov 2023
Snap Market Research
983
29
13
8
16
6
5
2
1
—
—
1
1
5
13
13
20–27 Nov 2023
INSCOP
1.100
30.2
20.1
11.9
19.5
4.9
1.3
2.0
0.7
—
1.9
0.3
0.6
5.2
1.3
10.1
30 Oct–6 Nov 2023
Mercury Research
1,227
29
17
15
20
4
3
—
0
—
—
1
2
4
4
9
23 Oct–2 Nov 2023
INSCOP
1,100
29.5
18.4
14.1
20.2
3.8
1.7
2.6
—
—
2.6
0.5
1.0
4.3
1.4
9.3
20–29 Oct 2023
AtlasIntel
2,000
21.4
12.9
17.7
16.0
6.0
8.2
1.2
0.2
—
—
3.9
4.6
6.8
1.0
3.7
11–25 Sep 2023
LARICS
1,003
32.0
23.9
14.7
14.3
2.9
4.0
—
0.9
—
—
—
—
4.7
7.3
8.1
15–22 Sep 2023
INSCOP
1,550
29.1
20.4
11
22.4
4.6
1.7
1.5
—
—
2.5
0.7
1
3.1
4.9
6.7
12–22 Sep 2023
CURS
1,008
31
19
11
18
4
4
2
4
—
—
—
—
5
7
12
8–19 Sep 2023
Sociopol
1,004
29
15
15
23
5
3
—
—
3
—
—
—
3
4
6
4–10 Sep 2023
PNL
1,032
30
20
14
20
5
4
1
—
—
—
—
1
3
5
10
24–31 Aug 2023
CURS
1,067
32
19
12
19
5
4
—
2
—
—
—
—
4
—
13
8–20 July 2023
CURS
—
31
18
12
20
4
4
2
4
—
—
—
—
4
5
11
June 2023
INSCOP
—
28.7
18.0
12.7
20.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
20.5
8.6
May–June 2023
Geeks for Democracy
806
31.0
19.0
11.0
18.0
5.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
16.0
12.0
27 May–11 June 2023
The Center
—
28.0
18.0
13.0
22.0
6.0
3.0
2.0
—
—
—
—
2.0
—
6.0
6.0
19–27 May 2023
CURS
1,082
31.0
20.0
11.0
17.0
5.0
5.0
—
4.0
—
—
—
—
—
7.0
12.0
12–17 May 2023
CURS
1,067
32.0
20.0
10.0
17.0
5.0
5.0
—
3.0
—
—
—
—
—
8.0
12.0
10–20 March 2023
CURS
1,105
33.0
21.0
9.0
16.0
5.0
5.0
—
4.0
—
—
—
—
—
7.0
12.0
5–19 Feb 2023
INSCOP
3,000
31.7
22.3
11.2
18.2
4.6
2.9
2.4
—
—
1.4
—
—
—
5.4
9.4
1–13 Feb 2023
INSCOP
1,000
30.4
21.6
10.9
19.1
4.3
3.0
2.9
—
1.6
2.7
0.1
0.7
—
2.7
8.8
27–30 Jan 2023
Atlas Intel
2,000
24.8
17.2
12.4
17.9
6.4
5.9
4.0
—
—
—
1.9
2.9
—
2.8
6.9
10–20 Jan 2023
CURS
1,067
36.0
22.0
8.0
14.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
—
—
—
—
—
3.0
14.0
6 December 2020
2020 Chamber election
—
28.90
25.18
15.37
9.08
5.74
4.82
4.09
1.19
1.12
0.35
—
—
6.82
3.72
2020 Senate election
—
29.32
25.58
15.86
9.17
5.89
4.93
4.13
1.01
1.33
0.40
—
—
5.12
3.74
2022
Date
Poll source
Sample size
PSD
PNL
USR PLUS /USR
AUR
UDMR
PMP
PRO
ALDE
PUSL
PER
ApP
REPER
FD
Others
Lead
Dec 2022
INSCOP
—
31.5
20.2
10.9
18.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
19.3
11.3
8–22 Nov 2022
CURS
1,067
34
24
9
12
5
4
—
—
4
—
—
—
—
8.0
10.0
Oct 2022
Sociopol
—
36
19
11
14
4
2
2
1
0
3
0
4
1
3.0
17.0
8–22 Sep 2022
CURS
1,015
35
22
8
15
5
—
4
—
4
—
—
—
—
8.0
13.0
Aug 2022
Sociopol
—
32
15
11
25
6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
11.0
7.0
5–17 Aug 2022
CURS
—
32
23
10
13
—
4
2
—
4
