| Muscle
|
Location
|
Origin
|
Insertion
|
Artery
|
Nerve
|
Action
|
Antagonist
|
O
|
TA
|
| occipitalis
|
head, occipitofrontalis, back of skull (left/right)
|
superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid part of temporal bone
|
epicranial aponeurosis
|
occipital artery
|
facial nerve , posterior auricular nerve
|
retracts scalp
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| frontalis
|
head, occipitofrontalis, forehead (left/right)
|
skin of eyebrow and glabella
|
epicranial aponeurosis
|
ophthalmic artery
|
facial nerve , temporal branch
|
wrinkles eyebrow
|
procerus, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi muscles
|
2
|
1
|
| orbicularis oculi, orbital part
|
head, forehead/eyelid (left/right)
|
frontal bone
|
lateral palpebral raphe
|
ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery
|
facial nerve , zygomatic branch
|
closes eyelids (voluntary, winking/squeezing)
|
levator palpebrae superioris
|
2
|
3
|
| orbicularis oculi, palpebral part
|
head, forehead/eyelid (left/right)
|
medial palpebral ligament
|
lateral palpebral raphe
|
ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery
|
facial nerve , zygomatic branch
|
closes eyelids (involuntary, blinking/sleeping)
|
levator palpebrae superioris
|
2
|
3
|
| orbicularis oculi, deep palpebral (lacrimal) part
|
head, forehead/eyelid (left/right)
|
posterior crest of lacrimal bone
|
Edges of eyelids
|
ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery
|
facial nerve , zygomatic branch
|
facilitates tear ducts
|
?
|
2
|
3
|
| corrugator supercilii
|
head, eye (left/right)
|
nasal part of frontal bone
|
intermediate third of skin of eyebrow
|
ophthalmic artery
|
facial nerve , zygomatic branch
|
moves skin of forehead medially and inferiorly (towards root of nose)
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| depressor supercilii
|
head, eye (left/right)
|
nasal part of frontal bone, medial rim of orbit
|
medial third of skin of eyebrow
|
ophthalmic artery
|
facial nerve , zygomatic branch
|
moves skin of eyebrows inferiorly
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| levator palpebrae superioris
|
head, extraocular (left/right)
|
sphenoid bone
|
tarsal plate, upper eyelid
|
ophthalmic artery
|
oculomotor nerve
|
retracts and elevates eyelid
|
orbicularis oculi
|
2
|
1
|
| superior tarsal
|
head, extraocular (left/right)
|
underside of levator palpebrae superioris
|
superior tarsal plate of eyelid
|
ophthalmic artery
|
sympathetic nervous system
|
raises upper eyelid
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| rectus, superior
|
head, eye, orbit (left/right)
|
annulus of Zinn at orbital apex
|
7.5 mm superior to corneal limbus
|
ophthalmic artery
|
oculomotor nerve , superior branch
|
adducts, elevates, and medially rotates eye
|
Oblique Superior and inferior
|
2
|
1
|
| rectus, inferior
|
head, eye, orbit (left/right)
|
annulus of Zinn at orbital apex
|
6.5 mm inferior to corneal limbus
|
ophthalmic artery
|
oculomotor nerve , inferior branch
|
adducts and depresses eye
|
Oblique Superior and inferior
|
2
|
1
|
| rectus, medial
|
head, eye, orbit (left/right)
|
annulus of Zinn at orbital apex
|
5.5 mm medial to corneal limbus
|
ophthalmic artery
|
oculomotor nerve , inferior branch
|
adducts eye
|
Oblique Superior and inferior
|
2
|
1
|
| rectus, lateral
|
head, eye, orbit (left/right)
|
annulus of Zinn at orbital apex
|
7 mm temporal to corneal limbus
|
ophthalmic artery
|
abducens nerve
|
abducts eye
|
Oblique Superior and inferior
|
2
|
1
|
| oblique, superior
|
head, extraocular (left/right)
|
annulus of Zinn at orbital apex, medial to optic canal
|
outer posterior quadrant of eyeball
|
ophthalmic artery, lateral muscular branch
|
trochlear nerve
|
abducts, intorts, and depress eye
|
right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists)
|
2
|
1
|
| oblique, inferior
|
head, extraocular (left/right)
|
orbital surface of maxilla, lateral to lacrimal groove
|
laterally onto eyeball, deep to lateral rectus, by a short flat tendon
|
ophthalmic artery
|
oculomotor nerve
|
abducts, extorts, and elevates eye
|
right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists)
|
2
|
1
|
| temporoparietalis
|
head, ear, outer ear (left/right)
|
auriculares muscles
|
epicranial aponeurosis
|
|
facial nerve
|
fixes galeal aponeurosis
|
|
2
|
1
|
| auricularis anterior
|
head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right)
|
temporal fascia
|
front of helix of ear
|
posterior auricular artery
|
facial nerve
|
pulls auricle forwards
|
|
2
|
1
|
| auricularis superior
|
head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right)
|
epicranial aponeurosis
|
dorsocranial surface of auricle
|
posterior auricular artery
|
facial nerve
|
pulls auricle upwards
|
|
2
|
1
|
| auricularis posterior
|
head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right)
|
mastoid process of temporal bone, tendon of sternocleidomastoid
|
dorsal part of auricle
|
posterior auricular artery
|
facial nerve
|
pulls auricle backwards
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| helicis major
|
head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)
|
Spina helicis
|
Anterior border of the helix
|
Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries
|
Facial nerve
|
depresses the anterior margin of the ear cartilage
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| helicis minor
|
head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)
|
Base of the helical crus
|
Anterior aspect of the helical crus
|
Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries
|
Facial nerve, Posterior auricular nerve branch
|
Adjusts the shape of the anterior margin of the ear cartilage
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| tragicus
|
head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)
|
Base of the tragus
|
Apex of the tragus
|
Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries
|
Facial nerve
|
Increase the opening of the external acoustic meatus
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| antitragicus
|
head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)
|
Outer part of the antitragus
|
Cauda helicis and antihelix
|
Auricular branch of superficial temporal and auricular branches of posterior auricular artery
|
Facial nerve
|
Modifies the auricular shape
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| auricle, transverse
|
head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)
|
Cranial surface of the eminentia conchae
|
Cranial surface of the eminentia scaphae
|
Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries
|
Facial nerve
|
Flattens the cranial profile outer ear
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| auricle, oblique
|
head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Facial nerve, posterior auricular nerve
|
?
