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Messier 110
Dwarf elliptical galaxy Messier 110 in Andromeda
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Andromeda
Right ascension	00 40 22.05446
Declination	+41° 41′ 07.4963″
Redshift	−0.000804±0.000010
Heliocentric radial velocity	−241±3
Galactocentric velocity	−62±8
Distance	2,690 ± 90 kly (825 ± 28 kpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)	8.5
Absolute magnitude (V)	−16.5
Characteristics
Type	E5 pec
Apparent size (V)	21′.9 × 11′.0
Other designations
IRAS 00376+4124, LEDA 2429, M110, MCG +07-02-014, NGC 205, PGC 2429, UGC 426, CGCG 535-014

Messier 110, or M110, also known as NGC 205, is a dwarf elliptical galaxy that is a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy in the Local Group.

Early observational history

Charles Messier never included the galaxy in his list, but it was depicted by him, together with M32, on his drawing of "Nébuleuse D'Andromède", later known as the Andromeda Galaxy. A label of the drawing indicates that Messier first saw the object in 1773. M110 was independently discovered by Caroline Herschel on August 27, 1783; her brother William Herschel described her discovery in 1785. The suggestion to assign the galaxy a Messier number was made by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967, making it the last member of the Messier List.

Properties

This galaxy has a morphological classification of pec dE5, indicating a dwarf elliptical galaxy with a flattening of 50%. It is designated peculiar (pec) due to patches of dust and young blue stars near its center. This is unusual for dwarf elliptical galaxies in general, and the reason is unclear. Unlike M32, M110 lacks evidence for a supermassive black hole at its center.

The interstellar dust in M110 has a mass of (1.1–1.8)×10 M_☉ with a temperature of 18–22 K, and the interstellar gas has (4–7)×10 M_☉. The inner region has sweeping deficiencies in its interstellar medium IM, most likely expelled by supernova explosions. Tidal interactions with M31 may have stripped away a significant fraction of the expelled gas and dust, leaving the galaxy as a whole, as it presents, deficient in its IM density.

Novae have been detected in this galaxy, including one discovered in 1999, and another in 2002. The latter, designated EQ J004015.8+414420, had also been captured in images taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) that October.

Local context

About half of the Andromeda's satellite galaxies are orbiting it along a highly flattened plane, with 14 out of 16 following the same sense of rotation. One theory proposes that these 16 once belonged to a subhalo surrounding M110, then the group was broken up by tidal forces during a close encounter with Andromeda.

See also

• List of Messier objects

Notes

1. On August 10.
2. These astronomers refer to it as a nebula, per the understanding at the time

References

1. McConnachie, A. W.; et al. (2005). "Distances and metallicities for 17 Local Group galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 356 (4): 979–997. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..979M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x.
2. Dreyer, J. L. E.; Sinnott, R. W. (1988). Sinnott, R. W. (ed.). NGC 2000.0: The Complete New General Catalogue and Index Catalogues of Nebulae and Star Clusters by J. L. E. Dreyer. Sky Publishing Corporation and Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-933346-51-2.
3. ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.
4. ^ "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 205. Retrieved 2006-11-29.
5. "Messier 110". SEDS Messier Catalog. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
6. Angus, Garry W.; Coppin, Paul; Gentile, Gianfranco; Diaferio, Antonaldo (1 November 2016). "The potential role of NGC 205 in generating Andromeda's vast thin corotating plane of satellite galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 462 (3): 3221–3242. arXiv:1608.03763. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.462.3221A. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1822.
7. Batcheldor, D.; et al. (September 2013). "An STIS Atlas of Ca II Triplet Absorption Line Kinematics in Galactic Nuclei". The Astronomical Journal. 146 (3): 10. arXiv:1308.1983. Bibcode:2013AJ....146...67B. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/3/67. S2CID 59246892. 67.
8. "M 110". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
9. ^ Sandage, A.; Bedke, J. (1994). Carnegie Atlas of Galaxies. Carnegie Institution of Washington. ISBN 978-0-87279-667-6.
10. ^ Jones, K. G. (1991). Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-37079-0.
11. Herschel, William (1785). "On the construction of the heavens". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 75: 213–266. From p. 262: "There is a very considerable, broad, pretty faint, small nebula near it ; my Sister discovered it August 27, 1783, with a Newtonian 2-feet sweeper. It shews the same faint colour with the great one, and is, no doubt, in the neighborhood of it. It is not … ; but this is about two-thirds of a degree north preceding it, in a line parallel to β and ν Andromedae."
12. Jones, K. G. (1967). "Some New Notes on Messier's Catalogue". Sky & Telescope. 33: 156–158. Bibcode:1967S&T....33..156J.
13. ^ Ford, Holland C.; et al. (July 1973), "Planetary Nebulae in Local-Group Galaxies. I. Identifications in NGC 185, NGC 205, and NGC 221", Astrophysical Journal, 183: L73, Bibcode:1973ApJ...183L..73F, doi:10.1086/181255
14. Valluri, M.; et al. (2005). "The Low End of the Supermassive Black Hole Mass Function: Constraining the Mass of a Nuclear Black Hole in NGC 205 via Stellar Kinematics". The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (1): 137–152. arXiv:astro-ph/0502493. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..137V. doi:10.1086/430752. S2CID 16397125.
15. De Looze, I.; et al. (July 2012). "Herschel and JCMT observations of the early-type dwarf galaxy NGC 205". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 423 (3): 2359–2373. arXiv:1204.1264. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.423.2359D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21044.x. S2CID 34911811.
16. van den Bergh, S. (2000). "Updated Information on the Local Group". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 112 (770): 529–536. arXiv:astro-ph/0001040. Bibcode:2000PASP..112..529V. doi:10.1086/316548. S2CID 1805423.
17. "Forum di Astronomia Amatoriale Italiano".
18. Angus, Garry W.; Coppin, Paul; Gentile, Gianfranco; Diaferio, Antonaldo (November 2016). "The potential role of NGC 205 in generating Andromeda's vast thin corotating plane of satellite galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 462 (3): 3221–3242. arXiv:1608.03763. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.462.3221A. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1822. S2CID 56154943.

