Wanetsi | |
---|---|
وڼېڅي | |
Native to | Pakistan |
Region | Balochistan |
Native speakers | 150,000 (2020) |
Language family | Indo-European |
Writing system | Pashto alphabet |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | wne |
Glottolog | wane1241 |
Waṇetsi (Waneci: وڼېڅي), commonly called Tarīno (Waneci: ترينو), and sometimes Tsalgari (Waneci: څلګري), is a distinct variety of Pashto and is considered by some to be a different language. In some cases, Wanetsi shares similarities with the Pamir language of Munji, being a sort of bridge between the former and Pashto. It is perhaps a representation of a more archaic, or very early, form of Pashto.
It is spoken by the Tareen, Mashwani and other Pashtun tribes in Balochistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, primarily in Harnai (هرنای) (Harnai District) and Chawter (چوتېر) area in Sanjawi, Northern Balochistan, Pakistan. The language is at risk due to lack of attention and not liking it as a language by foreigners.
History
Professor Prods Oktor Skjærvø states:
"The Pashto area split into two dialect groups at a pre-literary period, represented today on the one hand by all the dialects of modern Pashto and on the other by Waṇeci and by archaic remains in other Southeast dialects"
— page 386
According to Encyclopædia Iranica Waṇetsi branched off from the other Pashto dialects in the Middle Iranian stage:
Some of Waṇetsi's particularities (e.g. šwī “twenty,” mōš “we,” γa “of;” the pres. endings; retention of rž; loss of -t-) prove that it must have split off from Paṣ̌to at an early Middle Iranic stage, considerably before the constitution of a standard Paṣ̌to. They can scarcely have developed after the arrival of the Waṇetsi speakers in their present home, which is in no way topographically cut off from the rest of Paṣ̌to territory. These speakers must rather represent the forerunners of the main Paṣ̌tūn movement towards the east, but when and where they split off is at present impossible to say.
— Section F.
Research
The first known linguistic research was conducted in 1929 by Georg Morgenstierne on Waṇetsi. Since then linguists like Josef Elfenbein have worked and researched on this archaic Pashto dialect. In his book, Syed Khair Muhammad Arif, "Tarin aw Tarīno" has also included a small dictionary of Waṇetsi. ٙBut much work remains to be done on understanding Waṇetsi.
Poetry
Tareeno Poem Recited by Nizamuddin NizamiProblems playing this file? See media help.
The Waṇetsi Poet Nizamuddin Nizami Tarin, a Spin Tarin from Chawter, has also compiled poetry in the language. An excerpt from his poem in Waṇetsi:
نيکۀ څېنه بړ سړا ده څۀ اړ توني چي بسيا ده |
How strong/capable grandfather is, that in a hill-locked place he is prosperous. |
—نظام الدین نظامي ترين |
Music
Khayam Tareen - Waṇetsi A one minute interlude of a song in the Tareeno language; sung by Khayām TareenProblems playing this file? See media help.
The singer Khayam Tareen (خيام ترين) has also sung songs in Waṇetsi.
Phonology
Consonants
- Waṇetsi has and for Pashto ښ and ږ, respectively.
- څ does not merge with but can be pronounced as and ځ does not merge with but can be pronounced as .
- is dropable in Waṇetsi e.g. هغه becomes اغه
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | ə | o |
Open | a | ɑ |
- Josef Elfenbein states: "ī and ū are not phonemically distinct from i and u respectively, and are pronounced and respectively when unstressed (and not and as in Kākaṛī), and and when stressed."
- There is a marked spontaneous tendency to palatalize "ī" as "yī" and "ē" as "yē"; and to labialize "ū" as "wū" and "ō" as "wo". Initial delabialization is common in "wū" as "ū" and "wō" as "ō".
- The stressed short "á" is often lengthened, and an unstressed long "ā" shortened.
- The standard weakening of final vowels in Waṇetsi makes the masculine-feminine gender distinction much less audible: and are not phonemically distinct when unstressed in any position. But stressed final ә́ is kept apart from stressed á as in general Pashto.
Nasalisation
Nasalisation میاں /mjɑ̃/بويں /buĩ/
مويں /muĩ/
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Waṇetsi also has vowel nasalisation which is transcribed as / ̃/ or ں in the Pashto alphabet.
Stress
Verbs
Like Pashto, verbs have final stress in the imperfective aspect and initial stress in the perfective aspect.