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| Muscle of terminal notch
|
head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
0
|
1
|
| stapedius
|
head, ear, inner ear (left/right)
|
tip of pyramid of middle ear
|
neck of stapes
|
stapedial branch of posterior auricular artery
|
nerve to the stapedius from facial nerve
|
reduces movement of stapes, controls amplitude of sound waves to inner ear
|
|
2
|
1
|
| tensor tympani
|
head, ear, inner ear (left/right)
|
Eustachian tube
|
handle of malleus
|
superior tympanic artery
|
medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve
|
tenses tympanic membrane, controls amplitude of sound waves to inner ear
|
|
2
|
1
|
| procerus
|
head, nose (left/right)
|
fascia over lower part of nasal bone
|
skin of lower part of forehead between eyebrows
|
facial artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
draws down medial angle of eyebrow (giving expressions of frowning)
|
|
2
|
1
|
| depressor septi nasi
|
head, nose (left/right)
|
incisive fossa of maxilla
|
nasal septum and back part of alar part of nasalis
|
superior labial artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
depresses nasal septum
|
|
2
|
1
|
| levator nasolabialis (levator labii superioris alaeque nasi)
|
head, nose (left/right)
|
frontal process of maxilla
|
nostril and upper lip
|
superior labial artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
dilates nostril, elevates upper lip, elevates wing of nose
|
|
2
|
1
|
| nasalis, transverse part
|
head, nose, nasalis, transverse part (left/right)
|
alveolar yoke of canine tooth
|
lateral nasal cartilage
|
superior labial artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
compresses nostrils
|
|
2
|
2
|
| nasalis, alar part
|
head, nose, nasalis, alar part (left/right)
|
alveolar yoke of lateral incisor tooth, greater and lesser alar cartilages
|
skin near margin of nostril
|
superior labial artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
dilates nostrils
|
|
2
|
2
|
| levator anguli oris
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
maxilla
|
modiolus of mouth
|
facial artery
|
facial nerve
|
elevates angle of mouth (smile)
|
depressor anguli oris
|
2
|
1
|
| depressor anguli oris
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
tubercle of mandible
|
modiolus of mouth
|
facial artery
|
facial nerve , mandibular branch
|
depresses angle of mouth (frown)
|
levator anguli oris
|
2
|
1
|
| transversus menti
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
continuation of depressor anguli oris muscles
|
other side of depressor anguli oris muscles
|
facial artery
|
facial nerve , mandibular branch or buccal branch
|
depresses angle of mouth (frown)
|
levator anguli oris
|
0.6
|
1
|
| levator labii superioris
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
medial part of infra-orbital margin of maxilla
|
skin and muscle of upper lip (labii superioris)
|
superior labial artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
elevates upper lip
|
|
2
|
1
|
| depressor labii inferioris
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
oblique line of mandible, between symphysis and mental foramen
|
integument of lower lip, orbicularis oris fibers, its fellow of opposite side
|
inferior labial artery
|
facial nerve , marginal mandibular branch
|
depresses lower lip
|
|
2
|
1
|
| mentalis
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
alveolar yoke of lower, lateral incisor tooth, found on anterior mandible
|
skin of chin
|
inferior labial artery
|
facial nerve , marginal mandibular branch
|
elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip
|
|
2
|
1
|
| bucinator (buccinator)
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe
|
fibres of orbicularis oris
|
buccal artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
compress cheeks against teeth (blowing), mastication
|
|
2
|
1
|
| orbicularis oris, marginal part
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
maxilla and mandible
|
skin around lips
|
superior labial artery, inferior labial artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
puckers lips
|
|
2
|
2
|
| orbicularis oris, labial part
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
maxilla and mandible
|
skin around lips
|
superior labial artery, inferior labial artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
puckers lips
|
|
2
|
2
|
| risorius
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
parotid fascia
|
modiolus of mouth
|
facial artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
draw back angle of mouth
|
|
2
|
1
|
| zygomaticus major
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture
|
modiolus of mouth
|
facial artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
draws angle of mouth upward and laterally
|
|
2
|
1
|
| zygomaticus minor
|
head, mouth (left/right)
|
zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture
|
skin of upper lip
|
facial artery
|
facial nerve , buccal branch
|
elevates upper lip
|
|
2
|
1
|
| masseter, superficial part
|
head, coronal plane (left/right)
|
anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of zygomatic arch and maxilla
|
angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity of mandible
|
masseteric artery
|
masseteric nerve from mandibular nerve
|
elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth)
|
platysma
|
2
|
2
|
| masseter, deep part
|
head, coronal plane (left/right)
|
anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of zygomatic arch and maxilla
|
angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity of mandible
|
masseteric artery
|
masseteric nerve from mandibular nerve
|
elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth)
|
platysma
|
2
|
2
|
| temporalis
|
head, coronal plane (left/right)
|
temporal lines on parietal bone of skull
|
coronoid process of mandible
|
deep temporal arteries
|
deep temporal nerves from mandibular nerve
|
elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth)
|
platysma
|
2
|
1
|
| pterygoid, lateral
|
head, coronal plane (left/right)
|
greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid process
|
condyloid process of mandible
|
maxillary artery, pterygoid branches
|
external pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve
|
depresses mandible (opens mouth)
|
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid
|
2
|
1
|
| pterygoideus proprius
|
head, coronal plane (left/right)
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
0
|
1
|
| pterygoid, medial
|
head, coronal plane (left/right)
|
medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind upper teeth (deep head); pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity (superficial head)
|
medial angle of mandible
|
maxillary artery, pterygoid branches
|
mandibular nerve , medial pterygoid nerve
|
elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoid in moving jaw from side to side
|
|
2
|
1
|
| genioglossus, inferior fibers
|
head, tongue (left/right)
|
superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)
|
dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid
|
lingual artery
|
hypoglossal nerve
|
protrudes tongue
|
|
2
|
3
|
| genioglossus, middle fibers
|
head, tongue (left/right)
|
superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)
|
dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid
|
lingual artery
|
hypoglossal nerve
|
depresses tongue
|
|
2
|
3
|
| genioglossus, superior fibers
|
head, tongue (left/right)
|
superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)
|
dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid
|
lingual artery
|
hypoglossal nerve
|
draws tip of tongue back and down
|
|
2
|
3
|
| hyoglossus (ceratoglossus)
|
head, tongue (left/right)
|
hyoid
|
side of tongue
|
|
hypoglossal nerve
|
depresses tongue
|
|
2
|
1
|
| chondroglossus
|
head, tongue (left/right)
|
lesser cornu and body of hyoid bone
|
intrinsic muscular fibers of tongue
|
|
hypoglossal nerve
|
depresses tongue (some consider this muscle to be part of hyoglossus)
|
|
2
|
1
|
| styloglossus
|
head, tongue (left/right)
|
styloid process of temporal bone
|
tongue
|
lingual artery, sublingual branch
|
hypoglossal nerve
|
elevates and retracts tongue
|
inferior and middle fibers of genioglossus
|
2
|
1
|
| palatoglossus
|
head, tongue and soft palate (left/right)
|
palatine aponeurosis
|
tongue
|
|
vagus nerve , pharyngeal plexus and accessory nerve
|
raises back part of tongue, aiding in breathing
|
|
2
|
1
|
| superior longitudinal lingual
|
head, tongue (left/right)
|
close to epiglottis, from median fibrous septum
|
edges of tongue
|
lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery
|
hypoglossal nerve
|
shortens tongue, turns tip upward, turns lateral margins upward
|
|
2
|
1
|
| transversus linguae
|
head, tongue (left/right)
|
median fibrous septum
|
sides of tongue
|
lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery
|
hypoglossal nerve
|
narrows tongue with no elongation
|
|
2
|
1
|
| inferior longitudinal lingual
