Messier 95: Difference between revisions

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			{{short description\|Galaxy in the constellation Leo}}
	{{redirect\|M95}}		{{redirect\|M95}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April ~~2012~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2021}}
	{{Infobox Galaxy		{{Infobox Galaxy
	\| name = ] 95		\| name = ] 95
	\| image = ]		\| image = File:M95 - HST - Potw1841a.tiff
			\| image_size = 300px
	\| caption = M95. Credit: ]
			\| caption = Hubble Space Telescope image of Messier 95
	\| epoch = ]		\| epoch = ]
	\| ra = {{RA\|10\|43\|57.7}}<ref name="ned">{{cite web		\| ra = {{RA\|10\|43\|57.7}}<ref name="ned">{{cite web
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	\| work=Results for NGC 3351		\| work=Results for NGC 3351
	\| url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/		\| url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/
	\| ~~accessdate~~=2007-10-03}}</ref>		\| access-date=2007-10-03}}</ref>
	\| dec = {{DEC\|+11\|42\|14}}<ref name="ned" />		\| dec = {{DEC\|+11\|42\|14}}<ref name="ned" />
	\| constellation name = ]		\| constellation name = ]
	\| z = 778 ± 4 km/]<ref name="ned" />		\| z = 778 ± 4 km/]<ref name="ned" />
	\| dist_ly =32.6 ± 1.4 ] (10.0 ± 0.4 ])<ref name="jensenetal2003">		\| dist_ly =32.6 ± 1.4 ] (10.0 ± 0.4 ])<ref name="jensenetal2003">
	{{cite journal		{{cite journal
	\| author=Jensen, Joseph B. \| author2=Tonry, John L. \| author3=Barris, Brian J. \| author4=Thompson, Rodger I. \| author5=Liu, Michael C. \| author6=Rieke, Marcia J. \| author7=Ajhar, Edward A. \| author8=Blakeslee, John P.		\| author=Jensen, Joseph B. \| author2=Tonry, John L. \| author3=Barris, Brian J. \| author4=Thompson, Rodger I. \| author5=Liu, Michael C. \| author6=Rieke, Marcia J. \| author7=Ajhar, Edward A. \| author8=Blakeslee, John P.
	\| ~~displayauthors~~=4		\| display-authors=4
	\| date=2003		\| date=2003
	\| title=Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations		\| title=Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations
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	\| bibcode=2003ApJ...583..712J		\| bibcode=2003ApJ...583..712J
	\| doi=10.1086/345430		\| doi=10.1086/345430
	\|arxiv = astro-ph/0210129 }}</ref>		\|arxiv = astro-ph/0210129 \| s2cid=551714 }}</ref>
	\| type = SB(r)b<ref name="ned" />		\| type = SB(r)b<ref name="ned" />
			\| appmag_v = 9.7<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://messier.seds.org/m/m095.html \|title=Messier 95 \|access-date=30 April 2022 \|website=SEDS Messier Catalog}}</ref>
	\| appmag_v = 11.4<ref name="ned" />
	\| size_v = 3′.1 × 2′.9<ref name="ned" />		\| size_v = 3′.1 × 2′.9<ref name="ned" />
	\| notes =		\| notes =
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	}}		}}

	'''Messier 95''' (also known as '''M95''' or '''NGC 3351''') is a ] about 38 million ]s away in the ] ]. In the Catalogue of Named Galaxies, it is called '''Calopis Leonis''', or the ''beautiful-eyed'' galaxy.<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Bodifee\|first1=Gerard\|title=Catalogue of One Thousand Named Galaxies\|url=http://www.bodifee.be/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/2_CMG.pdf\|accessdate=21 May 2017}}</ref> It was discovered by ] in 1781, and catalogued by ] four days later. On 16 ~~March~~ ~~2012,~~ a ] was discovered ~~in M95~~.		'''Messier 95''', also known as '''M95''' or '''NGC 3351''', is a ] about 33 million ]s away in the ] ] ]. It was discovered by ] in 1781, and catalogued by compatriot ] four days later. In 2012 its most recent ] was discovered.