Imperfective
(mostly Final Stress) |
Meaning | Perfective
(Initial Stress) |
Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
چينستي
čīnastī́ |
I was sitting | چينستي
čī́nastī |
I sat down |
Examples:
Verb Stress Tareeno - Imperfective AspectPashto - Imperfective Aspect
Tareeno - Perfective Aspect
Pashto - Perfective Aspect
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Examples | |||
---|---|---|---|
Waṇetsi | Southeastern Pashto | Translation | |
Impefective
(čīnastī́) |
زې چينستي خو اغه راغيا | زه کښېناستم خو هغه راغله | I was sitting that she came |
ze čīnastī́ xo áğa rā́ğyā | zə kšenāstə́m xo hağá rā́ğla | ||
Perfective
(čī́nastī) |
زې چينستي | زه کښېناستم | I sat |
ze čī́nasti | zə kšénāstəm |
Words
Stress can also change the meaning of words, as in Pashto.
Example:
Word Stress: Example jṓṛajōṛá [pair
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Word | IPA: following general stress pattern | Meaning 1 | IPA: following exception stress pattern | Meaning 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
جوړه | /ˈd͡ʒoː.ɽa/ | well/healthy ;
agreement/peace |
/d͡ʒoː.ˈɽa/ | a pair |
Transliteration | jṓṛa | jōṛá |
Subdialects
Tarīno is subdivided into the Harnāi variety and the Chawter variety.
Grammatical comparison with general Pashto
Adpositions
Possessive
The possessive postposition غه is used instead of د
Waṇetsi | General Pashto | Translation |
---|---|---|
غه
ğa |
د
dә |
of |
Example:
Waṇetsi | Southeastern | Meaning | |
---|---|---|---|
Sentence | اندي وګړي چي موش پيار غه څټ لېژدي وي | په دې کلي کې زموږ د پلار ډېر غويان وو | In this village our father had many bulls. |
indī́ wagaṛī́ čī moš pyār ğa tsaṭ leždī́ wī | pə de kə́li ke zmuž də plār ḍer ğwayā́n wu |
Idiomatic Expression
Tareeno also varies from Pashto in idiomatic expression.
Example:
Idiomatic Expression - Example Nahī́rTareeno Sentence
Pashto Sentence
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نهير /nahī́r/ “thought” - used with the verb to hit
Tareeno | Southeastern Pashto | Meaning | |
---|---|---|---|
ته دا نهير وله | ته داسې سوچ وکړه | Think like this | |
tə dā nahīr wū́la | |||
you this thought hit | you like-this thought do |
Verbal Suffixes
First Person Suffix
The first person verbal suffixes also change:
Waṇetsi | Pashto | Translation | Change noted |
---|---|---|---|
زې کي
ze ki |
زه کوم
zә kawә́m |
I do | م ← ي
i ←әm |
زې وايي
ze wāyi |
زه وايم
zә wāyә́m |
I say |
Second Person Suffix
Feminine Second Person د يوګړي دپاره وياړه او د ډېرګړي دپار وياړې Translation: For the singular: "wyā́ra" and for the plural "wyā́re"Problems playing this file? See media help.
Some verbal suffixes like the feminine third person suffix are the same:
Waṇetsi | Pashto | Translation |
---|---|---|
وياړه
wyā́ṛa |
لاړه
lā́ṛa |
She went |
go:Aorist:Past:3Person:Singular:Feminine | ||
وياړې
wyā́re |
لاړې
lā́re |
They went |
go:Aorist:Past:3Person:Plural:Feminine |
Third Person Suffix
Past Suffix
Like standard Pashto the third person suffix for verbs with the root وتل the third person past suffix is different for the singular and plural.
Waṇetsi | Meaning | Standard |
---|---|---|
دغه سړا وته چووت
dága saṛá watə čə́wot |
that man entered it | دغه سړی ور ته ننووت
dága saṛáy war tə nə́nawot |
دغه سړي وته چواته
dága saṛí watə čə́wātə |
those men entered it | دغه سړی ور ته ننواته
dága saṛí war tə nə́nātə |
Comparison with general Pashto