3
3
—
2
2.0
9.0
22–31 Jul 2022
Avangarde
c. 900
37
23
9
11
5
4
1
—
3
—
2
1
2
2.0
14.0
22–30 Jun 2022
Avangarde
903
35
20
9
12
5
5
2
—
4
—
2
2
2
2.0
15.0
17–30 Jun 2022
IPSOS
1,072
37.8
25.4
12.7
10.1
3
3
4
—
—
—
—
—
—
4.0
12.4
19–26 May 2022
CURS
1,067
35
23
9
10
5
6
—
—
4
2
2
—
—
4.0
12.0
12–20 Apr 2022
Avangarde
906
36
19
11
14
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
16.0
17.0
28 Mar–11 Apr 2022
CURS
2,750
35
23
11
12
5
5
3
—
2
—
1
—
1
2.0
12.0
22–29 Mar 2022
Avangarde
900
35
16
12
15
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
22.0
19.0
2–11 Mar 2022
CURS
1,172
36
20
8
14
5
4
2
—
4
2
2
—
—
3.0
16.0
2–7 Mar 2022
INSCOP
1,077
32
19.9
10.8
18.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
18.4
13.6
9–19 Feb 2022
Sociopol
1,001
35
16
13
22
6
1
2
2
0
0
2
—
1
0.0
18.0
20–31 Jan 2022
Avangarde
903
35
16
12
18
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
19.0
17.0
22–29 Jan 2022
CURS
1,003
35
17
10
16
5
4
2
4
4
3
2
—
3
2.0
18.0
10–18 Jan 2022
INSCOP
1,162
34.3
16.6
12.5
20.6
4.2
2.1
2.9
—
1.3
—
1.0
—
1.7
1.5
13.7
6 December 2020
2020 Chamber election
—
28.90
25.18
15.37
9.08
5.74
4.82
4.09
1.19
1.12
—
—
—
6.82
3.72
2020 Senate election
—
29.32
25.58
15.86
9.17
5.89
4.93
4.13
1.01
1.33
—
—
—
5.12
3.74
2021
Date
Poll source
Sample size
PSD
PNL
FD
USR PLUS
AUR
UDMR
PMP
PRO
ALDE
PUSL
PER
ApP
Others
Lead
15–23 Dec 2021
Avangarde
907
39.0
18.0
—
10.0
17.0
5.0
3.0
2.0
—
4.0
—
1.0
1.0
21.0
17–22 Dec 2021
Sociopol
1,001
33.0
15.0
3.0
12.0
23.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
—
1.0
1.0
2.0
10.0
13–17 Dec 2021
CURS
1,100
38.0
19.0
—
11.0
13.0
5.0
5.0
—
—
4.0
—
—
5.0
19.0
25 Nov 2021
The Ciucă Cabinet , supported by a grand coalition consisting of the PNL , PSD , and UDMR/RMDSZ is voted and invested
16–24 Nov 2021
Avangarde
906
40.0
17.0
—
11.0
15.0
5.0
4.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
—
—
2.0
23.0
17–22 Nov 2021
CURS
1,100
38.0
18.0
—
11.0
14.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
1.0
3.0
—
—
3.0
20.0
9–12 Nov 2021
PPU
1,023
30.5
3.0
7.5
23.0
12.0
5.0
6.5
5.5
1.0
2.5
—
2.5
1.0
7.5
before 3 Nov 2021
FL
1,217
34.0
8.0
20.0
12.0
5.0
6.5
5.5
2.0
1.0
—
2.0
4.0
14.0
25–30 Oct 2021
CURS
1,100
39.0
19.0
—
11.0
12.0
5.0
5.0
3.0
—
4.0
—
—
2.0
20.0
17–26 Oct 2021
Avangarde
900
40.0
17.0
—
13.0
14.0
5.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
4.0
—
—
0.0
23.0
15–25 Oct 2021
INSCOP
1,100
35.5
21.9
—
12.4
14.2
5.0
2.9
3.2
—
0.5
—
1.7
2.8
13.6
12–20 Oct 2021
CURS
1,202
39.0
21.0
—
11.0
13.0