			The galaxy has a morphological classification of SB(r)b,<ref name="ned" /> with the SBb notation indicating it is a barred spiral with arms that are intermediate on the scale from tightly to loosely wound, and an "(r)" meaning an inner ring surrounds the bar.<ref name=Buta2007>{{citation
	==Nucleus==
			\| title=Atlas of Galaxies \| postscript=.
	The center of the galaxy contains a ring-shaped circumnuclear star-forming region with a diameter of approximately 2000 ] (600 ]).<ref>
			\| display-authors=1 \| first1=Ronald J. \| last1=Buta
	{{cite journal
			\| first2=Harold G. \| last2=Corwin \| first3=Stephen C. \| last3=Odewahn
	\| author=L. Colina \| author2=M. L. Garcia Vargas \| author3=J. M. Mas-Hesse \| author4=A. Alberdi \| author5=A. Krabbe
			\| publisher=Cambridge University Press
	\| displayauthors=4
			\| year=2007 \| isbn=978-0521820486 \| pages=1−25
	\| date=1997
			\| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-P7dCbB5MEC&pg=PA1
			}}</ref> The latter is a ring-shaped, circumnuclear ] with a diameter of approximately {{Convert\|70,000\|ly\|pc}}.<ref>{{cite journal
			\| first1=L. \| last1=Colina
			\| first2=M. L. \| last2=Garcia Vargas \| first3=J. M. \| last3=Mas-Hesse
			\| first4=A. \| last4=Alberdi \| first5=A. \| last5=Krabbe \| date=1997
	\| title=Nuclear Star-forming Structures and the Starburst–Active Galactic Nucleus Connection in Barred Spirals NGC 3351 and NGC 4303		\| title=Nuclear Star-forming Structures and the Starburst–Active Galactic Nucleus Connection in Barred Spirals NGC 3351 and NGC 4303
	\| journal=]		\| journal=] \| volume=484 \| issue=1
			\| pages=L41–L45 \| bibcode=1997ApJ...484L..41C \| doi=10.1086/310766
	\| volume=484
			\| doi-access=free }}</ref> The spiral structure extends outward from the ring.<ref name=Buta2007/>
	\| issue=1 \| pages=L41–L45

	\| bibcode=1997ApJ...484L..41C
			Its ring structure is about {{solar mass\|{{val\|3.5\|e=8}}\|link=yes}} (solar masses) in molecular gas and yields a star formation rate of {{solar mass\|0.38}} yr<sup>−1</sup>.{{efn\|meaning per year}} The star formation is occurring in at least five regions with diameters between 100 and 150 pc that are composed of several star clusters ranging in size from 1.7 to 4.9 pc. These individual clusters contain {{Val\|1.8\|-\|8.7\|e=6\|u=solar_mass}}{{efn\|1.8 to 8.7 million solar masses}} of stars, and may be on the path to forming ]s.<ref name=Haegele2007>{{citation
	\| doi=10.1086/310766
			\| title=Kinematics of gas and stars in the circumnuclear star-forming ring of NGC3351
	}}</ref>
			\| display-authors=1 \| last1=Hägele \| first1=Guillermo F.
			\| last2=Díaz \| first2=Ángeles I. \| last3=Cardaci \| first3=Mónica V.
			\| last4=Terlevich \| first4=Elena \| last5=Terlevich \| first5=Roberto
			\| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
			\| volume=378 \| issue=1 \| pages=163−178 \| date=June 2007
			\| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11751.x
			\| doi-access=free \| bibcode=2007MNRAS.378..163H \| arxiv=astro-ph/0703140\| s2cid=17402226 }}</ref>