Poetry
The following is provided by Zamir Gulbahar (ظمير ګلبهار), a Tareeno poet from Harnai:
Waṇetsi | Pashto |
---|---|
دلته مزي کزي کار ده |
دلته زورور او کمزوری کار دی |
Lexical Comparison
The following list has been provided by the Waṇetsi poet Nizamuddin Nizami
Waṇetsi Pashto | Southeastern Pashto | Meaning | |
---|---|---|---|
تره ژمي | taražmī́ | ترژومۍ | the time of the evening where the darkness has not been fully come;
the night where the moon is hidden |
غوبله | ğūblə́ | قبله | Kiblah |
لهه | láha | شېله | a watercourse in which rain water flows
and ultimately joins a river |
لهړ | laháṛ | مانده | weak; tired |
ژله | žə́la | ږغل | sludge, gravel |
کولي | kūlí | کوډل | shack |
پرڅله | partsála | برنډه | veranda |
ګوګ | gōg | روشندان | roshandan; combined skylight and ventilating window. |
ارغولا | arğōlá | لنګر | kitchen |
غوله | ğṓla | صحن | patio |
اربوی | orbṓy | هوېلي | haveli |
درګه | dárga | دروازه/وړ | door |
لېښت | lešt | لښته | stick |
کاوي | kā́wi | لوښي | dishes |
غاب | ğāb | ټولګي | plate |
منګوټا | mangōṭá | کټو | cooking pot |
چمچره | čimčarə́ | کشهغه | spoon |
کړېڅي | kṛetsí | د لرګي چمچي | a wooden spon |
شپې تنا | špe tə̃ná | د شپې ځای | the place for the night |
رېبون | rebún | قميص | shirt |
بخڅه | buxtsə́ | بوتوه | purse |
لاس وينځونه | lās winzū́na | واشبېسن, سلمچي | washbasin |
ګوډي | guḍī́ | غړک | the handle for the press used to make buttermilk |
بدني | badnī́ | لوټه | a small jug/bucket |
دنګ | dang | بوتل | bottle |
مېژوا | mežwá | مېژوی | peg; tethering post; tied on a horse |
خولبزه | xōlbáza | سرپوښ | lid, dish cover |
لېڅکي | letskí | پرړه | rope |
تبخا | tabxá | ټګونه | a flat pan |
منګا | mangá | منګی | earthenware waterpot |
رنګلون | ranglū́n | د رنګ لوټه | a container for colour |
وړکې | waṛáke | وړۍ | wool |
پوړدګ | pōrdág | پرتوګ | pant |
پاخلې | pā́xle | پایڅې | the openings of a pant near the ankle; cuffs/hems |
پټکا | paṭká | پټکی | turban |
ییر | yayə́r | راشن | ration |
غوړنه | ğwaṛə́na | کتنپلاوی | overseer/oversight |
توڼه | tū́ṇa | بازار | market |
Sentence Comparison
Sample 1
Sentence Comparison: Sample 1 Sentence 1: Wanetsi خور کو مې اغه توني ته نزدې دهSentence 1: Southeastern د خور کور مې هغې ځای ته نژدې دی
Sentence 2: Wanetsi زې اوبه غوزي
Sentence 2: Southeastern زه اوبه څښم
Sentence 3: Wanetsi موش څه غندم وکورو بیار بې وته درمو
Sentence 3: Southeastern موږ چې غنم وکرو نو بيا به ورځو
Sentence 4: Wanetsi ته غره یې کوز سه بیار به دې وسره خبرې وکي
Sentence 4: Southeastern ته د غرۀ نه راکوشه نو بيا به در سره خبررې وکړم
Sentence 5: Wanetsi آ چوره دې لونډه خوره
Sentence 5: Southeastern هغه نجلۍ ډوډۍ خوري
Sentence 6: Wanetsi ما لوشي واخسته
Sentence 6: Southeastern ما جامې واغستې
Sentence 7: Wanetsi ته بي ښار ته ویاړې
Sentence 7: Southeastern ته بل ښار ته لاړې
Sentence 8: Wanetsi زمي چي دلته واوره ورېده
Sentence 8: Southeastern ژمي کې دلته واوره ورېده
Sentence 9: Wanetsi مور یې مچنې ډلي
Sentence 9: Southeastern مور يې مېچنې ګرځولې
Sentence 10: Wanetsi ما واده چي لبه که
Sentence 10: Southeastern زه ګډېدم په وادۀ کې
Sentence 11: Wanetsi ته بډا سوې
Sentence 11: Southeastern ته بوډه شوې
Sentence 12: Wanetsi اغه ښځې اندي توني يه اورته ویاړه
Sentence 12: Southeastern هغه ښځه دې ځاي نه هلته لاړه
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The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami
Sample 1 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Sentence No.