|
head, tongue (left/right)
|
root of tongue
|
apex of tongue
|
lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery
|
hypoglossal nerve
|
shortens tongue, retracts, pulls tip downward
|
|
2
|
1
|
| verticalis linguae
|
head, tongue (left/right)
|
dorsum of tongue
|
inferior surface borders of tongue
|
lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery
|
hypoglossal nerve
|
|
|
2
|
1
|
| tensor veli palatini
|
head, soft palate (left/right)
|
medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
|
palatine aponeurosis
|
|
mandibular nerve , medial pterygoid nerve
|
tenses soft palate, aids in swallowing
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| levator veli palatini
|
head, soft palate (left/right)
|
temporal bone, Eustachian tube
|
palatine aponeurosis
|
facial artery
|
vagus nerve , pharyngeal plexus
|
elevates soft palate
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| palatopharyngeus
|
head, soft palate (left/right)
|
palatine aponeurosis and hard palate
|
upper border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers)
|
facial artery
|
vagus nerve , pharyngeal branch
|
aids in breathing by pulling pharynx and larynx
|
|
2
|
1
|
| uvulae
|
head, soft palate (left/right)
|
hard palate
|
soft tissue of uvula
|
|
vagus nerve , pharyngeal branch
|
moves and changes shape of uvula
|
|
2
|
1
|
| stylopharyngeus
|
head, pharynx (left/right)
|
styloid process of temporal bone
|
thyroid cartilage (pharynx)
|
ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches
|
glossopharyngeal nerve
|
elevates larynx, elevates pharynx, swallowing
|
|
2
|
1
|
| salpingopharyngeus
|
head, pharynx (left/right)
|
cartilage of Eustachian tube
|
posterior fasciculus of pharyngopalatinus
|
|
vagus nerve , accessory nerve
|
raises nasopharynx
|
|
2
|
1
|
| pharyngeal constrictor, inferior, thyropharyngeal part
|
head, pharynx (left/right)
|
cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage
|
pharyngeal raphe
|
ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches
|
vagus nerve , superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
swallowing
|
|
2
|
2
|
| pharyngeal constrictor, inferior, cricopharyngeal part
|
head, pharynx (left/right)
|
cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage
|
pharyngeal raphe
|
ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches
|
vagus nerve , superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
swallowing
|
|
2
|
2
|
| pharyngeal constrictor, middle, chondropharyngeal part
|
head, pharynx (left/right)
|
hyoid bone
|
pharyngeal raphe
|
ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches
|
vagus nerve , pharyngeal plexus
|
swallowing
|
|
2
|
2
|
| pharyngeal constrictor, middle, ceratopharyngeal part
|
head, pharynx (left/right)
|
hyoid bone
|
pharyngeal raphe
|
ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches
|
vagus nerve , pharyngeal plexus
|
swallowing
|
|
2
|
2
|
| pharyngeal constrictor, superior, pterygopharyngeal part
|
head, pharynx (left/right)
|
medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process
|
pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle
|
ascending pharyngeal artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery
|
vagus nerve , pharyngeal plexus
|
swallowing
|
|
2
|
4
|
| pharyngeal constrictor, superior, buccopharyngeal part
|
head, pharynx (left/right)
|
medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process
|
pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle
|
ascending pharyngeal artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery
|
vagus nerve , pharyngeal plexus
|
swallowing
|
|
2
|
4
|
| pharyngeal constrictor, superior, mylopharyngeal part
|
head, pharynx (left/right)
|
medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process
|
pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle
|
ascending pharyngeal artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery
|
vagus nerve , pharyngeal plexus
|
swallowing
|
|
2
|
4
|
| pharyngeal constrictor, superior, glossopharyngeal part
|
head, pharynx (left/right)
|
medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process
|
pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle
|
ascending pharyngeal artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery
|
vagus nerve , pharyngeal plexus
|
swallowing
|
|
2
|
4
|
| cricothyroid, straight part
|
head, larynx (left/right)
|
anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage
|
inferior cornu and lamina of thyroid cartilage
|
cricothyroid branch of superior thyroid artery
|
vagus nerve , superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch
|
tenses and elongates vocal folds (has minor adductory effect)
|
|
2
|
1
|
| cricothyroid, oblique part
|
head, larynx (left/right)
|
anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage
|
inferior cornu and lamina of thyroid cartilage
|
cricothyroid branch of superior thyroid artery
|
vagus nerve , superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch
|
tenses and elongates vocal folds (has minor adductory effect)
|
|
2
|
1
|
| arytenoid, transverse
|
head, larynx (left/right)
|
arytenoid cartilage on one side
|
arytenoid cartilage on opposite side
|
superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery
|
vagus nerve , recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
approximates arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis)
|
|
2
|
1
|
| arytenoid, oblique
|
head, larynx (left/right)
|
arytenoid cartilage on one side
|
arytenoid cartilage on opposite side
|
superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery
|
vagus nerve , recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
approximates arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis)
|
|
2
|
1
|
| arytenoid, oblique, aryepiglottic part
|
head, larynx (left/right)
|
apex of arytenoid
|
lateral border of epiglottis
|
laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery
|
vagus nerve , inferior laryngeal nerve
|
closes the laryngeal inlet
|
?
|
2
|
0
|
| vocalis
|
head, larynx (left/right)
|
inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage
|
anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage
|
|
vagus nerve , recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech
|
|
2
|
1
|
| thyroarytenoid, thyroepiglottic part
|
head, larynx (left/right)
|
inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage
|
anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage
|
|
vagus nerve , recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech
|
|
2
|
1
|
| thyroarytenoid, external part
|
head, larynx (left/right)
|
inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage
|
anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage
|
|
vagus nerve , recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech
|
|
2
|
1
|
| cricoarytenoid, posterior
|
head, larynx (left/right)
|
posterior part of cricoid cartilage
|
muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
|
|
vagus nerve , recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
abducts and laterally rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments away from midline and forward and so opening rima glottidis
|
lateral cricoarytenoid
|
2
|
1
|
| cricoarytenoid, lateral
|
head, larynx (left/right)
|
lateral part of arch of cricoid cartilage
|
muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
|
|
vagus nerve , recurrent laryngeal nerve
|
adducts and medially rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments towards midline and backwards and so closing rima glottidis
|
posterior cricoarytenoid
|
2
|
1
|
| ceratocricoideus
|
head, larynx (left/right)
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
0
|
1
|
| platysma
|
Neck, Clavicular, Right, left
|
base of mandible
|
inferior clavicle and fascia of chest
|
branches of submental artery, branches of suprascapular artery
|
cervical branch of facial nerve
|
tenses skin of neck
|
masseter, temporalis
|
2
|
1
|
| sternocleidomastoid
|
Neck, Clavicular, Right, left
|
manubrium sterni (sternal head), medial portion of clavicle (clavicular head)
|
mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line
|
occipital artery, superior thyroid artery
|
motor: accessory nerve
sensory: cervical plexus
|
tilts head to its own side, rotates head so face is turned towards opposite side, flexes neck, raises sternum, assists in forced inspiration
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| digastric, anterior belly
|
Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left
|
digastric fossa (mandible)
|
intermediate tendon (lesser horn of hyoid bone)
|
submental branch of facial artery
|
mandibular nerve via mylohyoid nerve
|
opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed
|
??
|
2
|
2
|
| digastric, posterior belly
|
Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left
|
mastoid process of temporal bone
|
intermediate tendon (lesser horn of hyoid bone)
|
occipital artery
|
facial nerve
|
opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed
|
??