			A ], designated as SN 2012aw, was discovered in M95 in 2012.{{efn\|On 16 March}}<ref name=DeepSkyVideos>{{cite web
	==Galaxy group information==
			\| title=Deep Sky Videos
	M95 is one of several galaxies within the ], a ] in the ] ]. The group also includes the ] ] and ].<ref name="nbg">
			\| website=] \| url=https://www.youtube.com/user/DeepSkyVideos?feature=watch
	{{cite book
			\| access-date=19 March 2012
	\| author=R. B. Tully
			}}</ref><ref name=BadAstronomyM95>{{cite web
	\| date=1988
	\| title=~~Nearby~~ ~~Galaxies~~ ~~Catalog~~		\| title=Supernova 2012aw: the pictures!
			\| url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/03/20/supernova-2012aw-the-pictures/
	\| publisher=]
			\| access-date=19 March 2012
	\| isbn=0-521-35299-1
			\| archive-date=20 October 2019
	}}</ref><ref name="fouqueetal1992">
			\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020161204/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/03/20/supernova-2012aw-the-pictures/
	{{cite journal
			\| url-status=dead
	\| author=P. Fouque \| author2=E. Gourgoulhon \| author3=P. Chamaraux \| author4=G. Paturel
			}}</ref><ref name="IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams">{{cite web
	\| date=1992
			\| title=List of Recent Supernovae
	\| title=Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II – The catalogue of groups and group members
			\| url=http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/RecentSupernovae.html
	\| journal=]
			\| access-date=8 April 2012
	\| volume=93 \| pages=211–233
			}}</ref> The ] of this displayed great flattening after 27 days, thus classifying it as a Type II-P, or "plateau", core-collapse supernova.<ref name=Bayless2013>{{citation
	\| bibcode=1992A&AS...93..211F
			\| title=The Long-lived UV "Plateau" of SN 2012aw
	}}</ref><ref name="garcia1993">
			\| last1=Bayless \| first1=Amanda J. \| last2=Pritchard \| first2=Tyler A.
	{{cite journal
			\| last3=Roming \| first3=Peter W. A. \| last4=Kuin \| first4=Paul
	\| author=A. Garcia
			\| last5=Brown \| first5=Peter J. \| last6=Botticella \| first6=Maria Teresa
	\| date=1993
			\| last7=Dall'Ora \| first7=Massimo \| last8=Frey \| first8=Lucille H.
			\| last9=Even \| first9=Wesley \| last10=Fryer \| first10=Chris L.
			\| last11=Maund \| first11=Justyn R. \| last12=Fraser \| first12=Morgan
			\| display-authors=1 \|postscript=.
			\| journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters
			\| volume=764 \| issue=1 \| id=L13 \| pages=6 \| date=February 2013
			\| doi=10.1088/2041-8205/764/1/L13 \| bibcode=2013ApJ...764L..13B
			\| arxiv=1210.5496\| s2cid=119291438 }}</ref> The disappearance of the progenitor star was later confirmed from near-infrared imaging of the region. The brightness from the presumed ] progenitor allowed its mass to be estimated as {{Val\|12.5\|1.5\|u=solar mass}}.<ref name=Morgan2016>{{citation
			\| title=The disappearance of the progenitor of SN 2012aw in late-time imaging
			\| last1=Fraser \| first1=Morgan \| postscript=.
			\| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
			\| volume=456 \| issue=1 \| pages=L16−L19 \| date=February 2016
			\| doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slv168 \| doi-access=free \| bibcode=2016MNRAS.456L..16F \| arxiv=1507.06579\| s2cid=118145431 }}</ref>