|
Waṇetsi | General
|
Translation |
1 | خور کور مې اغه توني ته نزدې ده | د خور کور مې هغې ځای ته نژدې دی | My sister's house is near to that place |
xūr kōr me áğa tūni tə nizdé da | də xor kor me háğe dzāy tə niždé day | ||
2 | زې اوبه غوزي | زه اوبه څښم | I am drinking water |
ze obə́ ğozí | zə obə́ čšə́m | ||
3 | موش څه غندم وکورو بیار بې وته درمو | موږ چې غنم وکرو نو بيا به ورځو | Once we plant the wheat, then we will go |
moš tsə ğandə́m wə́ kōru byār be watə dramū́ | muž če ğanə́m wə́ karu no byā ba war dzú | ||
4 | ته غره یې کوز سه بیار به دې وسره خبرې وکي | ته د غرۀ نه راکوشه نو بيا به در سره خبررې وکړم | You come down from the mountain, then i will talk to you |
tə ğrə ye kū́z sa byār bə de wasará xabə́re wə́ kī | tə də ğrə na rā́kuša no byā bə dar sará xabə́re wə́ kṛam | ||
5 | آ چوره دې لونډه خوره | هغه نجلۍ ډوډۍ خوري | That girl over there is eating food |
ā čwára de lū́nḍa xwrə́ | háğa njalə́i ḍoḍə́i xwri | ||
6 | ما لوشي واخسته | ما جامې واغستې | I wore clothes |
mā lōší wā́xstə | mā jāmé wāğaste | ||
7 | ته بي ښار ته ویاړې | ته بل ښار ته لاړې | You went to anothercity |
tə bi šār tə wyā́ṛe | tə bəl šār tə lā́ṛe | ||
8 | زمي چي دلته واوره ورېده | ژمي کې دلته واوره ورېده | In winter it was snowing here |
zə́mi či də́lta wā́wra waredá | žə́mi ke də́lta wā́wra waredá | ||
9 | مور یې مچنې ډلي | مور يې مېچنې ګرځولې | His/her/there mother was working the hand-mills |
mor ye mečə́ne ḍalī́ | mor ye mečə́ne gardzawlé | ||
10 | ما واده چي لبه که | زه ګډېدم په وادۀ کې | I was dancing in the wedding |
mā wādə́ či lába ká | zə gaḍedə́m pə wādə́ ke | ||
11 | ته بډا سوې | ته بوډه شوې | You have become old |
tə buḍā́ swe | tə budá šwe | ||
12 | اغه ښځې اندي توني يه اورته ویاړه | هغه ښځه دې ځاي نه هلته لاړه | That woman went from this place to therere |
áğa šə́dze indī́ tūní ya ortá wyā́ṛa | háğa šə́dza de dzáyi na hálta lā́ṛa |
Sample 2
Sentence Comparison: Sample 2 Sentence 1: Wanetsi کاډي وچلوهSentence 1: Southeastern ګاډی وچلوه
Sentence 2: Wanetsi ته اورته مه درمه
Sentence 2: Southeastern ته هاغې خوا ته مه ځه
Sentence 3: Wanetsi اور بلو ده که مړ
Sentence 3: Southeastern اور بل دی که مړ
Sentence 4: Wanetsi اغه خلک دې ارغولي اوره مندې کاوي چینه وین
Sentence 4: Southeastern هغوی خلک د نغري په او ر لوښي اېږدي
Sentence 5: Wanetsi درګه بند نه وي نو دغه سړه وته چوته
Sentence 5: Southeastern ور بند نه و نو دغه سړی پې ور ننوتۀ
Sentence 6: Wanetsi اس پرېووت
Sentence 6: Southeastern اس پرېووت
Sentence 7: Wanetsi څوړي لا وړې دي او نهړې دي داګایه دې نه سین الوتا
Sentence 7: Southeastern مرغۍ لا وړې او کمزورې دي ځکه نه شي اوتلې
Sentence 8: Wanetsi ونه دې پرې که ده
Sentence 8: Southeastern ونه دې پرې کړې ده
Sentence 9: Wanetsi اغه مځکې یه غندم ورېبه
Sentence 9: Southeastern هغې ځمکې نه غنم ورېبه
Sentence 10: Wanetsi څه ووړه تېر سه نو بې اسپې تا مندې خرڅې کي
Sentence 10: Southeastern اوړي تېر شي نو اسپې به درباندې خرڅوم
Sentence 11: Wanetsi تا کور کم وګړي چي ده
Sentence 11: Southeastern ستا کو ر کوم کلي کې دی
Sentence 12: Wanetsi دا چوره څو کالو غه ده
Sentence 12: Southeastern دا نجلۍ د څو کالو ده
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The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami
Sample 2 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Sentence No.
