List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita: Difference between revisions

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	\| {{flagg\|us*eft\|Puerto Rico\|pref=Income in\|pref2=Economy of}} \|\|style=text-align:center\|] \|\|style=text-align:center\|] \|\| 34,143.272 \|\| 2021 \|\| 35,791 \|\| 2019 \|\| 32,291 \|\| 2020		\| {{flagg\|us*eft\|Puerto Rico\|pref=Income in\|pref2=Economy of}} \|\|style=text-align:center\|] \|\|style=text-align:center\|] \|\| 34,143.272 \|\| 2021 \|\| 35,791 \|\| 2019 \|\| 32,291 \|\| 2020
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	\| {{flagg\|us*eft\|Taiwan\|pref=Income in\|pref2=Economy of}} \|\|style=text-align:center\|] \|\|style=text-align:center\|] \|\| 33,401.709 \|\| 2021 \|\| 28,371 \|\| <ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas03/bs4/ninews_e/11005/enewstotal11006.pdf\|title=GDP: Preliminary estimate for 2021 Q1 and outlook for 2021\|access-date=2021-07-02\|website=eng.stat.gov.tw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas03/bs4/nis93/ni.pdf\|title=國民所得統計摘要\|access-date=2021-07-02\|website=eng.stat.gov.tw\|language=zh-tw}}</ref> 2020 \|\| colspan=2 {{n/a}}		\| {{flagg\|us*eft\|Taiwan\|pref=Income in\|pref2=Economy of}} \|\|style=text-align:center\|] \|\|style=text-align:center\|] \|\| 33,401.709 \|\| 2021 \|\| 28,371 \|\| <ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas03/bs4/ninews_e/11005/enewstotal11006.pdf\|title=GDP: Preliminary estimate for 2021 Q1 and outlook for 2021\|access-date=2021-07-02\|website=eng.stat.gov.tw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas03/bs4/nis93/ni.pdf\|title=國民所得統計摘要\|access-date=2021-07-02\|website=eng.stat.gov.tw\|language=zh-tw}}</ref> 2020 \|\| colspan=2 {{n/a}}
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Revision as of 05:02, 13 January 2022

Misplaced Pages list article Not to be confused with List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita.

The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency. Such fluctuations change a country's ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference to the standard of living of its population.

Therefore, these figures should be used with caution. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living; however, this is problematic because GDP per capita is not a measure of personal income.

Comparisons of national income are also frequently made on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries. (See List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita.) PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem but not others; it does not reflect the value of economic output in international trade, and it also requires more estimation than GDP per capita. On the whole, PPP per capita figures are more narrowly spread than nominal GDP per capita figures.

Non-sovereign entities (the world, continents, and some dependent territories) and states with limited international recognition (such as Kosovo, Palestine, and Taiwan) are included in the list in cases in which they appear in the sources. These economies are not ranked in the charts here, but are listed in sequence by GDP for comparison. In addition, non-sovereign entities are marked in italics.

Note that several leading GDP-per-capita (nominal) jurisdictions may be considered tax havens, and their GDP data subject to material distortion by tax planning activities. Examples include Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, and Luxembourg.

All data are in current United States dollars. Historical data can be found here.

Table

The table is initially ranked by the primary source (IMF) for each country or territory, followed by the secondary and tertiary sources, and can be reranked by either of the sources.

* indicates "Income in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" or "Economy of COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links.

