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Nitratoauric acid

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Chemical compound
Nitratoauric acid
Names
IUPAC name Hydrogen tetranitratoaurate(III)
Other names
  • Gold(III) nitrate
  • Auronitric acid
  • Gold(III) hydrogen nitrate
  • Aurinitric acid
Identifiers
CAS Number
ChemSpider
EC Number
  • 236-687-0
PubChem CID
Properties
Chemical formula HAu(NO3)4
Molar mass 445.99 g/mol (anhydrous)
500.04 g/mol (trihydrate)
Appearance Brown Crystals
Density 2.84 g/cm
Melting point 72.6 °C (162.7 °F; 345.8 K)
Solubility in water Hydrolyzes
Solubility in nitric acid Insoluble (0 °C)
Soluble (30 °C)
Structure
Crystal structure Monoclinic
Space group C2/c
Lattice constant a = 1214.5 pm, b = 854.4 pm, c = 1225.7 pm
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards Oxidizing
GHS labelling:
Pictograms GHS03: Oxidizing
Signal word Danger
Hazard statements H272, H302, H312, H315, H318, H332, H335
Precautionary statements P210, P220, P221, P261, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate
1 0 2OX
Related compounds
Other anions Chloroauric acid
Other cations Potassium tetranitratoaurate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Infobox references
Chemical compound

Nitratoauric acid, hydrogen tetranitratoaurate, or simply called gold(III) nitrate is a crystalline gold compound that forms the trihydrate, HAu(NO3)4·3H2O or more correctly H5O2Au(NO3)4·H2O. This compound is an intermediate in the process of extracting gold. In older literature it is also known as aurinitric acid.

Preparation and reactions

Nitratoauric acid is prepared by the reaction of gold(III) hydroxide and concentrated nitric acid at 100 °C:

Au(OH)3 + 4HNO3 → HAu(NO3)4 + 3 H2O

This compound reacts with potassium nitrate to form potassium tetranitratoaurate at 0 °C:

HAu(NO3)4 + KNO3 → KAu(NO3)4 + HNO3

Properties

Nitratoauric acid trihydrate decomposes to the monohydrate at 72 °C. If continually heated to 203 °C, it decomposes to auric oxide.

Simple gold(III) nitrate

The production of the simple nitrate (Au(NO3)3) was reported from the reaction of gold oxide and dinitrogen pentoxide, however, this was later proven to be nitronium tetranitratoaurate ((NO2)Au(NO3)4).

However, the ammine complex of the simple gold nitrate is known. Au(NH3)4(NO3)3, also known as tetraaminegold(III) nitrate, is produced by the addition of ammonium nitrate to a solution of chloroauric acid. The hydrolysis of this compound produces fulminating gold.

References

  1. ^ "Gold Nitrate". ESPI Metals.
  2. ^ Oliver Büchner; Mathias S. Wickleder (2004). "Tetranitratogoldsäure, (H5O2)·H2O: Synthese, Kristallstruktur und thermisches Verhalten des ersten sauren Nitrates des Goldes". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 630 (7): 1079–1083. doi:10.1002/zaac.200400092.
  3. A. Jamieson Walker (1924). The Alkali-metals and Their Congeners. the University of California: C. Griffin. p. 349.
  4. D. P. Graddon; H. Taube; A. G. Maddock (2017). An Introduction to Co-Ordination Chemistry (Ebook) (2nd ed.). Elsevier Science. p. 148. ISBN 9781483184111.
  5. ^ Harry Mann Gordin (1913). Elementary Chemistry (1 ed.). the University of Wisconsin - Madison: Medico-dental Publishing Company. p. 437.
  6. Ripan R., Chetyanu I. (1972). Inorganic chemistry. Chemistry of metals. Vol. 2. Moscow: World.
  7. B. O. Field; C. J. Hardy (1964). "Volatile and anhydrous nitrato-complexes of metals: preparation by the use of dinitrogen pentoxide, and measurement of infrared spectra". Journal of the Chemical Society: 4428–4434. doi:10.1039/JR9640004428.
  8. Mathias S. Wickleder; Oliver Büchner; Frauke Gerlach; Mandus Necke; Katharina Al-Shamery; Thomas Wich; Tim Luttermann (2008). "Synthesis, Characterization and Electron Beam Assisted Decomposition of (NO2)". Chemistry of Materials. 20 (16): 5181–5185. doi:10.1021/cm800066r.
  9. Weishaupt, Martin; Strähle, Joachim (1976). "Kristallstruktur und Schwingungsspektrum des Tetrammingold(III) -nitrats" [Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectrum of Tetraamminegold(III)-Nitrate]. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (in German). 31 (5): 554–557. doi:10.1515/znb-1976-0505.
  10. Skibsted, L. H.; Bjerrum, Jannik (1974). "Studies on Gold Complexes. I. Robustness, Stability and Acid Dissociation of the Tetramminegold(III) Ion". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 28: 740–746. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.28a-0740.
  11. Michel Manfait; Alain J.P. Alix; Charles Kappenstein (1981). "Raman and infrared studies of the square planar tetraammine gold(III) nitrate and its deuterate". Inorganica Chimica Acta. 50: 147–152. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)83735-4.
Gold compounds
Gold(-I)
Gold(I)
Organogold(I) compounds
  • (AuC6H2(CH3)3)5
  • (C2H5)3PAuSC5H5O(CO2CH3)3CH2OCOCH3
  • AuSC5H5O(OH)3CH2OH
  • NaAuSCH2CHOHCH2SO3
  • BrAuSC4H8
  • ClAuSC4H8
  • ClAuS(CH3)2
  • ClAuP(C6H5)3
  • Na2AuSCHCO2CH2CO2
  • NaAuSCHCO2CH2CO2H
    • Gold(II)
    Gold(I,III)
    Gold(III)
    Aurates(III)
  • HAuCl4
  • NaAuCl4
  • HAuBr4
  • HAu(NO3)4
  • ClO2Au(ClO4)4
  • NaAuO2
    • Gold(V)
    Gold(VI)
    Categories: