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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | Oral, IV |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 99% |
| Protein binding | 24 to 38% |
| Metabolism | Renal |
| Elimination half-life | 6 to 8 hours |
| Excretion | Urinary |
| Identifiers | |
IUPAC name
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.115.581  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C18H20FN3O4 |
| Molar mass | 361.368 g/mol g·mol |
Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, marketed by Ortho-McNeil under the trade name Levaquin. Chemically, levofloxacin is the S-enantiomer (L-isomer) of ofloxacin.
Levofloxacin is effective against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Because of its broad spectrum of action, levofloxacin is frequently prescribed empirically for a wide range of infections (e.g. pneumonia, urinary tract infection) before the specific causal organism is known. If the causal organism is identified, levofloxacin may be discontinued and the patient may be switched to an antibiotic with a narrower spectrum of activity.
Gram-positive bacteria
- Enterococcus faecalis (many strains are only moderately susceptible)
- Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible strains)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis (methicillin-susceptible strains)
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant strains*)
- Streptococcus pyogenes
Levofloxacin only has moderate Gram-positive coverage; beta-lactams (e.g. ceftriaxone) or glycopeptides (e.g. vancomycin) are generally preferred for this indication.
Gram-negative bacteria
- Enterobacter cloacae
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Escherichia coli
- Legionella pneumophila
- Serratia marcescens
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Haemophilus parainfluenzae
- Proteus mirabilis
- Campylobacter
Other
Some information extracted from Levaquin Prescribing information.
| Antibacterials that inhibit nucleic acid (J01E, J01M) | |||||||||||||||||
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| Antifolates (inhibit bacterial purine metabolism, thereby inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis) |
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| Quinolones (inhibit bacterial topoisomerase and/or DNA gyrase, thereby inhibiting DNA replication) |
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| Anaerobic DNA inhibitors |
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| RNA synthesis |
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- "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.