GDP (in US$) per capita by country or territory
Country/Territory	Subregion	Region	IMF		United Nations		World Bank
Country/Territory	Subregion	Region	Estimate	Year	Estimate	Year	Estimate	Year
Monaco *	Western Europe	Europe	—		190,532	2019	190,513	2019
Liechtenstein *	Western Europe	Europe	—		179,258	2019	180,367	2018
Luxembourg *	Western Europe	Europe	131,301.599	2021	115,481	2019	115,874	2020
Bermuda *	Northern America	Americas	—		117,768	2019	117,098	2019
Switzerland *	Western Europe	Europe	93,515.484	2021	85,135	2019	86,602	2020
Ireland *	Northern Europe	Europe	102,394.017	2021	81,637	2019	83,813	2020
Cayman Islands *	Caribbean	Americas	—		92,692	2019	91,393	2019
Norway *	Northern Europe	Europe	82,244.232	2021	74,986	2019	67,295	2020
United States *	Northern America	Americas	69,375.375	2021	65,134	2019	63,544	2020
Denmark *	Northern Europe	Europe	67,919.585	2021	60,657	2019	60,909	2020
Iceland *	Northern Europe	Europe	68,843.646	2021	71,345	2019	59,261	2020
Singapore *	South-eastern Asia	Asia	66,263.418	2021	64,103	2019	59,798	2020
Australia *	Australia and New Zealand	Oceania	62,618.587	2021	54,763	2019	51,812	2020
Qatar *	Western Asia	Asia	61,790.572	2021	64,782	2019	50,806	2020
Sweden *	Northern Europe	Europe	58,639.194	2021	52,896	2019	51,926	2020
Macau *	Eastern Asia	Asia	42,106.564	2021	84,097	2019	86,118	2019
Netherlands *	Western Europe	Europe	57,714.876	2021	53,053	2019	52,304	2020
Finland *	Northern Europe	Europe	53,522.565	2021	48,678	2019	49,041	2020
Austria *	Western Europe	Europe	53,793.367	2021	49,701	2019	48,105	2020
Greenland *	Northern America	Americas	—		53,353	2019	54,471	2018
Germany *	Western Europe	Europe	50,787.859	2021	46,232	2019	45,724	2020
Belgium *	Western Europe	Europe	50,412.713	2021	46,198	2019	44,594	2020
San Marino *	Southern Europe	Europe	50,934.189	2021	47,313	2019	47,731	2019
Canada *	Northern America	Americas	52,791.228	2021	46,550	2019	43,242	2020
Hong Kong *	Eastern Asia	Asia	49,485.084	2021	49,180	2019	46,324	2020
British Virgin Islands *	Caribbean	Americas	—		48,511	2019	—
Israel *	Western Asia	Asia	49,840.250	2021	46,376	2019	43,611	2020
New Zealand *	Australia and New Zealand	Oceania	48,348.994	2021	43,264	2019	41,792	2020
United Kingdom *	Northern Europe	Europe	46,200.258	2021	41,855	2019	40,285	2020
France *	Western Europe	Europe	45,028.265	2021	40,319	2019	38,625	2020
Japan *	Eastern Asia	Asia	40,704.304	2021	40,063	2019	40,113	2019
Andorra *	Southern Europe	Europe	40,417.265	2021	40,887	2019	40,897	2019
Guam *	Micronesia	Oceania	—		—		37,724	2019
United Arab Emirates *	Western Asia	Asia	43,537.689	2021	43,103	2019	43,103	2019
Italy *	Southern Europe	Europe	35,584.882	2021	33,090	2019	31,676	2020
New Caledonia *	Melanesia	Oceania	—		34,942	2019	12,580	2000
South Korea *	Eastern Asia	Asia	35,195.522	2021	32,143	2019	31,489	2020
Brunei *	South-eastern Asia	Asia	33,979.373	2021	31,086	2019	27,466	2020
Puerto Rico *	Caribbean	Americas	34,143.272	2021	35,791	2019	32,291	2020
Taiwan *	Eastern Asia	Asia	33,401.709	2021	28,371	2020	—
Malta *	Southern Europe	Europe	31,996.534	2021	33,752	2019	27,885	2020
Turks and Caicos Islands	Caribbean	Americas	—		31,353	2019	23,880	2020
Spain *	Southern Europe	Europe	30,536.858	2021	29,816	2019	27,057	2020
Bahamas *	Caribbean	Americas	27,437.197	2021	34,864	2019	28,608	2020
Cyprus *	Western Asia	Asia	29,486.275	2021	28,285	2019	26,624	2020
Sint Maarten *	Caribbean	Americas	—		—		29,160	2018
Slovenia *	Southern Europe	Europe	28,939.271	2021	26,062	2019	25,180	2020
Estonia *	Northern Europe	Europe	27,100.736	2021	23,740	2019	23,312	2020
Czech Republic *	Eastern Europe	Europe	25,806.384	2021	23,452	2019	22,762	2020
Anguilla *	Caribbean	Americas	—		25,529	2019	—
Kuwait *	Western Asia	Asia	27,927.163	2021	31,999	2019	32,373	2019
Portugal *	Southern Europe	Europe	24,457.144	2021	23,350	2019	22,440	2020
Bahrain *	Western Asia	Asia	26,293.947	2021	23,504	2019	23,443	2019
Aruba *	Caribbean	Americas	25,700.865	2021	30,975	2019	30,253	2018
Saudi Arabia *	Western Asia	Asia	23,762.420	2021	23,140	2019	20,110	2020
Lithuania *	Northern Europe	Europe	22,411.646	2021	19,795	2019	19,998	2020
Cook Islands *	Polynesia	Oceania	—		21,603	2019	—
French Polynesia *	Polynesia	Oceania	—		21,567	2019	14,324	2000
Slovakia *	Eastern Europe	Europe	21,383.286	2021	19,256	2019	19,157	2020
Northern Mariana Islands *	Micronesia	Oceania	—		—		20,660	2019
Greece *	Southern Europe	Europe	19,827.162	2021	19,604	2019	17,677	2020
Latvia *	Northern Europe	Europe	19,538.902	2021	17,885	2019	17,620	2020
Curaçao *	Caribbean	Americas	—		18,980	2019	19,701	2019
Hungary *	Eastern Europe	Europe	18,527.592	2021	16,879	2019	15,899	2020
Poland *	Eastern Europe	Europe	17,318.497	2021	15,727	2019	15,656	2020
Croatia *	Southern Europe	Europe	15,807.696	2021	14,627	2019	13,828	2020
Oman *	Western Asia	Asia	17,632.651	2021	15,343	2019	15,343	2019
Barbados *	Caribbean	Americas	16,105.128	2021	18,149	2019	15,191	2020
Trinidad and Tobago *	Caribbean	Americas	15,352.721	2021	16,637	2019	15,384	2020
Uruguay *	South America	Americas	16,965.081	2021	16,190	2019	15,438	2020
Chile *	South America	Americas	16,799.367	2021	14,896	2019	13,232	2020
Romania *	Eastern Europe	Europe	14,863.887	2021	12,914	2019	12,896	2020
Saint Kitts and Nevis *	Caribbean	Americas	16,917.159	2021	19,896	2019	17,436	2020
Antigua and Barbuda *	Caribbean	Americas	14,117.844	2021	17,113	2019	14,450	2020
Panama *	Central America	Americas	13,861.061	2021	15,728	2019	12,269	2020
Montserrat *	Caribbean	Americas	—		13,487	2019	—
Palau *	Micronesia	Oceania	11,835.178	2021	15,572	2019	14,908	2019
China *	Eastern Asia	Asia	11,891.202	2021	10,004	2019	10,500	2020
Costa Rica *	Central America	Americas	11,860.222	2021	12,238	2019	12,077	2020
Maldives *	Southern Asia	Asia	11,899.087	2021	10,626	2019	7,456	2020
Russia *	Eastern Europe	Europe	11,273.242	2021	11,606	2019	10,127	2020
Malaysia *	South-eastern Asia	Asia	11,124.670	2021	11,414	2019	10,402	2020
American Samoa *	Polynesia	Oceania	—		—		11,535	2019
World			—		11,339	2019	10,926	2020
Bulgaria *	Eastern Europe	Europe	11,331.872	2021	9,703	2019	9,976	2020
Nauru *	Micronesia	Oceania	10,138.196	2021	12,351	2019	10,983	2019
Kazakhstan *	Central Asia	Asia	10,144.682	2021	9,793	2019	9,056	2020
Saint Lucia *	Caribbean	Americas	9,419.272	2021	11,611	2019	9,276	2020
Seychelles *	Eastern Africa	Africa	13,140.368	2021	17,382	2019	11,425	2020
Mauritius *	Eastern Africa	Africa	8,681.608	2021	11,169	2019	8,623	2020
Turkey *	Western Asia	Asia	9,406.575	2021	9,127	2019	8,538	2020
Cuba *	Caribbean	Americas	—		9,296	2019	9,100	2019
Mexico *	Central America	Americas	9,967.388	2021	9,849	2019	8,347	2020
Guyana *	South America	Americas	9,369.011	2021	6,610	2019	6,956	2020
Grenada *	Caribbean	Americas	9,575.343	2021	10,818	2019	9,680	2020
Argentina *	South America	Americas	9,929.154	2021	10,041	2019	8,442	2020
Montenegro *	Southern Europe	Europe	8,837.578	2021	8,825	2019	7,686	2020
Turkmenistan *	Central Asia	Asia	8,843.868	2021	8,124	2019	7,612	2019
Serbia *	Southern Europe	Europe	8,793.836	2021	7,359	2019	7,666	2020
Gabon *	Middle Africa	Africa	8,569.216	2021	7,773	2019	7,006	2020
Iran *	Southern Asia	Asia	12,725.042	2021	7,282	2019	2,283	2020
Equatorial Guinea *	Middle Africa	Africa	8,625.763	2021	8,130	2019	7,143	2020
Dominican Republic *	Caribbean	Americas	8,491.619	2021	8,282	2019	7,268	2020
Botswana *	Southern Africa	Africa	7,349.884	2021	7,961	2019	6,711	2020
Thailand *	South-eastern Asia	Asia	7,808.663	2021	7,785	2019	7,189	2020
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines *	Caribbean	Americas	6,952.242	2021	7,464	2019	7,298	2020
Brazil *	South America	Americas	7,741.153	2021	8,755	2019	6,797	2020
Dominica *	Caribbean	Americas	7,777.016	2021	8,111	2019	7,268	2020
Bosnia and Herzegovina *	Southern Europe	Europe	6,647.830	2021	6,109	2019	6,032	2020
Peru *	South America	Americas	6,676.517	2021	6,978	2019	6,127	2020
North Macedonia *	Southern Europe	Europe	6,711.734	2021	6,093	2019	5,888	2020
Belarus *	Eastern Europe	Europe	7,032.477	2021	6,674	2019	6,411	2020
Albania *	Southern Europe	Europe	5,837.180	2021	5,303	2019	5,215	2020
Colombia *	South America	Americas	5,892.140	2021	6,432	2019	5,333	2020
Ecuador *	South America	Americas	5,884.147	2021	6,184	2019	5,600	2020
South Africa *	Southern Africa	Africa	6,861.166	2021	6,001	2019	5,091	2020
Jamaica *	Caribbean	Americas	5,421.642	2021	5,369	2019	4,665	2020
Paraguay *	South America	Americas	5,028.217	2021	5,406	2019	4,950	2020
Tuvalu *	Polynesia	Oceania	6,004.100	2021	4,036	2019	4,143	2020
Tonga *	Polynesia	Oceania	5,009.784	2021	4,865	2019	4,903	2019
Fiji *	Melanesia	Oceania	5,127.440	2021	6,185	2019	4,882	2020
Azerbaijan *	Western Asia	Asia	5,167.377	2021	4,782	2019	4,214	2020
Kosovo *	Southern Europe	Europe	4,986.263	2021	4,473	2019	4,287	2020
Moldova *	Eastern Europe	Europe	4,791.625	2021	2,957	2019	4,551	2020
Iraq *	Western Asia	Asia	4,892.964	2021	5,730	2019	4,158	2020
Guatemala *	Central America	Americas	4,542.253	2021	4,363	2019	4,603	2020
Namibia *	Southern Africa	Africa	4,693.455	2021	4,957	2019	4,211	2020
Georgia *	Western Asia	Asia	4,807.950	2021	4,439	2019	4,279	2020
Jordan *	Western Asia	Asia	4,393.642	2021	4,405	2019	4,283	2020
Indonesia *	South-eastern Asia	Asia	4,224.982	2021	4,136	2019	3,870	2020
Marshall Islands *	Micronesia	Oceania	4,338.173	2021	4,038	2019	4,073	2019
Mongolia *	Eastern Asia	Asia	4,185.536	2021	4,295	2019	4,007	2020
Armenia *	Western Asia	Asia	4,594.912	2021	4,623	2019	4,268	2020
El Salvador *	Central America	Americas	4,244.299	2021	4,187	2019	3,799	2020
Suriname *	South America	Americas	4,620.395	2021	6,360	2019	6,491	2020
Ukraine *	Eastern Europe	Europe	4,384.237	2021	3,496	2019	3,727	2020
Belize *	Central America	Americas	4,457.886	2021	4,884	2019	4,436	2020
Egypt *	Northern Africa	Africa	3,851.746	2021	3,161	2019	3,548	2020
Sri Lanka *	Southern Asia	Asia	3,665.765	2021	3,940	2019	3,682	2020
Micronesia *	Micronesia	Oceania	3,855.223	2021	3,640	2019	3,585	2019
Vietnam *	South-eastern Asia	Asia	3,742.858	2021	2,715	2019	2,786	2020
Eswatini *	Southern Africa	Africa	3,965.426	2021	4,002	2019	3,416	2020
Tunisia *	Northern Africa	Africa	3,555.587	2021	3,318	2019	3,320	2020
Samoa *	Polynesia	Oceania	3,906.413	2021	4,285	2019	4,068	2020
Philippines *	South-eastern Asia	Asia	3,492.072	2021	3,324	2019	3,299	2020
Bolivia *	South America	Americas	3,266.690	2021	3,552	2019	3,143	2020
Libya *	Northern Africa	Africa	4,068.611	2021	4,810	2019	3,699	2020
Cape Verde *	Western Africa	Africa	3,346.553	2021	3,604	2019	3,064	2020
Morocco *	Northern Africa	Africa	3,470.795	2021	3,282	2019	3,009	2020
Algeria *	Northern Africa	Africa	3,638.328	2021	3,976	2019	3,310	2020
Bhutan *	Southern Asia	Asia	3,296.106	2021	3,361	2019	3,122	2020
Djibouti *	Eastern Africa	Africa	3,645.500	2021	3,252	2019	3,426	2020
Palestine	Western Asia	Asia	3,320.853	2021	3,424	2019	3,240	2020
Vanuatu *	Melanesia	Oceania	3,235.205	2021	3,023	2019	2,783	2020
Syria *	Western Asia	Asia	2,807	2021	1,194	2019	2,033	2007
Lebanon *	Western Asia	Asia	2,802	2021	7,784	2019	4,891	2020
Laos *	South-eastern Asia	Asia	2,625.610	2021	2,625	2019	2,630	2020
Papua New Guinea *	Melanesia	Oceania	2,951.977	2021	2,845	2019	2,637	2020
Honduras *	Central America	Americas	2,602.170	2021	2,575	2019	2,406	2020
Ivory Coast *	Western Africa	Africa	2,489.102	2021	2,276	2019	2,326	2020
Congo *	Middle Africa	Africa	2,655.719	2021	2,304	2019	1,973	2020
Solomon Islands *	Melanesia	Oceania	2,356.505	2021	1,945	2019	2,258	2020
Nigeria *	Western Africa	Africa	2,272.844	2021	2,361	2019	2,097	2020
Ghana *	Western Africa	Africa	2,413.095	2021	2,203	2019	2,329	2020
India *	Southern Asia	Asia	2,116.444	2021	2,116	2019	1,901	2020
Mauritania *	Western Africa	Africa	2,161.279	2021	1,678	2019	1,673	2020
São Tomé and Príncipe *	Middle Africa	Africa	2,392.893	2021	1,961	2019	2,158	2020
Bangladesh *	Southern Asia	Asia	2,138.794	2021	1,846	2019	1,969	2020
Kenya *	Eastern Africa	Africa	2,198.593	2021	1,817	2019	1,838	2020
Angola *	Middle Africa	Africa	2,200.675	2021	2,671	2019	1,896	2020
Haiti *	Caribbean	Americas	1,691.825	2021	715	2019	1,177	2020
Kiribati *	Micronesia	Oceania	1,927.077	2021	1,657	2019	1,671	2020
Nicaragua *	Central America	Americas	2,047.097	2021	1,913	2019	1,905	2020
Uzbekistan *	Central Asia	Asia	1,901.492	2021	1,756	2019	1,686	2020
Cambodia *	South-eastern Asia	Asia	1,647.019	2021	1,644	2019	1,513	2020
Zimbabwe *	Eastern Africa	Africa	1,664.758	2021	1,464	2019	1,128	2020
Cameroon *	Middle Africa	Africa	1,645.807	2021	1,534	2019	1,499	2020
Senegal *	Western Africa	Africa	1,602.898	2021	1,452	2019	1,488	2020
Venezuela *	South America	Americas	1,627.353	2021	4,733	2019	16,056	2014
Myanmar *	South-eastern Asia	Asia	1,246.318	2021	1,421	2019	1,400	2020
Comoros *	Eastern Africa	Africa	1,390.061	2021	1,370	2019	1,403	2020
Benin *	Western Africa	Africa	1,446.829	2021	1,220	2019	1,291	2020
East Timor *	South-eastern Asia	Asia	1,262.722	2021	1,561	2019	1,381	2020
Pakistan *	Southern Asia	Asia	1,260	2021	1,187	2019	1,194	2020
Nepal *	Southern Asia	Asia	1,172.638	2021	1,074	2019	1,155	2020
Lesotho *	Southern Africa	Africa	1,187.512	2021	1,158	2019	861	2020
Guinea *	Western Africa	Africa	1,168.178	2021	967	2019	1,194	2020
Kyrgyzstan *	Central Asia	Asia	1,224.745	2021	1,318	2019	1,174	2020
Tanzania *	Eastern Africa	Africa	1,159.193	2021	1,084	2019	1,077	2020
Togo *	Western Africa	Africa	1,000.438	2021	899	2019	915	2020
Mali *	Western Africa	Africa	966.141	2021	887	2019	859	2020
Zambia *	Eastern Africa	Africa	1,115.272	2021	1,292	2019	1,051	2020
Uganda *	Eastern Africa	Africa	1,018.436	2021	737	2019	817	2020
Ethiopia *	Eastern Africa	Africa	939.511	2021	828	2019	936	2020
Guinea-Bissau *	Western Africa	Africa	858.040	2021	688	2019	728	2020
Burkina Faso *	Western Africa	Africa	926.200	2021	787	2019	831	2020
Gambia *	Western Africa	Africa	819.220	2021	776	2019	787	2020
Rwanda *	Eastern Africa	Africa	802.264	2021	820	2019	798	2020
Tajikistan *	Central Asia	Asia	839.180	2021	894	2019	859	2020
Sudan *	Northern Africa	Africa	789.448	2021	815	2019	596	2020
Yemen *	Western Asia	Asia	585.003	2021	855	2019	824	2018
Chad *	Middle Africa	Africa	729.844	2021	707	2019	615	2020
Liberia *	Western Africa	Africa	703.406	2021	523	2019	583	2020
North Korea *	Eastern Asia	Asia	—		640	2019	—
Niger *	Western Africa	Africa	622.230	2021	555	2019	2,097	2020
Eritrea *	Eastern Africa	Africa	625.974	2021	567	2019	643	2011
Afghanistan *	Southern Asia	Asia	592	2021	470	2019	509	2020
DR Congo *	Middle Africa	Africa	593.558	2021	545	2019	557	2020
Central African Republic *	Middle Africa	Africa	525.914	2021	468	2019	477	2020
Sierra Leone *	Western Africa	Africa	541.063	2021	528	2019	485	2020
Madagascar *	Eastern Africa	Africa	498.682	2021	523	2019	496	2020
Malawi *	Eastern Africa	Africa	565.798	2021	435	2019	625	2020
Mozambique *	Eastern Africa	Africa	492.273	2021	504	2019	449	2020
Somalia *	Eastern Africa	Africa	350.361	2021	105	2019	309	2020
South Sudan *	Eastern Africa	Africa	230.132	2021	448	2019	1,120	2015
Burundi *	Eastern Africa	Africa	261.053	2021	260	2019	274	2020