|
2
|
2
|
| stylohyoid
|
Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left
|
styloid process of temporal bone
|
greater horn of hyoid bone
|
occipital artery
|
facial nerve
|
elevates hyoid during swallowing
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| mylohyoid
|
Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left
|
mylohyoid line of mandible
|
pharyngeal raphe
|
mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery
|
mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve
|
raises oral cavity floor, elevates hyoid, depresses mandible
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| geniohyoid
|
Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left
|
mandibular symphysis
|
anterior surface of body of hyoid bone
|
|
C1 via hypoglossal nerve
|
elevates hyoid and tongue upward during swallowing
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| sternohyoid
|
Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left
|
sternum, manubrium
|
hyoid bone
|
superior thyroid artery
|
ansa cervicalis
|
depresses hyoid
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| sternothyroid
|
Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left
|
sternum, manubrium
|
thyroid cartilage
|
superior thyroid artery
|
ansa cervicalis
|
depresses larynx, may slightly depress hyoid
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| thyrohyoid
|
Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left
|
thyroid cartilage
|
hyoid bone
|
superior thyroid artery
|
C1
|
depress hyoid
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| omohyoid, superior belly
|
Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left
|
upper border of scapula
|
hyoid bone
|
inferior thyroid artery
|
ansa cervicalis
|
depresses larynx, depresses and moves to side hyoid
|
??
|
2
|
2
|
| omohyoid, inferior belly
|
Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left
|
upper border of scapula
|
hyoid bone
|
inferior thyroid artery
|
ansa cervicalis
|
depresses larynx, depresses and moves to side hyoid
|
??
|
2
|
2
|
| levator glandulae thyroideae
|
Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left
|
thyrohyoid muscle
|
thyroid isthmus
|
?
|
ansa cervicalis
|
?
|
?
|
0
|
1
|
| longus colli
|
Neck, Anterior
|
transverse processes of vertebrae C3, C4, C5, and C6
|
anterior arch of atlas
|
ascending pharyngeal artery, vertebral artery
|
C2, C3, C4, C5, C6
|
flexes neck and head
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| longus capitis
|
Neck, Anterior
|
anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C3, C4, C5, and C6
|
basilar part of occipital bone
|
??
|
C1, C2, C3/C4
|
flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| rectus capitis, anterior
|
Neck, Anterior
|
atlas
|
occipital bone
|
??
|
C1
|
flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| rectus capitis, lateralis
|
Neck, Anterior/Lateral, Right/left
|
upper surface of transverse process of atlas (C1)
|
under surface of jugular process of occipital bone
|
??
|
C1
|
laterally flexes neck, stabilises sidebens at atlanto-occipital joint
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| scalenus anterior
|
Neck, Lateral, Right/left
|
cervical vertebrae C3-C6
|
first rib
|
inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical artery
|
ventral ramus of C5, C6
|
when neck is fixed, elevates first rib to aid in breathing; when rib is fixed, bends neck forward and sideways and rotates it to opposite side
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| scalenus medius
|
Neck, Lateral, Right/left
|
cervical vertebrae C2-C6
|
first rib
|
inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical artery
|
ventral rami of third to eighth cervical spinal nerves
|
elevates first rib, rotates neck to opposite side
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| scalenus posterior
|
Neck, Lateral, Right/left
|
cervical vertebrae C4 – C6, transverse processes
|
second rib
|
ascending cervical artery and superficial cervical artery
|
C6, C7, C8
|
elevates second rib, tilts neck to same side
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| scalenus minimus
|
Neck, Lateral, Right/left
|
cervical vertebrae C7
|
first rib
|
superficial cervical artery
|
C7, C8
|
elevates first rib
|
??
|
0
|
1
|
| levator scapulae
|
Neck/Upper Limb, Verterbral Column, Lateral, Right/left
|
posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 – C4 vertebrae
|
superior part of medial border of scapula
|
dorsal scapular artery
|
cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
|
elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
|
serratus anterior
|
2
|
1
|
| obliquus capitis, superior
|
Neck, Posterior/Lateral, Right/left
|
lateral mass of atlas
|
lateral half of inferior nuchal line
|
??
|
suboccipital nerve
|
flexes head to same side
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| obliquus capitis, inferior
|
Neck, Posterior/Lateral, Right/left
|
spinous process of axis
|
lateral mass of atlas
|
??
|
suboccipital nerve
|
rotates neck
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| rectus capitis, posterior minor
|
Neck, Posterior
|
tubercle on posterior arch of atlas (C1)
|
medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone and surface between it and foramen magnum
|
??
|
a branch of dorsal primary division of suboccipital nerve
|
sensory organ for neck position, also extends head at neck
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| rectus capitis, posterior major
|
Neck, Posterior
|
spinous process of axis (C2)
|
inferior nucheal line of occipital bone
|
occipital artery
|
dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
|
rotates and extends head to same side
|
??
|
2
|
1
|
| rectus abdominis
|
Torso, Abdomen, right/left
|
pubic symphysis, pubic crest
|
xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
|
inferior epigastric artery, superior epigastric artery; contributions from posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries, and deep circumflex arteries
|
intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve
|
flexes trunk, compresses abdominal organs, aids in expiration
|
erector spinae
|
2
|
1
|
| external abdominal oblique
|
Torso, Abdomen, right/left
|
external surfaces of ribs 5-12
|
linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest
|
lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, deep circumflex iliac artery
|
motor: intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve sensory: iliohypogastric nerve
|
flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side, expiration, compresses abdominal organs
|
|
2
|
1
|
| internal abdominal oblique
|
Torso, Abdomen, right/left
|
anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch, thoracolumbar fascia
|
inferior borders of ribs 10–12, pubic crest
|
lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior lumbar arteries
|
intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve
|
flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side, expiration, compresses abdominal organs
|
|
2
|
1
|
| cremaster
|
Torso, Abdomen, inguinal canal and scrotum
|
Internal oblique
|
Tunica vaginalis
|
Cremasteric artery
|
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
|
raise and lower the scrotum (involuntary)
|
?