|
Waṇetsi | General
|
Translation |
1 | کاډي وچلوه | ګاډی وچلوه | Drive the car |
gā́di wə́ čalawa | gā́day wə́ čalawa | ||
2 | ته اورته مه درمه | ته هاغې خوا ته مه ځه | Don't go to that side |
tə ortá mə́ dramá | tə háğe x̌wā tə mə́ dza | ||
3 | اور بلو ده که مړ | اور بل دی که مړ | Is the fire alight/burning or extinguished |
awə́r baláw da kə maṛ | or bal day kə maṛ | ||
4 | اغه خلک دې ارغولي اوره مندې کاوي چینه وین | هغوی خلک د نغري په اور لوښي اېږدي | Those people keep dishware on hearth's fire |
áğa xalák de arğōlí awrə́ məndé kā́wi čīna wī́n | hağúi xalák də nağarí pə or lóši iždí | ||
5 | درګه بند نه وي نو دغه سړا وته چوت | ور بند نه و نو دغه سړی پې ور ننوت | The door was not closed so the man entered |
dárga band nə́ wi no dáğa saṛá watə čəwṓt | war band nə wə no dáğa saṛáy pe war nənawát | ||
6 | اس پرېووت | اس پرېووت | The horse feel |
as préwōt | as préwot | ||
7 | څوړي لا وړې دي او نهړې دي داګایه دې نه سین الوتا | مرغۍ لا وړې او کمزورې دي ځکه نه شي اوتلې | The birds are yet small and weak they cannot fly |
tsū́ṛi lā waṛé di aw nahṛé di dāgā́ya de nə́ sīn alwatā | marğə́i lā waṛé aw kamzóre di dzə́ka nə ši alwatə́le | ||
8 | ونه دې پرې که ده | ونه دې پرې کړې ده | Have you cut the tree
/ You have cut the tree |
wə́na de pré ka da | wə́na de pré kaṛe da | ||
9 | اغه مځکې یه غندم ورېبه | هغې ځمکې نه غنم ورېبه | Reap wheat from that land |
ága mdzə́ke ya ğandə́m wə́ reba | háğe dzmə́ke na ğanə́m wə́ reba | ||
10 | څه ووړه تېر سه نو بې اسپې تا مندې خرڅې کي | اوړي تېر شي نو اسپې به در باندې خرڅوم | Let the summer pass then I will sell the horse on you |
tsə wōṛá ter sa no be áspe tā mənde xartse kí | óri ter ši no áspe bə dar bā́nde xartsawə́m | ||
11 | تا کور کم وګړي چي ده | ستا کور کوم کلي کې دی | In which village is your house |
tā kor kam wagaṛī́ či da | stā kor kom kə́li ke day | ||
12 | دا چوره څو کالو غه ده | دا نجلۍ د څو کالو ده | How old is this girl |
dā čwára tso kā́lo ğa da | dā njlə́i də tso kā́lo da |
Sample 3
Sentence Comparison: Sample 3 Sentence 1: Wanetsi ته چرې یېSentence 1: Southeastern ته چېرته يې
Sentence 2: Wanetsi دغه خوا یه راغا
Sentence 2: Southeastern دغې خوا نه راغی
Sentence 3: Wanetsi که تاس ویو او موش ویو نو بې هېڅ نه سین
Sentence 3: Southeastern که تاسو يئ او مو ږ يو نو هيڅ به نه کېږي
Sentence 4: Wanetsi میر ما مخ ته ده
Sentence 4: Southeastern لمر زما مخې ته دی
Sentence 5: Wanetsi اغه چوره څه لویه سین نو اله بې وته واک سپاري
Sentence 5: Southeastern هغه هلک چې لوی شي نو هله به ورته دا واک سپارم
Sentence 6: Wanetsi دا دریاب چي پارند بېړي ډبه سوه
Sentence 6: Southeastern په دې سيند کې پرون بېړۍ ډوبه شوه
Sentence 7: Wanetsi سېبه درختو چي پیخه سو
Sentence 7: Southeastern مڼې په ونو کې پخې شوې
Sentence 8: Wanetsi سېبه دې درختو چي پیخه سین.
Sentence 8: Southeastern مڼې په ونې کې پخېږي
Sentence 9: Wanetsi زې لا اورته نه یي ید څه ویاړسي تاته بې اوایي
Sentence 9: Southeastern زه لا هلته نه يم تللی چې لاړشم تا ته به وويم
Sentence 10: Wanetsi سترګې یې شنې دي
Sentence 10: Southeastern سترګې یې شنې دي
Sentence 11: Wanetsi تر یه دوه درې څلورو پورې دې خالي ویا سي
Sentence 11: Southeastern تر يو دوه درې څلور پورې تش ویلی شم
Sentence 12: Wanetsi داکپړه سره او کربي ده
Sentence 12: Southeastern دا کپړه سره او ښکلې ده
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The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami
Sentence No.
|
Waṇetsi | General
|
Translation |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ته چرې یې | ته چېرته يې | Where are you |
tə čáre ye | tə čérta ye | ||
2 | دغه خوا یه راغا | دغې خوا نه راغی | He came from that direction |
dága xwā ya rā́ğā | dáğe xwā na rā́ğay | ||
3 | که تاس ویو او موش ویو نو بې هېڅ نه سین | که تاسو يئ او موږ يو نو هيڅ به نه کېږي | If you are there and we are there nothing will happen |
kə tās wyō aw moš wyū no be hets nə sī́n | kə tā́so yəi aw muž yu no hits bə nə kéži | ||
4 | میر ما مخ ته ده | لمر زما مخې ته دی | The sun is to my front |
mīr mā məx tə da | lmar zmā mə́xe tə day | ||
5 | اغه چوره څه لویه سین نو اله بې وته واک سپاري | هغه هلک چې لوی شي نو هله به ورته دا واک سپارم | When that boy grows up then I will entrust with this authority |
áğa čorá tsə lōyá sīn no ála be watə wāk spāri | háğa halə́k če loy ši no hála bə war tə dā wāk spārə́m | ||
6 | دا دریاب چي پارند بېړي ډبه سوه | په دې سيند کې پرون بېړۍ ډوبه شوه | In this river, yesterday a ship sank |
dā daryā́b či pārə́nd beṛi ḍə́ba swa | pə de sind ke parún beṛə́i ḍúba šwa | ||
7 | سېبه درختو چي پیخه سو | مڼې په ونو کې پخې شوې | The apples ripened in the trees |
sebə́ dəraxtó či pīxə́ su | maṇé pə wə́no ke paxé šwe | ||
8 | سېبه دې درختو چي پیخه سین | مڼې په ونې کې پخېږي | The apples are ripening in the trees |
sebə́ de dəraxtó či pīxə sī́n | maṇé pə wə́ne ke paxéži | ||
9 | زې لا اورته نه یي ید څه ویاړسي تا ته بې اوایي | زه لا هلته نه يم تللی چې لاړشم تا ته به وويم | I have not gone there yet when I go I will tell you |
ze lā ortá nə yi yad tsə wyāṛsī́ tā tə be uwayī́ | za lā hálta nə yam tlə́lay če lā́ṛšam tā tə bə wə́ wayəm | ||
10 | سترګې ېې شنې دي | سترګې ېې شنې دي | His/her eyes are green |
stə́rge ye šne dī | stə́rge ye šne di | ||
11 | تر یه دوه درې څلورو پورې دې خالي ویا سي | تر يو دوه درې څلور پورې تش ویلی شم | I cam only say till one two three |
tər yə duə dre tsalór póre de xālí wayā́ si | tər yaw dwa dre tsalór póre taš wayə́lay šam | ||
12 | دا کپړه سره او کربي ده | دا کپړه سره او ښکلې ده | This cloth is red and beautiful |
dā kapṛá sra aw kə́rbī da | dā kapṛá sra aw škʊ́le da |
Sample 4
Sentence Comparison: Sample 4 Sentence 1: Wanetsi میر دې دو ګوتو پورې نس پټSentence 1: Southeastern لمر په دوو ګوتو نه پټېږي
Sentence 2: Wanetsi سونډې مندې مېچ مه انه (مانه)
Sentence 2: Southeastern په پوزې مچ مه پرېږده
Sentence 3: Wanetsi غوا یې ولوېسیا بیار یې پرې وښه اوخواړ
Sentence 3: Southeastern غوا يې ولوشله او بيا يې پرې واښه وخوړل
Sentence 4: Wanetsi آ اورې چرګانو هویې واچې
Sentence 4: Southeastern هاغو {لرې خوا ته} چرګانو هګۍ واچولې
Sentence 5: Wanetsi ته ځنې څو جګ یې
Sentence 5: Southeastern ته ترې څونه دنګ يې
Sentence 6: Wanetsi دومبې سوچه مه وله
Sentence 6: Southeastern دومره سوچونه مه کوه
Sentence 7: Wanetsi ګامېښې دې ورسو چي غړېږین
Sentence 7: Southeastern مېښې دې ورشو کښې څرېدې
Sentence 8: Wanetsi څپلي / چپړکې شپوکې که نا
Sentence 8: Southeastern څپلۍ/چپړې اغوندې که نه څپلۍ / چپړې په پښو کوې که نه
Sentence 9: Wanetsi اغې رېبون ونغاړي
Sentence 9: Southeastern هغې کميس ونغښتۀ
Sentence 10: Wanetsi رېبنان ونغاړه
Sentence 10: Southeastern کميسونه ونغاړه
Sentence 11: Wanetsi ترژه ده او کهل مي ده
Sentence 11: Southeastern تږی دی او ستړی هم دی
Sentence 12: Wanetsi تا حق خالي خپل کار لا کړنګ ته ده کله مي کار مېوې ته نه
Sentence 12: Southeastern ستا حق تش خپل کار يا کړنې ته دی کله هم د کار مېوې ته نه
Problems playing these files? See media help.
The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami
Sentence No.