Note: Data unavailable for the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, the Holy See (Vatican City), the Isle of Man, Jersey, Niue, the Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Tokelau, the United States Virgin Islands, and Western Sahara.

Distorted GDP-per-capita for tax havens

Main articles: Corporate haven § GDP-per-capita tax haven proxy, and Corporate haven § Distorted GDP/GNP

Many of the leading GDP-per-capita (nominal) jurisdictions are tax havens whose economic data is artificially inflated by tax-driven corporate accounting entries.

For instance, the Irish GDP data above is subject to material distortion by the tax planning activities of foreign multinationals in Ireland. To address this, in 2017 the Central Bank of Ireland created "modified GNI" (or GNI*) as a more appropriate statistic, and the OECD and IMF have adopted it for Ireland. 2015 Irish GDP is 143% of 2015 Irish GNI*.

A stunning $12 trillion—almost 40 percent of all foreign direct investment positions globally—is completely artificial: it consists of financial investment passing through empty corporate shells with no real activity. These investments in empty corporate shells almost always pass through well-known tax havens. The eight major pass-through economies—the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Hong Kong SAR, the British Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland, and Singapore—host more than 85 percent of the world’s investment in special purpose entities, which are often set up for tax reasons.
— "Piercing the Veil", International Monetary Fund, June 2018

Further discussion on this topic can be found in the List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita article.