|
0-1(M)
|
1
|
| transversus abdominis
|
Torso, Abdomen, right/left
|
internal surface of costal cartilage of ribs 7–12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch
|
linea alba, aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle, pubic crest
|
lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior lumbar arteries
|
intercostal nerves T7-T11, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve
|
rotates trunk to same side, compresses abdominal organs, expiration
|
|
2
|
1
|
| pyramidalis
|
Torso, Abdomen, right/left
|
pubic symphysis, pubic crest
|
linea alba
|
inferior epigastric artery
|
subcostal nerve
|
tenses linea alba
|
|
2
|
1
|
| quadratus lumborum
|
Torso, Abdomen, right/left
|
iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
|
inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes of L1-L4
|
lumbar, median sacral, iliolumbar, subcostal arteries
|
subcostal nerve, anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4
|
flexes trunk to same side, fixes rib 12 during inspiration, extends trunk
|
|
2
|
1
|
| iliocostalis colli
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes
|
ribs
|
lateral sacral artery
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/flexes vertebral column
|
rectus abdominis
|
2
|
1
|
| iliocostalis lumborum
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes
|
The lower six or seven ribs
|
lateral sacral artery
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/flexes vertebral column
|
rectus abdominis
|
2
|
1
|
| iliocostalis thoracis
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes(the lower six ribs)
|
upper six ribs and the transverse process of CVII
|
lateral sacral artery
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/flexes vertebral column
|
rectus abdominis
|
2
|
1
|
| longissimus capitis
|
Torso/Neck, Back, right/left
|
articular processes of C4-C7; transverse processes of T1-T5
|
posterior margin of mastoid process
|
lateral sacral artery
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/flexes vertebral column, flexes head and neck to same side
|
rectus abdominis
|
2
|
1
|
| longissimus colli
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
transverse process
|
lateral sacral artery
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/flexes vertebral column
|
rectus abdominis
|
2
|
1
|
| longissimus thoracis
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
transverse process
|
lateral sacral artery
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/flexes vertebral column
|
rectus abdominis
|
2
|
1
|
| longissimus thoracis, lumbar part
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
transverse process
|
lateral sacral artery
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/flexes vertebral column
|
rectus abdominis
|
2
|
0
|
| spinalis capitis
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
spinous process
|
spinous process
|
lateral sacral artery
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/flexes vertebral column
|
rectus abdominis
|
2
|
1
|
| spinalis colli
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
spinous process
|
spinous process
|
lateral sacral artery
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/flexes vertebral column
|
rectus abdominis
|
2
|
1
|
| spinalis thoracis
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
spinous process
|
spinous process
|
lateral sacral artery
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/flexes vertebral column
|
rectus abdominis
|
2
|
1
|
| latissimus dorsi
|
Torso/Upper Limb, Back, Vertebral column, right/left
|
spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
|
floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
|
subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery
|
thoracodorsal nerve(C6 to C8)
|
pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally(Extends, medially rotates and adducts humerus)
|
deltoid, trapezius
|
2
|
1
|
| semispinalis thoracis
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse processes of sixth to tenth thoracic vertebrae
|
spinous processes of upper four thoracic vertebrae and lower two cervical vertebrae
|
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/rotates vertebral column
|
|
2
|
1
|
| semispinalis colli (cervicis)
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse processes of upper five or six thoracic vertebrae
|
spinous processes, cervical, from axis to fifth
|
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
extends/rotates vertebral column
|
|
2
|
1
|
| semispinalis capitis
|
Torso/Neck, Back, right/left
|
articular processes of C4-C6; transverse processes of C7 and T1-T7
|
spinous process, occipital bone, area between superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line
|
|
greater occipital nerve
|
extends head
|
|
2
|
1
|
| multifidus lumborum
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and iliac crest
|
spinous process
|
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column
|
|
2
|
1
|
| multifidus thoracis
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and iliac crest
|
spinous process
|
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column
|
|
2
|
1
|
| multifidus colli
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and iliac crest
|
spinous process
|
|
posterior branch of spinal nerve
|
stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column
|
|
2
|
1
|
| rotatores, long 1-11
|
Torso, Back, thoracis, right/left
|
transverse process
|
spinous process
|
spinous process
|
posterior branch
|
|
|
22
|
1
|
| rotatores, short 1-11
|
Torso, Back, thoracis, right/left
|
transverse process
|
spinous process
|
spinous process
|
posterior branch
|
|
|
22
|
1
|
| rotatores lumborum
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
spinous process
|
spinous process
|
posterior branch
|
|
|
0
|
1
|
| rotatores colli
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
spinous process
|
spinous process
|
posterior branch
|
|
|
0
|
1
|
| interspinales lumborum 1-4
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
spinous process
|
spinous process
|
|
posterior rami of spinal nerves
|
extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column
|
|
8
|
1
|
| interspinales thoracis 1-3
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
spinous process
|
spinous process
|
|
posterior rami of spinal nerves
|
extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column
|
|
6
|
1
|
| interspinales colli 1-6
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
spinous process
|
spinous process
|
|
posterior rami of spinal nerves
|
extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column
|
|
12
|
1
|
| intertransversarii, anterior colli 1-7
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
transverse process above
|
|
posterior rami of spinal nerves
|
laterally flexes trunk
|
|
14
|
1
|
| intertransversarii, lateral posterior colli 1-7
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
transverse process above
|
|
posterior rami of spinal nerves
|
laterally flexes trunk
|
|
14
|
1
|
| intertransversarii, medial posterior colli 1-7
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
transverse process above
|
|
posterior rami of spinal nerves
|
laterally flexes trunk
|
|
14
|
1
|
| intertransversarii, lateral lumborum, dorsal parts 1-5
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
transverse process above
|
|
posterior rami of spinal nerves
|
laterally flexes trunk
|
|
10
|
2
|
| intertransversarii, lateral lumborum, ventral parts 1-5
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
transverse process above
|
|
posterior rami of spinal nerves
|
laterally flexes trunk
|
|
10
|
2
|
| intertransversarii, medial lumborum 1-5
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
transverse process above
|
|
posterior rami of spinal nerves
|
laterally flexes trunk
|
|
10
|
1
|
| intertransversarii, thoracis 1-9
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
transverse process
|
transverse process above
|
|
posterior rami of spinal nerves
|
laterally flexes trunk
|
|
18
|
1
|
| splenius capitis
|
Torso/Neck, Back, right/left
|
nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T6
|
mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone
|
??
|
C3, C4
|
extends, rotates, and laterally flexes head
|
|
2
|
1
|
| splenius colli
|
Torso, Back, right/left
|
spinous processes of T3-T6
|
transverse processes of C1, C2, C3
|
|
C5, C6
|
|
|
2
|
1
|
| external intercostal 1-11
|
Torso, Chest (left/right)
|
inferior border of rib (above)
|
superior border of rib (below)
|
intercostal arteries
|
intercostal nerves
|
inhalation
|
internal
|
22
|
1
|
| internal intercostal 1-11
|
Torso, Chest (left/right)
|
inferior border of rib (above)
|
superior border of rib (below)
|
intercostal arteries
|
intercostal nerves
|
holds ribs steady
|
external
|
22
|
1
|
| innermost intercostal 1-11
|
Torso, Chest
|
inferior border of rib (above)
|
superior border of rib (below)
|
intercostal arteries
|
intercostal nerves
|
elevates ribs, expiration
|
|
22
|
1
|
| subcostales 1-n
|
Torso, Chest
|
inner surface of one rib
|
inner surface of second or third rib above, near its angle
|
intercostal arteries
|
intercostal nerves
|
|
|
11
|
1
|
| transversus thoracis
|
Torso, Chest
|
costal cartilages of last 3–4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process
|
ribs/costal cartilages 2–6
|
intercostal arteries
|
intercostal nerves
|
depresses ribs
|
|
2
|
1
|
| levatores costarum, longi 1-4
|
Torso, Chest
|
transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae
|
superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae
|
|
dorsal rami – C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11
|
assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage
|
|
8
|
1
|
| levatores costarum, breves 1-12
|
Torso, Chest
|
transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae
|
superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae
|
|
dorsal rami – C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11
|
assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage
|
|
24
|
1
|
| serratus posterior inferior
|
Torso, Chest
|
vertebrae T11 – L3
|
inferior borders of 9th through 12th ribs
|
intercostal arteries
|
intercostal nerves
|
depresses lower ribs(IX to XII), aiding in expiration
|
|
2
|
1
|
| serratus posterior superior
|
Torso, Chest
|
nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and spinous processes of vertebrae C7 through T3
|
upper borders of 2nd through 5th ribs
|
intercostal arteries
|
2nd through 5th intercostal nerves
|
elevates ribs(II to V), aiding in inspiration
|
|
2
|
1
|
| hemidiaphragm, lumbar/costal/sternal part
|
Torso, Chest, Left/right
|
septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal folds, inner abdominal wall
|
|
