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2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), first seen during the 2019–20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak. The name "2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease" is a temporary designation from the World Health Organization (WHO).

No specific treatment verified by medical research standards (in the sense of systematic reviews of peer reviewed randomized controlled clinical trials) is available as of February 2020, so treatment is focused on alleviation of symptoms, which may include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath.

In its advanced stages, infection by 2019-nCoV can cause pneumonia and kidney failure.

Signs and symptoms

Those infected may be asymptomatic or have mild to severe symptoms, like fever, cough, shortness of breath, and diarrhoea. The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is estimated at 2 to 10 days by the World Health Organization, and 2 to 14 days by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Upper respiratory symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose or sore throat are less frequent.

Cases of severe infection can result in pneumonia, kidney failure, and death. Among the first 41 confirmed cases admitted to hospitals in Wuhan, 13 (32%) individuals required intensive care, and 6 (15%) individuals died. Many of those who died had other conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease that impaired their immune systems. As of 5 February 2020, the number of severe cases is 3,223 (13%) out of 24,567 with 990 having recovered.

Treatment research

Template:2019-20 Wuhan coronavirus data/Treatments given

Multiple lines of exploratory research into potential treatments for the disease were initiated in January 2020. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention started testing existing pneumonia treatments for efficacy in treating coronavirus-related pneumonia in late January. Investigations into the effectiveness of existing antivirals, including protease inhibitors like indinavir, saquinavir and lopinavir/ritonavir also started in late January. Examination of the RNA polymerase inhibitor remdesivir, interferon beta, and previously identified monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as possible treatments also started around the same period. Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) have created a database with 120 safe-in-man broad-spectrum antiviral agents and identified 31 drug candidates for treatment of 2019-nCoV.

In late January 2020, Chinese medical researchers expressed an intent to start clinical testing on remdesivir, chloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir, all of which seemed to have "fairly good inhibitory effects" on 2019-nCoV at the cellular level in exploratory research. On 2 February 2020, doctors in Thailand claimed to have treated a patient successfully with a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and the influenza drug oseltamivir.

References

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