External links

• Messier 110 Data Sheed and additional information – Telescopius. (Deep Sky Objects Browser has been renamed and reformatted – the old links below no longer work correctly)
• Messier 110 data sheet, altitude charts, sky map and related objects Archived 2013-10-16 at the Wayback Machine – Deep Sky Objects Browser
• Messier 110 amateur astrophotography – Deep Sky Objects Browser
• Messier 110 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
• SEDS: Elliptical Galaxy M110
• Fohring, Dora; Merrifield, Michael. "M110 – Dwarf Galaxy". Deep Sky Videos. Brady Haran.

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v t e Andromeda Galaxy
Location	Andromeda Galaxy → Andromeda subgroup → Local Group → Local Sheet → Virgo Supercluster → Laniakea Supercluster → Local Hole → Observable universe → Universe Each  → may be read as "within" or "part of".
Satellite galaxies	M32 M110 NGC 185 NGC 147 Andromeda I Andromeda II Andromeda III Andromeda IV* Andromeda V Andromeda VI Andromeda VII Andromeda VIII Andromeda IX Andromeda X Andromeda XI Andromeda XII Andromeda XIII Andromeda XIV Andromeda XV Andromeda XVI Andromeda XVII Andromeda XVIII Andromeda XIX Andromeda XX Andromeda XXI Andromeda XXII Andromeda XXIII Andromeda XXIV Andromeda XXV Andromeda XXVI Andromeda XXVII Andromeda XXVIII Andromeda XXIX Triangulum subgroup* *It is uncertain whether these are companion galaxies of the Andromeda Galaxy
Catalogued stars	AE Andromedae AF Andromedae M31-RV
Other	Andromeda–Milky Way collision S Andromedae Mayall II M32p NGC 206 3XMM J004232.1+411314
Category

v t e Constellation of Andromeda
Adhil Andromeda in Chinese astronomy List of Andromeda's satellite galaxies List of stars in Andromeda
Stars	Bayer α (Alpheratz) β (Mirach) γ (Almach) δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ (Adhil) ο π ρ σ τ υ (Titawin) φ χ ψ ω A b c υ Per (Nembus) Flamsteed 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 (Veritate) 15 18 22 23 26 28 32 36 39 41 44 45 47 55 56 58 59 63 64 65 66 6 Per Variable R T U W Z RT RV RX SU SW TU TW WZ XZ AB AC AD AE AF AR BM BX CC CG CN DS DX EG ET EU FF GO GP GQ GX GR GY HH HN IW KK KX KZ LL LN LP LQ OP OS OU PX PY QR QV QX V385 V428 V439 V455 V529 V807 HR 1 40 56 78 104 122 134 178 275 282 283 289 379 410 483 687 746 748 8884 8925 8950 8962 8973 9011 9074 9075 9105 HD 16175 (Buna) 222155 Other 3XMM J004232.1+411314 ADS 48 HAT-P-6 (Sterrennacht) HAT-P-16 HAT-P-19 HAT-P-28 M31-RV KELT-1 NGC 44 NGC 82 NGC 84 NGC 91 NGC 162 NGC 464 Qatar-3 Qatar-4 Qatar-5 PA-99-N2 WASP-1 WISE 0146+4234 WISE J0005+3737 WISE J004945.61+215120.0
Exoplanets 14 Andromedae b κ Andromedae b υ Andromedae b c d Gliese 15 Ab c HD 13931 b HD 16175 b HAT-P-6b HAT-P-32b WASP-1b WASP-33b Qatar-4b Qatar-5b
Star clusters	NGC 206 272 752 956 7686 Other Mayall II RBC EXT8
Nebulae	NGC 7662
Galaxies	Messier 32 110 NGC 5 11 13 19 20 21 27 39 43 48 49 51 67 68 69 70 71 72 74 76 79 80 81 83 85 86 90 93 94 96 97 108 109 112 140 149 160 169 181 183 184 214 218 226 228 229 233 243 252 258 260 262 280 304 317 389 393 404 425 431 477 512 513 523 528 529 531 536 542 561 605 620 668 679 687 700 703 704 705 708 709 710 712 714 717 721 732 753 759 801 812 834 891 906 910 911 912 913 920 937 980 995 996 999 1000 7640 7836 Numbered I II III IV V VIII IX X XI XVIII XIX XXI Other 3C 66A 3C 66B Andromeda Galaxy Arp 273 Donatiello I UGC 1840
Galaxy clusters Abell 262 NGC 68 group
Astronomical events GRB 101225A SN 1885A (S)
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v t e Messier objects
List	M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20 M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 M28 M29 M30 M31 M32 M33 M34 M35 M36 M37 M38 M39 M40 M41 M42 M43 M44 M45 M46 M47 M48 M49 M50 M51 M52 M53 M54 M55 M56 M57 M58 M59 M60 M61 M62 M63 M64 M65 M66 M67 M68 M69 M70 M71 M72 M73 M74 M75 M76 M77 M78 M79 M80 M81 M82 M83 M84 M85 M86 M87 M88 M89 M90 M91 M92 M93 M94 M95 M96 M97 M98 M99 M100 M101 M102 M103 Added M104 M105 M106 M107 M108 M109 M110
See also	Caldwell catalogue Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars Herschel 400 Catalogue Index Catalogue New General Catalogue Revised New General Catalogue
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