pericardiacophrenic artery, musculophrenic artery, inferior phrenic arteries
|
phrenic and lower intercostal nerves
|
breathing
|
|
2
|
1
|
| coccygeus
|
Torso, Pelvis
|
sacrospinous ligament
|
coccyx
|
|
sacral nerves: S4, S5 or S3-S4
|
closes back part of pelvic outlet
|
|
2
|
1
|
| iliococcygeus
|
Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani
|
ischial spine, posterior part of tendinous arch of pelvic fascia
|
coccyx and anococcygeal raphe
|
inferior gluteal artery
|
levator ani nerve (S4)
|
supports organs in pelvic cavity
|
|
2
|
1
|
| pubococcygeus
|
Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani
|
back surface of pubis, anterior part of obturator fascia
|
coccyx and sacrum
|
inferior gluteal artery
|
levator ani nerve (S4)
|
controls urine flow, contracts during orgasm
|
|
2
|
1
|
| puboanalis (puborectalis)
|
Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani
|
lower part of pubic symphysis
|
-
|
inferior gluteal artery
|
S3, S4. levator ani nerve
|
inhibits defecation
|
|
2
|
1
|
| puboperinealis
|
Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| puboprostaticus (males) / pubovaginalis (females)
|
Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
2(F)(M)
|
1
|
| external anal sphincter, subcutaneous, superficial, and deep parts
|
Torso, Perineum
|
-
|
-
|
inferior rectal artery
|
S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve
|
keeps anal canal and anus closed, aids in expulsion of feces
|
-
|
1
|
1
|
| superficial transverse perineal
|
Torso, Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch
|
anterior surface of ischial tuberosity
|
central point of perineum
|
perineal artery
|
pudendal nerve
|
constricts urethra (maintains urinary continence), constricts vagina (women)
|
|
2
|
1
|
| bulbospongiosus
|
Torso, Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch
|
perineal raphe
|
-
|
perineal artery
|
pudendal nerve
|
empties urethra (men), clenches vagina (women)
|
|
2
|
1
|
| ischiocavernosus
|
Torso, Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch
|
ischial tuberosity
|
crus of penis (men), crus of clitoris (women)
|
perineal artery
|
pudendal nerve
|
assists bulbospongiosus
|
|
2
|
1
|
| Deep transverse perineal
|
Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch
|
inferior ramus of ischium
|
its fellow of opposite side
|
|
pudendal nerve
|
constricts urethra (maintains urinary continence), constricts vagina (women)
|
|
0-2(M)
|
1
|
| compressor urethrae
|
Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
0-1(F)
|
1
|
| sphincter urethrovaginalis
|
Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
0-1(F)
|
1
|
| external urethral sphincter
|
Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch
|
junction of inferior rami of pubis and ischium about 1.25 – 2 cm, and from neighboring fascia
|
its fellow of opposite side
|
|
perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)
|
constricts urethra, maintains urinary continence
|
|
2
|
1
|
| trapezius, descending part
|
Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left
|
down midline, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial part of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12
|
at shoulders, lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula
|
transverse cervical artery
|
motor: accessory nerve
sensory: cervical nerves C3 and C4
|
retracts and assists in rotating scapula(lower fibers depress scapula, upper fibers elevate it and middle fibers adduct )
|
serratus anterior
|
2
|
3
|
| trapezius, transverse part
|
Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left
|
down midline, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial part of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12
|
at shoulders, lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula
|
transverse cervical artery
|
motor: accessory nerve
sensory: cervical nerves C3 and C4
|
retracts and elevates scapula
|
serratus anterior
|
2
|
3
|
| trapezius, ascending part
|
Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left
|
down midline, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial part of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12
|
at shoulders, lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula
|
transverse cervical artery
|
motor: accessory nerve
sensory: cervical nerves C3 and C4
|
retracts and elevates scapula
|
serratus anterior
|
2
|
3
|
| transversus nuchae
|
Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
0
|
1
|
| rhomboid major
|
Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left?
|
spinous processes of T2 to T5 vertebrae
|
medial border of scapula, inferior to insertion of rhomboid minor
|
dorsal scapular artery
|
dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
|
retracts scapula and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall
|
serratus anterior
|
2
|
1
|
| rhomboid minor
|
Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left?
|
nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae
|
medial border of scapula, superior to insertion of rhomboid major
|
dorsal scapular artery
|
dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
|
retracts (adducts) scapula and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall
|
serratus anterior
|
2
|
1
|
| sternalis
|
Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?
|
manubrium of sternum or clavicle
|
xiphoid process, pectoral fascia, lower ribs, costal cartilages or rectus sheath
|
?
|
various
|
?
|
?
|
0
|
1
|
| pectoralis major
|
Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?
|
clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages
|
intertubercular groove of humerus
|
pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery
|
lateral pectoral nerve, medial pectoral nerve clavicular head: C5 and C6 sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1
|
adducts and medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly clavicular head: flexes humerus sternocostal head: extends humerus
|
|
2
|
1
|
| pectoralis major, abdominal part
|
Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?
|
clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages
|
intertubercular groove of humerus
|
pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery
|
lateral pectoral nerve, medial pectoral nerve clavicular head: C5 and C6 sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1
|
adducts and medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly clavicular head: flexes humerus sternocostal head: extends humerus
|
|
0
|
0
|
| pectoralis minor
|
Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?
|
3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages
|
medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
|
pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery
|
medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
|
stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
|
|
2
|
1
|
| subclavius
|
Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?
|
first rib
|
subclavian groove of clavicle
|
thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch
|
subclavian nerve
|
depresses clavicle
|
|
2
|
1
|
| serratus anterior
|
Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?
|
fleshy slips from outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs
|
costal surface of medial margin of scapula
|
lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part)
|
long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, C6, C7)
|
protracts and stabilises scapula, assists in upward rotation
|
rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, trapezius
|
2
|
1
|
| deltoid, clavicular/acromial/scapular spinal parts
|
Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left
|
clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
|
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
|
primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery
|
axillary nerve
|
abducts, flexes, and extends shoulder
|
latissimus dorsi
|
2
|
1
|
| teres major
|
Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left
|
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
|
medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
|
subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery
|
lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6)
|
internally rotates humerus
|
|
2
|
1
|
| supraspinatus
|
Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left
|
supraspinous fossa of scapula
|
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
|
suprascapular artery
|
suprascapular nerve
|
abducts and stabilises humerus
|
infraspinatus, teres minor, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
|
2
|
1
|
| infraspinatus
|
Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left
|
infraspinous fossa of scapula
|
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
|
suprascapular artery, circumflex scapular artery
|
suprascapular nerve
|
laterally rotates, adducts, and stabilises humerus
|
subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
|
2
|
1
|
| teres minor
|
Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left
|
lateral border of scapula
|
inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
|
posterior circumflex humeral artery, circumflex scapular artery
|
axillary nerve
|
laterally rotates and adducts humerus
|
subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
|
2
|
1
|
| subscapularis
|
Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left
|
subscapular fossa of scapula
|
lesser tubercle of humerus
|
subscapular artery
|
upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
|
medially rotates humerus, stabilizes shoulder
|
infraspinatus, teres minor
|
2
|
1
|
| coracobrachialis
|
Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left
|
coracoid process of scapula
|
medial surface of humerus
|
brachial artery
|
musculocutaneous nerve
|
flexes and adducts shoulder
|
|
2
|
1
|
| biceps brachii
|
Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left
|
short head: coracoid process of scapula
long head: supraglenoid tubercle
|
radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis
|
brachial artery
|
musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cord: C5, C6, C7)
|
flexes elbow, supinates forearm
|
triceps brachii
|
2
|
1
|
| brachialis
|
Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left
|
anterior surface of humerus (mainly distal half)
|
coronoid process of ulna, tuberosity of ulna
|
radial recurrent artery
|
musculocutaneous nerve
|
flexes elbow
|
triceps brachii
|
2
|
1
|
| triceps brachii
|
Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left
|
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: posterior humerus (above radial sulcus)
medial head: posterior humerus - (below radial sulcus)
|
olecranon of ulna
|
deep artery of arm
|
radial nerve
|
extends forearm, adducts shoulder (long head).