			M95 is one of several galaxies within the ], a ] in the ] ], the other ] of which are ] and ].<ref name="nbg">{{cite book
			\| first1=R. B. \| last1=Tully
			\| date=1988 \| title=Nearby Galaxies Catalog
			\| publisher=]
			\| isbn=978-0-521-35299-4
			}}</ref><ref name="fouqueetal1992">{{cite journal
			\| first1=P. \| last1=Fouque \| first2=E. \| last2=Gourgoulhon
			\| first3=P. \| last3=Chamaraux \| first4=G. \| last4=Paturel
			\| title=Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II – The catalogue of groups and group members
			\| journal=]
			\| date=1992 \| volume=93 \| pages=211–233
			\| bibcode=1992A&AS...93..211F
			}}</ref><ref name="garcia1993">{{cite journal
			\| first1=A. \| last1=Garcia \| date=1993
	\| title=General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups		\| title=General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups
	\| journal=]		\| journal=]
	\| volume=100 \| pages=47–90		\| volume=100 \| pages=47–90
	\| bibcode=1993A&AS..100...47G		\| bibcode=1993A&AS..100...47G
	}}</ref><ref name="giuricinetal2002">		}}</ref><ref name="giuricinetal2002">{{cite journal
			\| first1=G. \| last1=Giuricin \| first2=C. \| last2=Marinoni
	{{cite journal
	\| ~~author~~=G. ~~Giuricin~~ \| ~~author2~~=~~C. Marinoni~~ \| ~~author3~~=L. ~~Ceriani~~ \| ~~author4~~=A. Pisani		\| first3=L. \| last3=Ceriani \| first4=A. \| last4=Pisani
			\| title=Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups
	\| date=2000
			\| journal=]
	\| title=Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups
			\| date=2000 \| volume=543 \| issue=1 \| pages=178–194
	\| journal=]
			\| bibcode=2000ApJ...543..178G \| doi=10.1086/317070
	\| volume=543
			\| arxiv=astro-ph/0001140 \| s2cid=9618325 \| display-authors=1
	\| issue=1 \| pages=178–194
	\| bibcode=2000ApJ...543..178G
	\| doi=10.1086/317070
	\| arxiv = astro-ph/0001140
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

			]
	==Supernova==
			] and ] instruments.]]
	A ], designated as ], was discovered in M95 on 16 March 2012.<ref name=DeepSkyVideos>{{cite web\|title=Deep Sky Videos\|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/DeepSkyVideos?feature=watch\|accessdate=19 March 2012}}</ref><ref name=BadAstronomyM95>{{cite web\|title=Supernova 2012aw: the pictures!\|url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/03/20/supernova-2012aw-the-pictures/\|accessdate=19 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams">{{cite web\|title=List of Recent Supernovae\|url=http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/RecentSupernovae.html\|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref>

			==See also==
			* ]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist\|colwidth=30em}}		{{reflist\|colwidth=30em}}
			{{notelist}}

	==External links==		==External links==
			{{commons category}}
	* {{WikiSky}}		* {{WikiSky}}
	*		*
	* {{APOD \|date=14 March 2007 \|title=Barred Spiral Galaxy M95}}		* {{APOD \|date=14 March 2007 \|title=Barred Spiral Galaxy M95}}
	* {{cite web\|last=Merrifield\|first=Michael\|title=Supernova in M95 – SN 2012aw and its progenitor\|url=http://www.deepskyvideos.com/videos/other/supernova_M95_star.html\|work=Deep ~~Space~~ Videos\|publisher=]}}		* {{cite web\|last=Merrifield\|first=Michael\|title=Supernova in M95 – SN 2012aw and its progenitor\|url=http://www.deepskyvideos.com/videos/other/supernova_M95_star.html\|work=Deep Sky Videos\|publisher=]}}

	{{Sky\|10\|43\|57.7\|+\|11\|42\|14\|32600000}}		{{Sky\|10\|43\|57.7\|+\|11\|42\|14\|32600000}}
			{{Portal bar\|Astronomy\|Stars\|Outer space}}

	{{Messier objects}}		{{Messier objects}}

	{{Ngc35}}		{{Ngc35}}

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	]		]
			]

Latest revision as of 03:23, 24 November 2024

Galaxy in the constellation Leo "M95" redirects here. For other uses, see M95 (disambiguation).

Messier 95
Hubble Space Telescope image of Messier 95
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Leo
Right ascension	10 43 57.7
Declination	+11° 42′ 14″
Redshift	778 ± 4 km/s
Distance	32.6 ± 1.4 Mly (10.0 ± 0.4 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)	9.7
Characteristics
Type	SB(r)b
Apparent size (V)	3′.1 × 2′.9
Other designations
NGC 3351, UGC 5850, PGC 32007

Messier 95, also known as M95 or NGC 3351, is a barred spiral galaxy about 33 million light-years away in the zodiac constellation Leo. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781, and catalogued by compatriot Charles Messier four days later. In 2012 its most recent supernova was discovered.

