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STX6
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2NPS, 4J2C
Identifiers
Aliases	STX6, syntaxin 6
External IDs	OMIM: 603944; MGI: 1926235; HomoloGene: 115622; GeneCards: STX6; OMA:STX6 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human) Band 1q25.3 Start 180,972,712 bp End 181,023,121 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse) Band 1|1 G3 Start 155,034,461 bp End 155,084,002 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in secondary oocyte endothelial cell gingival epithelium ganglionic eminence Brodmann area 23 skin of thigh skin of hip monocyte primary visual cortex cartilage tissue Top expressed in external carotid artery internal carotid artery Rostral migratory stream conjunctival fornix epithelium of lens medullary collecting duct endocardial cushion hair follicle left lung lobe Gonadal ridge More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding syntaxin binding SNAP receptor activity SNARE binding Cellular component membrane plasma membrane SNARE complex early endosome phagocytic vesicle perinuclear region of cytoplasm clathrin-coated vesicle trans-Golgi network integral component of membrane Golgi membrane trans-Golgi network membrane Golgi apparatus nucleoplasm cytosol synaptic vesicle integral component of synaptic vesicle membrane endomembrane system Biological process endosome organization regulation of protein localization vesicle docking retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi Golgi vesicle transport protein transport vesicle fusion Golgi ribbon formation vesicle-mediated transport intracellular protein transport endocytic recycling synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 10228 58244 Ensembl ENSG00000135823 ENSMUSG00000026470 UniProt O43752 Q9JKK1 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001286210 NM_005819 NM_021433 RefSeq (protein) NP_001273139 NP_005810 NP_067408 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 180.97 – 181.02 Mb Chr 1: 155.03 – 155.08 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Syntaxin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX6 gene.

Interactions

STX6 has been shown to interact with SNAP23, VAMP3 and VAMP4.

N terminal protein domain

The protein domain Syntaxin 6 N terminal protein domain is a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) found in endosomal transport vesicles. It is part of the family, of target SNAREs (t-SNAREs). It is a vital aid to exporting and importing cell cargo through a process called cell trafficking. Its SNARE motif shows significant homology to both syntaxin 1a and S25C, indicating similarity through evolutionary conservation. The structure of the syntaxin 6 N-terminal domain shows strong structural similarity with the N-terminal domains of syntaxin 1a, Sso1p, and Vam3p; despite a very low level of sequence similarity. SNARE functions essentially as a tether to hold the vesicle. The cytoplasmic regions of SNARE found on transport vesicles and target membranes interact, then a four-helix coiled coil forms. This links the cell membrane and vesicles together in such a way that it overcomes the energetic barrier to fusing two lipid bilayers. This is the way cell cargo is exchanged. This particular entry focuses on the N-terminal domain of Syntaxin 6.

Structure

Members of this entry, which are found in the amino terminus of various SNARE proteins, adopt a structure consisting of an antiparallel three-helix bundle. Their exact function has not been determined, though it is known that they regulate the SNARE motif, as well as mediate various protein-protein interactions involved in membrane-transport.

Function

SNAREs play a vital role in the trafficking of cell cargo. The vesicles fuse to the cell membrane with the help of SNARE proteins. The SNARE motifs form a four-helix bundle that contributes to the fusion of two membranes. More specifically, the N-terminal domain binds to the SNARE motif, and this intramolecular interaction decreases the rate of association with the partner SNARE. However the N terminal domain's function still remains to fully elucidated.

References

1. ^ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135823 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026470 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Martín-Martín B, Nabokina SM, Lazo PA, Mollinedo F (March 1999). "Co-expression of several human syntaxin genes in neutrophils and differentiating HL-60 cells: variant isoforms and detection of syntaxin 1" (PDF). Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 65 (3): 397–406. doi:10.1002/jlb.65.3.397. hdl:10261/59829. PMID 10080545. S2CID 18988377.
6. "Entrez Gene: STX6 syntaxin 6".
7. Martín-Martín B, Nabokina SM, Blasi J, Lazo PA, Mollinedo F (October 2000). "Involvement of SNAP-23 and syntaxin 6 in human neutrophil exocytosis". Blood. 96 (7): 2574–83. doi:10.1182/blood.V96.7.2574. PMID 11001914.
8. ^ Mallard F, Tang BL, Galli T, Tenza D, Saint-Pol A, Yue X, et al. (February 2002). "Early/recycling endosomes-to-TGN transport involves two SNARE complexes and a Rab6 isoform". The Journal of Cell Biology. 156 (4): 653–64. doi:10.1083/jcb.200110081. PMC 2174079. PMID 11839770.
9. Jung JJ, Inamdar SM, Tiwari A, Choudhury A (August 2012). "Regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking and cell dynamics by syntaxin-6". Bioscience Reports. 32 (4): 383–91. doi:10.1042/BSR20120006. PMC 3392101. PMID 22489884.
10. ^ Misura KM, Bock JB, Gonzalez LC, Scheller RH, Weis WI (July 2002). "Three-dimensional structure of the amino-terminal domain of syntaxin 6, a SNAP-25 C homolog". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (14): 9184–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.132274599. PMC 123115. PMID 12082176.