medial head does not function at shoulder.
|
biceps brachii, brachialis
|
2
|
1
|
| articularis cubiti
|
Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left
|
deep distal surface of medial head of triceps
|
posterior capsule of elbow joint
|
deep artery of arm
|
radial nerve
|
lifts capsule away from joint
|
?
|
2
|
1
|
| anconeus
|
Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left
|
lateral epicondyle of humerus
|
lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of posterior ulna
|
deep artery of arm, interosseous recurrent artery
|
radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1)
|
partly blended with triceps, extends forearm, stabilises elbow, abducts ulna during pronation
|
|
2
|
1
|
| pronator teres
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left
|
humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
|
pronator tuberosity of radius
|
ulnar artery, radial artery
|
median nerve
|
pronates forearm, flexes elbow
|
supinator
|
2
|
1
|
| flexor carpi radialis
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left
|
medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
|
bases of second metacarpal, base of third metacarpal
|
radial artery
|
median nerve
|
flexes and abducts wrist
|
extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus
|
2
|
1
|
| palmaris longus
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left
|
medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
|
palmar aponeurosis
|
ulnar artery
|
median nerve
|
flexes wrist
|
extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris
|
2
|
1
|
| flexor carpi ulnaris
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left
|
medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
|
pisiform, hook of hamate, base of fifth metacarpal
|
ulnar artery
|
muscular branches of ulnar nerve
|
flexes and adducts wrist
|
extensor carpi ulnaris
|
2
|
1
|
| flexor digitorum superficialis
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left
|
medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon), parts of radius and ulna
|
bases of middle phalanges 2, 3, 4, and 5
|
ulnar artery
|
median nerve
|
flexes fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints)
|
extensor digitorum
|
2
|
1
|
| pronator quadratus
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left
|
medial anterior surface of ulna
|
lateral anterior surface of radius
|
anterior interosseous artery
|
anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)
|
weakly pronates forearm
|
supinator
|
2
|
1
|
| flexor digitorum profundus
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left
|
ulna
|
distal phalanges
|
anterior interosseous artery
|
lateral belly: anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)
medial belly: muscular branches of ulnar nerve
|
flexes wrist, flexes interphalangeal joints
|
extensor digitorum
|
2
|
1
|
| flexor pollicis longus
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left
|
middle half of volar surface of radius, interosseus membrane
|
base of distal phalanx of thumb
|
anterior interosseous artery
|
anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) (C8, T1)
|
flexes thumb
|
extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor digitorum
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left
|
lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
|
2nd–5th phalanges
|
posterior interosseous artery
|
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
|
extends hand, extends fingers
|
flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor digiti minimi
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left
|
anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
|
extensor expansion, located at base of proximal phalanx on dorsal side
|
posterior interosseous artery
|
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
|
extends little finger at all joints
|
flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor carpi ulnaris
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left
|
lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon), ulna
|
5th metacarpal
|
ulnar artery
|
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
|
extends and adducts wrist
|
flexor carpi ulnaris
|
2
|
1
|
| brachioradialis
|
Upper limb, Forearm, mobile wad, Right/left
|
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
|
radial styloid process (distal radius)
|
radial recurrent artery
|
radial nerve
|
flexes forearm, pronates forearm when supine, supinates forearm when prone
|
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor carpi radialis longus
|
Upper limb, Forearm, mobile wad, Right/left
|
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
|
2nd metacarpal
|
radial artery
|
radial nerve
|
extends wrist joint, abducts hand at wrist
|
flexor carpi radialis
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor carpi radialis brevis
|
Upper limb, Forearm, mobile wad, Right/left
|
anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
|
base of 3rd metacarpal
|
radial artery
|
posterior interosseus nerve
|
extends wrist joint, abducts hand at wrist
|
flexor carpi radialis
|
2
|
1
|
| supinator
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left
|
lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament
|
lateral proximal shaft of radius
|
radial recurrent artery
|
posterior interosseus nerve (C7, C8)
|
supinates forearm
|
pronator teres, pronator quadratus
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor indicis
|
Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left
|
ulna
|
index finger (extensor hood)
|
|
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
|
extends index finger, wrist
|
|
2
|
1
|
| abductor pollicis longus
|
Upper limb, Forearm, anatomical snuffbox, Right/left
|
ulna
|
first metacarpal
|
posterior interosseous artery
|
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
|
abducts and extends thumb
|
adductor pollicis
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor pollicis brevis
|
Upper limb, Forearm, anatomical snuffbox, Right/left
|
radius, interosseous membrane of forearm
|
proximal phalanx of thumb
|
posterior interosseous artery
|
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
|
extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
|
flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor pollicis longus
|
Upper limb, Forearm, anatomical snuffbox, Right/left
|
ulna, interosseous membrane of forearm
|
distal phalanx of thumb
|
posterior interosseous artery
|
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
|
extends thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal)
|
flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis
|
2
|
1
|
| opponens pollicis
|
Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar
|
trapezium, transverse carpal ligament
|
metacarpal bone of thumb on its radial side
|
superficial palmar arch
|
median nerve
|
opposes thumb
|
|
2
|
1
|
| flexor pollicis brevis
|
Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar
|
trapezoid, flexor retinaculum
|
thumb, proximal phalanx
|
superficial palmar arch
|
median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head)
|
flexes thumb
|
extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
|
2
|
1
|
| abductor pollicis brevis
|
Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar
|
flexor retinaculum of hand, scaphoid and trapezium
|
radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and thumb extensors
|
superficial palmar arch
|
median nerve
|
abducts thumb
|
adductor pollicis
|
2
|
1
|
| adductor pollicis
|
Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar
|
transverse head: anterior body of third metacarpal
oblique head: bases of second and third metacarpals and adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones
|
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb and ulnar sesamoid
|
deep palmar arch
|
deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1)
|
adducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint
|
abductor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis
|
2
|
1
|
| palmaris brevis
|
Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar
|
flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis
|
palm
|
palmar metacarpal artery
|
superficial branch of ulnar nerve
|
wrinkle skin of palm
|
|
2
|
1
|
| abductor digiti minimi (hand)
|
Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, hypothenar
|
pisiform
|
base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit on ulnar or medial side
|
ulnar artery
|
deep branch of ulnar nerve
|
abducts little finger
|
|
2
|
1
|
| flexor digiti minimi (hand)
|
Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, hypothenar
|
hamate bone
|
little finger
|
ulnar artery
|
deep branch of ulnar nerve
|
flexes little finger
|
extensor digiti minimi
|
2
|
1
|
| opponens digiti minimi (hand)
|
Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, hypothenar
|
hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
|
medial border of 5th metacarpal
|
ulnar artery
|
deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)
|
draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb
|
|
2
|
1
|
| lumbricals of the hand 1-4