The galaxy has a morphological classification of SB(r)b, with the SBb notation indicating it is a barred spiral with arms that are intermediate on the scale from tightly to loosely wound, and an "(r)" meaning an inner ring surrounds the bar. The latter is a ring-shaped, circumnuclear star-forming region with a diameter of approximately 70,000 light-years (21,000 pc). The spiral structure extends outward from the ring.

Its ring structure is about 3.5×10 M_☉ (solar masses) in molecular gas and yields a star formation rate of 0.38 M_☉ yr. The star formation is occurring in at least five regions with diameters between 100 and 150 pc that are composed of several star clusters ranging in size from 1.7 to 4.9 pc. These individual clusters contain (1.8–8.7)×10 M_☉ of stars, and may be on the path to forming globular clusters.

A Type II supernova, designated as SN 2012aw, was discovered in M95 in 2012. The light curve of this displayed great flattening after 27 days, thus classifying it as a Type II-P, or "plateau", core-collapse supernova. The disappearance of the progenitor star was later confirmed from near-infrared imaging of the region. The brightness from the presumed red supergiant progenitor allowed its mass to be estimated as 12.5±1.5 M_☉.

M95 is one of several galaxies within the M96 Group, a group of galaxies in the constellation Leo, the other Messier objects of which are M96 and M105.

References

^ "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3351. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; et al. (2003). "Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations". Astrophysical Journal. 583 (2): 712–726. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129. Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. doi:10.1086/345430. S2CID 551714.
"Messier 95". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
^ Buta, Ronald J.; et al. (2007), Atlas of Galaxies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1−25, ISBN 978-0521820486.
Colina, L.; Garcia Vargas, M. L.; Mas-Hesse, J. M.; Alberdi, A.; Krabbe, A. (1997). "Nuclear Star-forming Structures and the Starburst–Active Galactic Nucleus Connection in Barred Spirals NGC 3351 and NGC 4303". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 484 (1): L41 – L45. Bibcode:1997ApJ...484L..41C. doi:10.1086/310766.
Hägele, Guillermo F.; et al. (June 2007), "Kinematics of gas and stars in the circumnuclear star-forming ring of NGC3351", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 378 (1): 163−178, arXiv:astro-ph/0703140, Bibcode:2007MNRAS.378..163H, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11751.x, S2CID 17402226
"Deep Sky Videos". YouTube. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
"Supernova 2012aw: the pictures!". Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
"List of Recent Supernovae". Retrieved 8 April 2012.
Bayless, Amanda J.; et al. (February 2013), "The Long-lived UV "Plateau" of SN 2012aw", The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 764 (1): 6, arXiv:1210.5496, Bibcode:2013ApJ...764L..13B, doi:10.1088/2041-8205/764/1/L13, S2CID 119291438, L13.
Fraser, Morgan (February 2016), "The disappearance of the progenitor of SN 2012aw in late-time imaging", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 456 (1): L16−L19, arXiv:1507.06579, Bibcode:2016MNRAS.456L..16F, doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slv168, S2CID 118145431.
Tully, R. B. (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-35299-4.
Fouque, P.; Gourgoulhon, E.; Chamaraux, P.; Paturel, G. (1992). "Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II – The catalogue of groups and group members". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 93: 211–233. Bibcode:1992A&AS...93..211F.
Garcia, A. (1993). "General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
Giuricin, G.; et al. (2000). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". Astrophysical Journal. 543 (1): 178–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0001140. Bibcode:2000ApJ...543..178G. doi:10.1086/317070. S2CID 9618325.
"Caught in the act". eso.org. Retrieved 2 September 2019.

meaning per year
1.8 to 8.7 million solar masses
On 16 March

External links

Messier 95 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
SEDS: Spiral Galaxy M95
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Barred Spiral Galaxy M95 (14 March 2007)
Merrifield, Michael. "Supernova in M95 – SN 2012aw and its progenitor". Deep Sky Videos. Brady Haran.

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Astronomical catalog List of NGC objects 3001–4000

New General Catalogue 3000 to 3499

Categories:

Latest revision as of 03:23, 24 November 2024

See also

References

External links