Further reading

• Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (April 1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Analytical Biochemistry. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
• Bock JB, Lin RC, Scheller RH (July 1996). "A new syntaxin family member implicated in targeting of intracellular transport vesicles". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (30): 17961–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.30.17961. PMID 8663448.
• Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, et al. (April 1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Research. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
• Simonsen A, Lippé R, Christoforidis S, Gaullier JM, Brech A, Callaghan J, et al. (July 1998). "EEA1 links PI(3)K function to Rab5 regulation of endosome fusion". Nature. 394 (6692): 494–8. Bibcode:1998Natur.394..494S. doi:10.1038/28879. PMID 9697774. S2CID 4305220.
• Wong SH, Xu Y, Zhang T, Griffiths G, Lowe SL, Subramaniam VN, et al. (January 1999). "GS32, a novel Golgi SNARE of 32 kDa, interacts preferentially with syntaxin 6". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 10 (1): 119–34. doi:10.1091/mbc.10.1.119. PMC 25158. PMID 9880331.
• Steegmaier M, Klumperman J, Foletti DL, Yoo JS, Scheller RH (June 1999). "Vesicle-associated membrane protein 4 is implicated in trans-Golgi network vesicle trafficking". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 10 (6): 1957–72. doi:10.1091/mbc.10.6.1957. PMC 25394. PMID 10359608.
• Simonsen A, Gaullier JM, D'Arrigo A, Stenmark H (October 1999). "The Rab5 effector EEA1 interacts directly with syntaxin-6". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (41): 28857–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.41.28857. PMID 10506127.
• Scales SJ, Chen YA, Yoo BY, Patel SM, Doung YC, Scheller RH (May 2000). "SNAREs contribute to the specificity of membrane fusion". Neuron. 26 (2): 457–64. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81177-0. PMID 10839363.
• Martín-Martín B, Nabokina SM, Blasi J, Lazo PA, Mollinedo F (October 2000). "Involvement of SNAP-23 and syntaxin 6 in human neutrophil exocytosis". Blood. 96 (7): 2574–83. doi:10.1182/blood.V96.7.2574. PMID 11001914.
• Wade N, Bryant NJ, Connolly LM, Simpson RJ, Luzio JP, Piper RC, James DE (June 2001). "Syntaxin 7 complexes with mouse Vps10p tail interactor 1b, syntaxin 6, vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)8, and VAMP7 in b16 melanoma cells" (PDF). The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (23): 19820–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M010838200. PMID 11278762. S2CID 38183181.
• Charest A, Lane K, McMahon K, Housman DE (August 2001). "Association of a novel PDZ domain-containing peripheral Golgi protein with the Q-SNARE (Q-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) attachment protein receptor) protein syntaxin 6". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (31): 29456–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104137200. PMID 11384996.
• Rotem-Yehudar R, Galperin E, Horowitz M (August 2001). "Association of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor with EHD1 and SNAP29". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (35): 33054–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009913200. PMID 11423532.
• Cheng J, Moyer BD, Milewski M, Loffing J, Ikeda M, Mickle JE, et al. (February 2002). "A Golgi-associated PDZ domain protein modulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator plasma membrane expression". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (5): 3520–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110177200. PMID 11707463.
• Mallard F, Tang BL, Galli T, Tenza D, Saint-Pol A, Yue X, et al. (February 2002). "Early/recycling endosomes-to-TGN transport involves two SNARE complexes and a Rab6 isoform". The Journal of Cell Biology. 156 (4): 653–64. doi:10.1083/jcb.200110081. PMC 2174079. PMID 11839770.
• Martinez-Arca S, Rudge R, Vacca M, Raposo G, Camonis J, Proux-Gillardeaux V, et al. (July 2003). "A dual mechanism controlling the localization and function of exocytic v-SNAREs". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (15): 9011–6. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.9011M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1431910100. PMC 166429. PMID 12853575.
• Kim BY, Ueda M, Kominami E, Akagawa K, Kohsaka S, Akazawa C (November 2003). "Identification of mouse Vps16 and biochemical characterization of mammalian class C Vps complex". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 311 (3): 577–82. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.030. PMID 14623309.
• Huynh H, Bottini N, Williams S, Cherepanov V, Musumeci L, Saito K, et al. (September 2004). "Control of vesicle fusion by a tyrosine phosphatase". Nature Cell Biology. 6 (9): 831–9. doi:10.1038/ncb1164. PMID 15322554. S2CID 25311826.

External links

• STX6 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
• STX6 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.

• Genes on human chromosome 1