References

O'Sullivan, Arthur
French President seeks alternatives to GDP, The Guardian 14-09-2009.
"European Parliament, Policy Department Economic and Scientific Policy: Beyond GDP Study" (PDF). (1.47 MB)
Richard Phillips; Matt Gardner; Alexandria Robins; Michelle Surka (2017). "Offshore Shell Games 2017" (PDF). Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy.
"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2021". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. October 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
, (Select all countries, "GDP, Per Capita GDP - US Dollars", and 2019 to generate table), United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed on 1 December 2020.
"GDP per capita (current US$)". World Development Indicators. World Bank. Retrieved 28 June 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
"GDP: Preliminary estimate for 2021 Q1 and outlook for 2021" (PDF). eng.stat.gov.tw. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
"國民所得統計摘要" (PDF). eng.stat.gov.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2021-07-02.
"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
"Piercing the Veil, FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT, JUNE 2018, VOL. 55, NO. 2". IMF Finance & Development. June 2018.

External links

Chart of GDP per capita at current US$ prices by Google, World Bank data
World Map and Chart of GDP per capita at current prices by Lebanese-economy-forum, World Bank data

v t e Lists of countries by GDP rankings
Nominal	Per capita Past and projected per capita Sector composition
Purchasing power parity (PPP)	Per capita Past per capita Past and projected per capita Per person employed Ten largest historically
Growth rate	African countries Asian states European Union member states European countries Latin American and Caribbean countries Oceanian countries Per capita 1980–2010 growth Industrial growth
Gross national income (GNI)	PPP per capita Nominal per capita Real income Per capita growth Disposable income Household final consumption expenditure per capita
Countries by region	Africa PPP nominal Commonwealth of Nations PPP nominal Latin America & Caribbean PPP nominal North America PPP nominal nominal per capita South America PPP Arab League nominal and per capita PPP and per capita ASEAN subdivision Asia Asia & Pacific nominal PPP Former Soviet Republics Europe PPP PPP per capita nominal nominal per capita Oceania GDP
Subnational divisions	Albania Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Baltic States Belarus Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada cities Chile per capita China per capita cities prefectures Colombia Croatia Czech Republic Egypt Finland France per capita Georgia Germany per capita cities Greece Hungary India PPP per capita Indonesia per capita cities regencies Italy nominal per capita Japan per capita Kazakhstan Kenya Malaysia Mexico per capita Moldova Mongolia Netherlands Nigeria Nepal New Zealand Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia per capita Saudi Arabia Serbia Slovakia South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Level 2 English counties cities United States counties cities Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Turkey Vietnam OECD Top country subdivisions by GDP Top country subdivisions by GDP per capita *Top country metropolitan by GDP
Lists of countries by financial rankings List of international rankings Lists by country

Economic classification of countries

Three/Four-World Model

Gross domestic product (GDP)

Nominal	By country past and projected per capita per capita
Purchasing power parity (PPP)	By country future estimates per capita per capita per person employed

Gross national income (GNI)

Wages

Wealth

Other national accounts

Human development

Digital divide

Net international
investment position (NIIP)

v t e Lists of countries by financial rankings
Trade	Account balance % of GDP Exports by product merchandise net per capita service exports Imports Trade-to-GDP ratio Tariff rate Leading trade partners
Investment	FDI received past FDI abroad GFI
Funds	Forex reserves Gold reserves Sovereign wealth funds Pension funds Creditor nations Debtor nations
Budget and debt	Government budget PPP % of GDP per capita Credit rating External debt Public debt future Household debt Corporate debt
Income and taxes	Tax rates Inheritance tax Tax revenue Wage average median minimum
Bank rates	Central bank interest rate Commercial bank prime lending rate
Currency	Inflation rate
Other	Financial Development Index Average annual labor hours Corporate governance Development aid Ease of doing business Gross national savings Price level Employment/Unemployment Financial assets Labour productivity Wealth
Lists of countries by GDP rankings List of international rankings Lists by country

Category:

Lists of countries by GDP per capita

Revision as of 05:02, 13 January 2022

Table

Distorted GDP-per-capita for tax havens

See also

References

External links