|
Waṇetsi | General
|
Translation |
---|---|---|---|
1 | میر دې دو ګوتو پورې نس پټ | لمر په دوو ګوتو نه پټېږي | The sun does not hide by two fingers |
mīr de dwū/dū gwə́to pṓre nə́s paṭ | lmar dwo gwə́to nə́ paṭéži | ||
2 | سونډې مندې مېچ مه انه (مانه) | په پوزې مچ مه پرېږده | Don't let a fly on your nose
|
sū́nḍe mə́nde meč mə́ ana | pə póza məč mə́ prežda | ||
3 | غوا یې ولوېسیا بیار یې پرې وښه اوخواړ | غوا يې ولوشله او بيا يې پرې واښه وخوړل | He/she milked the cow and then he/she made it eat hay/herbage |
ğwā ye wə́ lwesyā byār ye pre wašə́ ō-xwāṛ | ğwā ye wə́ lwəšəla aw byā ye pre wāšə́ wə́ xwaṛəl | ||
4 | آ اورې چرګانو هویې واچې | هاغو لرې خوا ته چرګانو هګۍ واچولې | The sun is to my front |
ā ōre čərgā́no hóye wā́če | hā́ğo lə́re xwā tə čərgā́no hagə́i wā́čawəle | ||
5 | ته ځنې څو جګ یې | ته ترې څونه دنګ يې | From him/her how tall are you |
tə dzə́ne tso jəg ye | tə tre tsóna dəng ye | ||
6 | دومبې سوچه مه وله | دومره سوچونه مه کوه | Don't think so much |
dṓmbe sočə́ mə́ wula | dū́mra sočū́na mə́ kawa | ||
7 | ګامېښې دې ورسو چي غړېږین | مېښې دې ورشو کښې څرېدې | buffalos were grazing in the pasture |
gāméše de warsṓ cī gaṛežī́n | méše de waršó kše tsaredé | ||
8 | څپلي / چپړکې شپوکې که نا | څپلۍ/چپړې اغوندې که نه
also څپلۍ / چپړې په پښو کوې که نه |
Are you wearing the slipper or no |
tsaplī́ / čapṛáke špoké kə nā | tsaplə́i / čapáṛa ağundé kə nə
also tsaplə́i / čapáṛa pə pšo kawé kə nə | ||
9 | اغې رېبون ونغاړي | هغې کميس ونغښتۀ | She folded the shirt |
áğe rebū́n wə́ nğāṛī | hağé kamís wə́ nğaštə | ||
10 | رېبنان ونغاړه | کميسونه ونغاړه | Fold the shirts |
rebnā́n wə́ nğāṛa | kamísū́na wə́ nğāṛa | ||
11 | ترژه ده او کهل مي ده | تږی دی او ستړی هم دی | He is thirsty and also tired |
tə́rža da aw kahál mī da | tə́žay day aw stə́ṛay ham day | ||
12 | تا حق خالي خپل کار لا کړنګ ته ده کله مي کار مېوې ته نه | ستا حق تش خپل کار يا کړنې ته دی کله هم د کار مېوې ته نه | Your right is only to your own work or action never-ever to the fruit of action |
tā hak xālī́ xpəl kār lā kṛang tə da kə́la mī kār mewé tə nə | stā hak taš xpəl kār yā kṛə́ne tə day kə́la ham də kār mewé tə nə |
Grammar
Nouns - Morphology
Class 1
- Masculine Animate: mə́ser - elder (In general Pashto: mə́sər
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | mə́ser | məserā́n |
Oblique | məserə́ | mə́serā́no |
- Masculine Animate: lewә́- wolf
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | lewә́ | lewā́n |
Oblique | lewā́no |
- Masculine Animate: xar- donkey
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Direct | xar | xrā́n |
Oblique | xrə́ | xro |
- Masculine Animate: pšə́ - tom-cat (in general Pashto: piš)
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | pša | pšyā́n |
Oblique | pšə́ | pšyā́nū |
- Masculine Inanimate: dārū́ - medicine
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | dārū́ | dārūwā́n |
Oblique | dārūwē | dārūwo |
- Masculine Inanimate: kor - house
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | kor | korū́na |
Oblique | korə́ | korū́no |
- Feminine Animate: pšī - cat (in general Pashto: piśó)
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | pšī | pšyā́ne |
Oblique | pše | pšyā́no |
- Feminine Inanimate: lyār - way (in general Pashto: lār)
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | lyār | lyā́re |
Oblique | lyā́re | lyā́ro |
- Feminine Inanimate: xwā́šī - mother-in-law
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | xwā́šī | xwā́šī |
Oblique | xwāšó |
- Feminine Inanimate: čaṛə́ - mother-in-law
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | čaṛə́ | čaṛī́ |
Oblique | čaṛī́ | čaṛó |
- Feminine Inanimate: lergā́ - stick
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Direct | lergā́ | lergī́ |
Oblique | lergī́ | lergó |
Class 2
- Masculine Animate: yirźá - bear (in general Pashto: يږ )
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | yirźá | yirźiān |
Oblique | yirźí | yirźío |
- Masculine Animate: spa -dog (in general Pashto: spáy)
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | spá | spiā́n |
Oblique | spī́ | spiā́no |
- Masculine Inanimate: wagaṛá -village (in general Pashto: kə́lay)
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | wagṛá | wagaṛyā́n |
Oblique | wagaṛí | wagaṛyó |
- Feminine Animate: spī - female-dog (in general Pashto spə́i)
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | spī | spī |
Oblique | spīu |
Class 3
- Masculine Inanimate: špaźmi -moon (in general Pashto spoẓ̌mə́i, a feminine noun)
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | شپږمي
špaźmī́ |
špaźmí |
Oblique | špaźmyó |
- Feminine Inanimate: méle -celebration (in general Pashto melá)
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | méle | méle |
Oblique | melyú |
Class 4
- Masculine Animate: spor- horseman
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | spor | spārə́ |
Oblique | spārə́ | spāró |
- Masculine Inanimate: rebún - shirt
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | rebún | rebnā́n |
Oblique | rebnānə́ | rebnā́no |
Class 5
- Masculine Animate: ğal
Waṇetsi | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Direct | ğal | ğlúnə |
Oblique | ğlə | ğlunó |
Agglutinative Formation
The (e)ya case is agglutinative.
