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The Nechaui were a Native American tribe from eastern Texas. Their name is thought to be derived from Nachawi, the Caddo language word for Osage orange.

History

The Nechaui were part of the Hasinai branch of the Caddo Confederacy. During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, their principal village was located on the Neches River, in present-day Cherokee County, Texas.

In the late 17th century, Spanish explorer, Francisco Casañas de Jesús María encountered the tribe and wrote, "Toward the north, where the above-mentioned Necha tribe ends, is that called the Nacachau." The Nechaui settled near the Nacono and Neche tribes. In 1716, another Spanish explorer, Domingo Ramón wrote that Franciscan friars established a mission to convert the Nechaui and neighboring Hasinai tribes.

Ultimately, they assimilated into other Hasinai tribes in the 18th century, and are enrolled in the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma today.

Synonymy

The tribe is also known as the Nechavi.

Notes

1. Sturtevant, 617
2. ^ Nechaui Indians. Handbook of Texas Online. (retrieved 9 Sept 2009)
3. ^ The Nacachau, Nechaui and Nacono Tribes. Access Genealogy. (retrieved 9 Sept 2009)
4. Bolton, 34
5. Sturtevant, 629

References

• Bolton, Herbet E. The Hasinais: Southern Caddoans As Seen by the Earliest Europeans. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-8061-3441-3.
• Sturtevant, William C., general editor and Raymond D. Fogelson, volume editor. Handbook of North American Indians: Southeast. Volume 14. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2004. ISBN 0-16-072300-0.

External links

• Nechaui Indians, from Handbook of Texas Online

v t e Native American tribes in Texas
Federally recognized tribes	Alabama–Coushatta Kickapoo Traditional Tribe Ysleta del Sur Pueblo
Indigenous languages	Araname Atacapan Borrado Caddo Coahuiltecan Cotoname Garzan Pakawan Solano Tamaulipecan Tanpachoan Tiwa Tonkawan Wichita
Historical Indigenous peoples of Texas (Several are in Oklahoma today)	Adai Anxau Apache (Lipan Apache, Querecho) Aranama Atakapa (Akokna, Akokisa, Bidai, Deadose) Caddo (Eyeish, Hasinai, Hainai, Kadohadacho, Nabedache, Nabiti, Nacogdoche, Nacono, Nadaco, Nanatsoho, Lower Nasoni, Neche, Nechaui) Cherokee, Texas Coahuiltecan (Ervipiame, Pajalat, Payaya, Sijame, Xarames) Comanche Decose Emet Jumanos Karankawa (Copano) Kohani Mayeye Pachal Pacoa Paguame Pampopa Papanac Pastia Pasxa Patiri Pulacuam Sana Saracuam Semonam Tamique Teyas Tilijae Tomoacas Tonkawa Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Kichai, Taovaya, Tawakoni, Waco, Wichita proper) Yojuane
Related topics	Sam Houston and Native American relations
extinct language / extinct tribe / early, obsolete name of Indigenous tribe / people absorbed into other tribe(s) / headquartered in Oklahoma today

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Upper Mississippian cultures	Oneota Anker Beattie Park Blood Run Carcajou Point Fifield Fisher Mound Group Gentleman Farm Grand Village of the Illinois Griesmer Hartley Fort Hotel Plaza Hoxie Farm Huber Juntunen Knoll Spring Mero site Moccasin Bluff Oak Forest Palos Plum Island Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs Schwerdt Summer Island Fort Ancient culture Alligator Effigy Mound Clover Dodge Leo Petroglyph Serpent Mound SunWatch Indian Village
Culture	Agriculture Beans Chenopodium Little barley Maize Marshelder Pumpkin Squash Sunflower Three Sisters Tobacco Artwork Emmons mask Copper plates Rogan plates Spiro plates Wulfing cache Duck River cache Long-nosed god maskette Mill Creek chert Pottery Shell gorget Stone statuary Languages Caddoan Central Algonquian Cherokee Mobilian Jargon Muskogean Natchez Taensa Siouan Timucuan Tunican Yuchi Religion Ballgame (Southeastern) Northern Black drink Burial mound Ceremonial pipe Chanunpa Chunkey Earth/fertility cult Green Corn Ceremony Horned Serpent Platform mound Red Horn Sacred bundle Village bundle Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Stone box grave Thunderbird Underwater panther
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