5.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
11.0
18.0
12–17 Oct 2021
APP
1,122
30.0
3.0
11.5
17.5
17.0
4.0
6.0
5.0
1.5
—
—
3.5
1.0
12.5
12–17 Oct 2021
INSCOP
1,100
36.7
19.8
—
16.4
15.3
3.0
2.1
3.0
—
—
—
—
3.8
16.9
11–15 Oct 2021
Sociopol
1,002
32.0
20.0
—
13.0
21.0
6.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
8.0
11.0
26–29 Sep 2021
Gazeta Civică
1,202
28.0
17.0
18.0
17.5
5.0
5.5
4.0
1.0
—
—
3.0
2.0
10.0
28 Sep 2021
INSOMAR
1,030
31.6
25.9
15.0
17.0
4.6
2.5
2.3
—
—
—
1.2
0.0
5.7
15–27 Sep 2021
INSCOP
1,204
35.4
21.9
9.8
17.1
—
2.9
4.4
—
—
—
—
8.5
13.5
14–21 Sep 2021
Avangarde
900
37.0
20.0
13.0
14.0
5.0
4.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
—
—
1.0
17.0
8–10 Sep 2021
CURS
861
36.0
19.0
11.0
14.0
5.0
5.0
3.0
2.0
4.0
—
—
1.0
17.0
3–5 Sep 2021
CURS
853
35.0
20.0
11.0
12.0
5.0
5.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
—
—
2.0
15.0
1 Sep 2021
The 2021 Romanian political crisis begins, leading to the break-up of the centre-right governmental coalition and a PNL splinter
20–24 Aug 2021
Avangarde
900
35.0
21.0
14.0
15.0
5.0
5.0
2.0
—
1.0
—
—
2.0
14.0
12–20 Aug 2021
CURS
1,067
34.0
20.0
12.0
11.0
5.0
5.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
—
—
3.0
14.0
15–19 Aug 2021
IRES
1,006
35.0
27.0
14.0
14.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
—
—
—
2.0
8.0
26 Jul 2021
INSOMAR
—
38.1
15.1
11.1
15.0
5.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
15.8
23.0
9–19 Jul 2021
Avangarde
903
34.0
23.0
13.0
15.0
5.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
10.0
11.0
1–15 Jul 2021
Sociopol
1,100
31.0
27.0
15.0
10.0
7.0
2.0
3.0
—
—
2.0
—
3.0
4.0
24 Jun 2021
INSOMAR
1,030
22.9
25.0
15.0
18.0
5.1
—
2.0
2.9
—
—
—
7.2
2.1
11–18 Jun 2021
CURS
1,067
34.0
22.0
14.0
12.0
4.0
5.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
—
—
4.0
12.0
1–15 Jun 2021
INSCOP
1,100
30.2
26.6
13.2
14.2
—
2.8
4.3
—
—
—
—
8.7
3.6
18 May 2021
Sociopol
1,100
36
22
15
11
6
2
5
0
1
1
—
1.0
14.0
18 May 2021
IRES
1,100
36.0
28.0
11.0
14.0
3.0
—
3.0
—
—
1.0
—
8.0
8.0
1–8 May 2021
Avangarde
900
36.0
23.0
14.0
15.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
—
1.0
1.0
—
2.0
13.0
7 May 2021
INSOMAR
1,030
22.1
23.5
13.6
15.5
8.6
4.6
4.1
—
—
—
—
8.4
1.4
14–17 Apr 2021
CURS
1,107
33.0
21.0
16.0
12.0
4.0
5.0
3.0
—
4.0
—
—
2.0
12.0
30 Mar–11 Apr 2021
BCS
1,420
28.9
22.3
22.5
10.0
4.0
4.2
2.9
—
—
—
—
5.1
6.4
12–28 Mar 2021
Sociopol
—
35.0
26.0
17.0
12.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
—
—
—
—
1.0
9.0
22–26 Feb 2021
CURS
1,100
34.0
25.0
16.0