Waṇetsi | General Pashto | Translation |
---|---|---|
šā ya | də/lə šā nə | from the back |
tsā́h ya | lə tsā́h nə | from the well |
tsā ya | lə cā nə | from whom |
xalxó ya | lə xalkó nə | from the people |
Demonstratives
In Waṇetsi اغه functions for both Pashto دغه (this) and هغه (that).
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Masc. | Fem. | ||
Direct | áğa | áğa
áğә |
áğa
áğe |
Oblique | áğә | áğe | áğo
áğu |
Verb Infinitive
Where as General Pashto employs the ل to the past stem to make it infinitive, Waṇetsi employs نګ to the past stem to make it infinitive.
Waṇetsi | General Pashto | Translation |
---|---|---|
xwaṛang | xwaṛә́l | to eat |
lambedang | lambedә́l | to bathe |
wezang | waźә́l | to kill |
wayang | wayә́l | to say |
kṛang | kawә́l | to do |
cinostang | kṣ̌enāstә́l | to sit |
Bibliography
- J. H. Elfenbein, (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part I". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1): 54–76.
- J. H. Elfenbein, (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part II". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (2): 229–241.
- J. H Elfenbein, (1967). "Lanḍa Zor Wəla Waṇecī". Archiv Orientální. XXXV: 563–606.
See also
References
- Wanetsi at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
- Morgenstierne, Georg (1932). Report on a Linguistic Mission to Afghanistan. H. Aschehoug. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
- ^ "AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṧto, F. Waṇecī". G. Morgenstierne. Encyclopaedia Iranica Online Version. Archived from the original on 2012-01-22. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
Phonology. Ir. -d- > -l- as in Paṣ̌tō (mlā "waist," xwala "sweat") but -t- > y/0 (sī "one hundred," šwī < *wšī "twenty," piyār "father," left as relicts in Kāk. pyār and plyār). In this respect Waṇeci agrees with Munǰī, but not with Paṣ̌to.
- Morgenstierne, G. "AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
F. Waṇecī. (63) Except for a few details, Paṣ̌tō dialects can be derived from a prototype not essentially different from the classical 10th/16th century literary language; they do not to any significant extent help us to reconstruct a more archaic form of Paṣ̌tō. There is only one dialect which stands decidedly apart, i.e., Waṇ(ecī) (or Tarīno)
- ^ "بلوچستان کې د پښتنو د ترینو لهجه چې پوهان وايي په ختمیدو ده". VOA (in Pashto). Retrieved 2021-03-21.
خو پوهان وايي په محدوده کچه د وویل کیدو له امله د ترینو لهجه د ختمیدو سره مخامخ ده
- Schmitt, Astrid (1989). "Pashto". Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. L. Reichert. p. 386. ISBN 978-3-88226-413-5.
- "AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
- Morgenstierne, Georg (1932). Report On a Linguistic Mission to North-Western India. pp. 12–14. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
- Elfenbein, Josef (1967). "Lanḍa Zor Wəla Waṇecī". Archiv Orientální. XXXV: 563–606.
- Elfenbein, J. (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion. Part II: Glossary". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 116 (2): 229–241. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00163579. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25211709.
- Elfenbein, J. H. (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part I". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 116 (1): 54–76. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00166122. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25211626.
- ʻĀrif, Khayr Muḥammad (2011). Tarīn aw tarīno yaw tārīkhī aw taḥqīqī ṡeṛanah. Puṣhto Ikayḍīmī (Quetta, Pakistan). Koṭah: Puṣhto Akādimī Koṭah. LCCN 2011329618.
- "بلوچستان کې د پښتنو د ترینو لهجه چې پوهان وايي په ختمیدو ده". VOA (in Pashto). Retrieved 2021-03-21.
- ^ Kaye, Alan S. (1997-06-30). Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus). Eisenbrauns. p. 742. ISBN 978-1-57506-019-4.
- ^ Elfenbein, J. H. (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part I". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1): 61. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25211626.
- Kaye, Alan S. (1997-06-30). Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus). Eisenbrauns. p. 750. ISBN 978-1-57506-019-4.
- Josef, Elfenbein. "Lanḍa, Zor Wəla! Waṇecī". Archiv Orientální. XXXV: 574.
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