| Santanaraptor Temporal range: Aptian-Albian, 112 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ | |
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| Reconstructed skeleton | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Clade: | Theropoda |
| Clade: | †Pantyrannosauria |
| Genus: | †Santanaraptor Kellner, 1999 |
| Type species | |
| †Santanaraptor placidus Kellner, 1999 | |
Santanaraptor (meaning "Santana Formation thief") is a genus of tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaur that lived in South America during the Early Cretaceous (late Aptian-early Albian), about 112 million years ago.
Discovery
The type species is S. placidus, first described by Kellner in 1999. The species epithet refers to Placido Cidade Nuvens [pt], who founded the Museu de Paleontologia da Universidade Regional do Cariri.
Description
The holotype (MN 4802-V) is a juvenile partial skeleton consisting of three caudal vertebrae with chevrons, ischia, femora, tibia, fibula, pes, and soft tissue. The fossilized tissue includes a thin epidermis, muscle fibers, and possibly blood vessels. Skin impressions under the left foot are also preserved, showing scales. It was unearthed in 1996 from the Romualdo Formation (Santana Group) in the Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. While primarily known from hindquarter elements, the individual represented by the fossil may have reached 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in length and 15 kilograms (33 lb) in mass. The fossil consists of bones from the pelvis, hindlimbs, and tail. These provide little information on its overall appearance. However, it was definitely a coelurosaur, and a few of its details suggest that it might be a member of the tyrannosauroids. It is presumed to be similar to Dilong and Guanlong in that it had long arms, three fingered hands, and slim hindlimbs.
Classification
Santanaraptor was originally thought to be a maniraptoran theropod when it was first discovered. However, it is now thought to be a basal coelurosaur based on several features present on the femur. Santanaraptor was tabulated by Holtz (2004) as the first tyrannosauroid known from Gondwana, a position also found by Delcourt and Grillo (2018). However, this position has been criticised, as the supposed tyrannosauroid characters are widely distributed in Coelurosauria, and several aspects of the foot are more similar to noasaurids.
External links
See also
References
- Kellner, A. W. A. (1999). "Short Note on a new dinosaur (Theropoda, Coelurosauria) from the Santana Formation (Romualdo Member, Albian), northeastern Brazil". Boletim do Museu Nacional (Serie Geologia). 49: 1–8.
- ^ Hendrickx, Christophe; Bell, Phil R.; Pittman, Michael; Milner, Andrew R. C.; Cuesta, Elena; O'Connor, Jingmai; Loewen, Mark; Currie, Philip J.; Mateus, Octávio; Kaye, Thomas G.; Delcourt, Rafael (2022). "Morphology and distribution of scales, dermal ossifications, and other non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs". Biological Reviews. 97 (3): 960–1004. doi:10.1111/brv.12829. ISSN 1469-185X. PMID 34991180. S2CID 245820672.
- Kellner, A. W. A. (1996). Fossilized theropod soft tissue. Nature 379, 32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/379032a0
- ^ Benton, Michael J. (2012). Prehistoric Life. Edinburgh, Scotland: Dorling Kindersley. p. 321. ISBN 978-0-7566-9910-9.
- Paul, Gregory S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0691167664.
- Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2004). "Tyrannosauroidea". The Dinosauria (Second ed.). University of California Press.
- Delcourt, Rafael; Grillo, Orlando Nelson (2018). "Tyrannosauroids from the Southern Hemisphere: Implications for biogeography, evolution, and taxonomy". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 511: 379–387. Bibcode:2018PPP...511..379D. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.003. S2CID 133830150.
- Doran Brownstein, Chase (2021). "Dinosaurs from the Santonian–Campanian Atlantic coastline substantiate phylogenetic signatures of vicariance in Cretaceous North America". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (8): 210127. Bibcode:2021RSOS....810127D. doi:10.1098/rsos.210127. PMC 8385347. PMID 34457333.
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| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Santanaraptor | |