9.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
—
3.0
—
—
4.0
10.0
10–14 Feb 2021
PER
1,055
33.0
25.0
20.0
8.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
—
3.0
—
4.0
8.0
9–11 Feb 2021
INSOMAR
1,030
28.0
27.0
14.0
16.0
6.0
4.0
1.0
—
—
—
—
4.0
1.0
15–17 Jan 2021
Avangarde
710
34.0
24.0
16.0
14.0
5.0
3.0
1.0
—
—
—
—
3.0
10.0
11–15 Jan 2021
CURS
1,100
34.0
26.0
16.0
12.0
5.0
3.0
2.0
—
—
—
—
2.0
8.0
17–21 Dec 2020
CURS
1,100
35.0
26.0
14.0
15.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
—
—
—
—
2.0
9.0
10–20 Dec 2020
Avangarde
900
35.0
26.0
15.0
14.0
5.0
2.0
1.0
—
—
—
—
2.0
9.0
6 December 2020
2020 Chamber election
—
28.90
25.18
15.37
9.08
5.74
4.82
4.09
1.19
1.12
—
6.82
3.72
2020 Senate election
—
29.32
25.58
15.86
9.17
5.89
4.93
4.13
1.01
1.33
—
5.12
3.74
Party of Young People - 4.6
PDU : 1.79%; Patriots Party: 0.73%; PRM : 0.66%; AD : 0.45%; ARS : 0.42%
In this scenario, USR, PMP and FD are running on the same list
BSR : 0.5%
In this scenario, USR, PMP and FD are running on the same list
In this scenario, USR, PMP and FD are running on the same list
UNPR : 4%;
BSR : 9%
Also included ALDE in its overall political score in the 2020 parliamentary elections .
Romanian Sovereignist Bloc : 8%; National Union for the Progress of Romania : 3%
PNȚ-CD 0.4%
ALDE is no longer active at any political level since late March 2022, having been entirely absorbed by the PNL in the meantime.
^ Formerly known as PAINE.
PRM - 1.0%
PRM - 0%
Probable projection of seats in the next parliament
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org .
See also: 2020 in Romania , 2021 in Romania , 2022 in Romania , 2023 in Romania , and 2024 in Romania
This section needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2023)
166 seats are needed for a chamber majority.
Date
Poll source
PSD
PNL
USR PLUS /USR
AUR
UDMR
PMP
PRO
ApP
FD
Nat. min.
Lead
19–26 May 2022
CURS
133
88
34
38
19
0
0
0
0
18
45
12–20 Apr 2022
Avangarde
132
70
40
52
18
0
0
0
0
18
62
17–22 Dec 2021
Sociopol
117
53
42
82
18
0
0
0
0
18
35
17–26 Oct 2021
Avangarde
140
59
46
49
18
0
0
0
0
18
81
12–17 Oct 2021
INSCOP
125
68
56
52
11
0
0
0
0
18
57
12–17 Oct 2021
APP
109
42
63
62
14
21
0
0
0
18
46
26–29 Sep 2021
Gazeta Civică
95
57
61
59
17
18
0
0
0
18
34
28 Sep 2021
INSOMAR
104
85
49
56
15
0
0
0
0
18
19
9–19 Jul 2021
Avangarde
118
80
45
52
17
0
0
0
0
18
38
11–15 Jan 2021
CURS
113
88
53
40
18
0
0
0
0
18
25
6 December 2020
2020 Chamber election
110
93
55
33
21
0
0
—
PNL
18
17
Approval ratings
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org .
