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Gawar-Bati language

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Indo-Aryan language spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan Not to be confused with the Gawri language of Kohistan, the Gawari language of India, or the Gawar language of Cameroon.

Gawar-Bati
Narsati
Native toAfghanistan, Pakistan
RegionKunar,province , Chitral
Native speakers75,000 (2017–2024)
Language familyIndo-European
Language codes
ISO 639-3gwt
Glottologgawa1247
ELPGawar-Bati
Gawar-Bati is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Gawar-Bati or Narsati is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Kunar Province of eastern Afghanistan and across the border in Pakistan. It is also known as Kohistani in Kunar. Gawar-Bati has an estimated 75,000 speakers, of whom 50,000 are in Kunar and 25,000 in Chitral, Pakistan.

Study and classification

The Gawar-Bati language has not been given serious study by linguists, except that it is mentioned by George Morgenstierne (1926) and Kendall Decker (1992).

It is classified as an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic subgroup. However, the term Dardic is not linguistic but merely geographic.

Phonology

The following tables set out the phonology of the Gawar-Bati language:

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i iː u uː
Mid (e) eː (o) oː
Open a aː

The status of short /e/ and /o/ is unclear.

Consonants

A breathy voiced series, /bʱ dʱ gʱ/, existed recently in older speakers—and may still do so.

Labial Coronal Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɳ
Stop voiceless p t ʈ k
voiced b d ɖ ɡ
aspirated ʈʰ
Affricate voiceless ts
voiced dz
aspirated tsʰ tʂʰ tʃʰ
Fricative voiceless s ʂ ʃ x h
voiced z ʐ ʒ ɣ
Approximant j w
Lateral plain l
Fricative ɬ ~ l̥
Rhotic r ɽ

Orthography

It is rarely written. This alphabet is used in Pakistan:

Letter ا ب پ ت ٹ ث ج چ ح خ ڄ ݮ څ ځ د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ ݫ س
Transliteration ā, Ø b p t s ǰ č h x c j d z r z ž s
IPA , Ø
Letter ش ݭ ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل ݪ م ن ݨ ں ه ء و ی ے
Transliteration š s z t z ʔ ǧ f q k g l ł m n ˜ h ʔ w, ū, o y, ī e
IPA , , ,
Letter تھ پھ ٹھ چھ ڄھ څھ کھ َ ِ ُ
Transliteration th ph ṭh čh c̣h ch kh a i u
IPA

Notes and references

  1. Gawar-Bati at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. Bashir, Elena (2007). Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (eds.). The Indo-Aryan languages. Routledge. p. 905. ISBN 978-0415772945. 'Dardic' is a geographic cover term for those Northwest Indo-Aryan languages which developed new characteristics different from the IA languages of the Indo-Gangetic plain. Although the Dardic and Nuristani (previously 'Kafiri') languages were formerly grouped together, Morgenstierne (1965) has established that the Dardic languages are Indo-Aryan, and that the Nuristani languages constitute a separate subgroup of Indo-Iranian.
  3. Edelman, D. I. (1983). The Dardic and Nuristani Languages. Moscow: Institut vostokovedenii︠a︡ (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR). p. 139.
  4. Gawarbati Alif Be fli-online.org

Further reading

External links

35°19′38″N 71°35′05″E / 35.32722°N 71.58472°E / 35.32722; 71.58472

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