This section needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2023)
Date
Poll source
Sample size
Ciolacu PSD
Ciucă PNL
Cîțu PNL
Orban PNL /FD
Cioloș USR PLUS
Barna USR PLUS
Dragu USR PLUS
Simion AUR
Kelemen UDMR
Diaconescu PMP
Băsescu PMP
President Iohannis
31 Jan 22
CURS
—
27.0
27.0
11.0
10.0
13.0
—
—
21.0
13.0
15.0
11.0
18.0
17–26 Oct 21
Avangarde
900
25.0
—
7.0
9.0
13.0
9.0
—
20.0
—
—
—
14.0
14–21 Sep 21
Avangarde
900
33.0
—
14.0
16.0
12.0
12.0
—
14.0
—
—
—
30.0
12–20 Aug 21
CURS
1,100
27.0
—
18.0
16.0
14.0
14.0
11.0
15.0
12.0
17.0
11.0
32.0
11–18 Jun 21
CURS
1,067
26.0
—
19.0
18.0
15.0
14.0
14.0
18.0
11.0
17.0
14.0
33.0
6 May 21
INSOMAR
1,030
20.1
—
—
21.9
8.2
12.0
—
14.1
—
8.3
—
—
14–17 Apr 21
CURS
1,107
26.0
—
24.0
20.0
16.0
15.0
—
21.0
13.0
—
—
—
11 Apr 21
BCS
1,420
14.0
—
21.6
17.5
18.6
16.8
—
12.2
6.5
11.8
16.6
—
22–26 Feb 21
CURS
1,100
25.0
—
17.0
20.0
14.0
18.0
14.0
20.0
18.0
—
—
37.0
2021 political crisis poll
Approval ratings for former Prime Minister Florin Cîțu (April–October 2021)
National approval rating
This section needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2023)
Polling firm
Fieldwork date
Sample size
Is Romania going on a good path/direction?
Y
N
?
Net
Approved
Disapproval
Avangarde
17–26 Oct 2021
900
8.0
80.0
12.0
−72.0
Notes
Formerly known as PAINE.
References
Marica, Irina (4 July 2024). "Romania's ruling parties agree on dates for presidential and parliamentary elections" . Romania Insider . Archived from the original on 31 August 2024.
BCS - Biroul de Cercetări Sociale (11 April 2021). "Credințe și valori în societatea românească 30 martie - 11 aprilie 2021" . Retrieved 10 November 2021.
Subsequently, several deputies decided to leave the PNL and follow former PNL president and former Prime Minister Ludovic Orban in his new political project, Force of the Right (or FD for short), shortly after PNL decided to form a new cabinet with PSD; therefore at one point in time during this legislature of the Romanian parliament, PNL had 81 deputies whereas FD had 16. Currently, PNL has even fewer deputies, namely 79 (more specifically as of late October 2023).
At that time, more specifically in late 2020, 13 deputies previously seating with FD as of late 2021 were part of the PNL parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies . Currently, there are 16 deputies seating with FD, 3 more than initially, through party switching from AUR.
Don't know/No opinion
Avangarde (27 October 2021). "Barometrul Opiniei Publice Național Octombrie 2021" (PDF). Retrieved 10 November 2021.
Opinion polling for future elections Africa
Asia East
South and Southeast West
Europe
Central Eastern
Northern Southern Western
North America Canada
Caribbean and Central
United States
Oceania South America Unless otherwise stated, all links are for parliamentary elections.
Category :
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
**DISCLAIMER** We are not affiliated with Wikipedia, and Cloudflare.
The information presented on this site is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.
You should always have a personal consultation with a healthcare professional before making changes to your diet, medication, or exercise routine.
AI helps with the correspondence in our chat.
We participate in an affiliate program. If you buy something through a link, we may earn a commission 💕
↑