|
Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate
|
flexor digitorum profundus
|
extensor expansion
|
superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital artery
|
deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve
|
flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
|
|
8
|
1
|
| dorsal interossei (hand) 1-4
|
Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate
|
metacarpals
|
proximal phalanges
|
dorsal metacarpal artery, palmar metacarpal artery
|
deep branch of ulnar nerve
|
abduct fingers
|
palmar interossei
|
8
|
1
|
| palmar interossei 1-3
|
Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate
|
metacarpals
|
proximal phalanges
|
palmar metacarpal artery
|
deep branch of ulnar nerve
|
adduct fingers
|
dorsal interossei
|
6
|
1
|
| pollical palmar interosseus
|
Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate
|
metacarpals
|
proximal phalanges
|
palmar metacarpal artery
|
deep branch of ulnar nerve
|
adduct fingers
|
dorsal interossei
|
1.6
|
1
|
| psoas major
|
Lower Limb, Iliac region, iliopsoas
|
transverse processes, bodies and intervertebral discs of T12-L5 vertebrae
|
lesser trochanter of femur
|
iliolumbar artery
|
lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1, L2, L3
|
flexes and rotates laterally thigh
|
gluteus maximus
|
2
|
1
|
| psoas minor
|
Lower Limb, Iliac region, iliopsoas
|
side of T11+L1 and IV intervertebral disc
|
Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence
|
iliolumbar artery, lumbar arteries
|
L1
|
weakly flexes trunk flexor
|
gluteus maximus
|
0.8
|
1
|
| iliacus
|
Lower Limb, Iliac region, iliopsoas
|
iliac fossa
|
lesser trochanter of femur
|
medial femoral circumflex artery, Iliolumbar artery
|
femoral nerve (L2, L3)
|
flexes hip
|
gluteus maximus
|
2
|
1
|
| tensor fasciae latae
|
Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right
|
iliac crest
|
iliotibial tract
|
primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery, superior gluteal artery
|
superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5)
|
flexes thigh, medially rotates thigh, stabilises torso
|
|
2
|
1
|
| gluteus maximus
|
Lower limb, gluteal, Left/right
|
gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
|
gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract
|
superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery
|
inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2 nerve roots)
|
externally rotates and extends hip joint, supports extended knee through iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting
|
Iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor
|
2
|
1
|
| gluteus medius
|
Lower limb, gluteal, Left/right
|
gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus
|
greater trochanter of femur
|
superior gluteal artery
|
superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)
|
abduction of hip; preventing adduction of hip Medial rotation of thigh
|
lateral rotator group
|
2
|
1
|
| gluteus minimus
|
Lower limb, gluteal, Left/right
|
gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius
|
greater trochanter of femur
|
superior gluteal artery
|
superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)
|
abduction of hip; preventing adduction of hip Medial rotation of thigh
|
lateral rotator group
|
2
|
1
|
| piriformis
|
Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right
|
sacrum
|
greater trochanter
|
inferior gluteal artery, lateral sacral artery, superior gluteal artery
|
piriformis nerve (S1 and S2 nerve roots)
|
laterally rotates (outward) thigh
|
|
2
|
1
|
| obturator externus
|
Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right
|
obturator foramen and obturatory membrane
|
medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
|
obturator artery
|
posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3, L4)
|
adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh
|
|
2
|
1
|
| superior gemellus
|
Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right
|
ischial spine
|
|
|
nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)
|
|
|
2
|
1
|
| obturator internus
|
Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right
|
ischiopubic ramus, obturator membrane
|
medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
|
|
nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)
|
abducts & rotates laterally thigh, stabilises hip during walking
|
|
2
|
1
|
| inferior gemellus
|
Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right
|
ischial tuberosity
|
obturator internus tendon
|
|
nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)
|
laterally rotates thigh
|
|
2
|
1
|
| quadratus femoris
|
Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right
|
ischial tuberosity
|
intertrochanteric crest
|
inferior gluteal artery
|
nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)
|
|
|
2
|
1
|
| articularis genus
|
Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment
|
femur
|
suprapatellar bursa
|
femoral artery
|
femoral nerve
|
pulls suprapatellar bursa during extension of knee
|
|
2
|
1
|
| sartorius
|
Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment
|
superior to anterior superior iliac spine
|
medial side of upper tibia in pes anserinus
|
femoral artery
|
femoral nerve
|
flexes, laterally rotates, and abducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
|
|
2
|
1
|
| rectus femoris
|
Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment
|
anterior inferior iliac spine and exterior surface of bony ridge which forms iliac portion of acetabulum
|
patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
|
femoral artery
|
femoral nerve
|
knee extension; hip flexion
|
hamstring
|
2
|
1
|
| vastus lateralis
|
Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment
|
greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and linea aspera of femur
|
patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
|
femoral artery
|
femoral nerve
|
extends knee
|
hamstring
|
2
|
1
|
| vastus intermedius
|
Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment
|
anterior surface of femur
|
patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
|
femoral artery
|
femoral nerve
|
extends knee
|
hamstring
|
2
|
1
|
| vastus medialis
|
Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment
|
anteromedial surface of femur
|
patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
|
femoral artery
|
femoral nerve
|
extends knee
|
hamstring
|
2
|
1
|
| biceps femoris
|
Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring
|
ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera of femur (short head)
|
head of fibula articulating with back of lateral tibial condyle
|
inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery
|
medial (tibial) part of sciatic nerve (long head), lateral (common fibular) part of sciatic nerve (short head)
|
flexes knee joint, laterally rotates leg at knee (when knee is flexed), extends hip joint (long head only)
|
quadriceps femoris
|
2
|
1
|
| semitendinosus
|
Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring
|
ischial tuberosity
|
pes anserinus
|
inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries
|
sciatic nerve (tibial, L5, S1, S2)
|
flexes knee, extends hip, medially rotates leg at knee
|
quadriceps femoris
|
2
|
1
|
| semimembranosus
|
Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring
|
ischial tuberosity
|
medial surface of tibia
|
profunda femoris, gluteal artery
|
sciatic nerve
|
flexes knee, extends hip, medially rotates leg at knee
|
quadriceps femoris
|
2
|
1
|
| gracilis
|
Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)
|
inferior pubic ramus
|
tibia (pes anserinus)
|
obturator artery
|
anterior branch of obturator nerve
|
adducts hip, flexes hip, medially rotates knee
|
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
|
2
|
1
|
| pectineus
|
Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)
|
superior pubic ramus
|
lesser trochanter, linea aspera
|
obturator artery
|
femoral nerve and obturator nerve (medial compartment)
|
adducts and flexes hip
|
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
|
2
|
1
|
| adductor brevis
|
Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)
|
anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus
|
lesser trochanter and linea aspera of femur
|
obturator artery
|
anterior branch of obturator nerve
|
adducts hip
|
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
|
2
|
1
|
| adductor longus
|
Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)
|
pubic body just below pubic crest
|
middle third of linea aspera
|
obturator artery
|
anterior branch of obturator nerve
|
adducts and medially rotates hip
|
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
|
2
|
1
|
| adductor magnus, adductor part
|
Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)
|
pubis
|
femur, adductor tubercle of femur
|
obturator artery
|
posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (vertical head)
|
adducts hip
|
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
|
2
|
3
|
| adductor minimus
|
Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles), part of adductor magnus
|
Inferior ramus
|
Linea aspera of the femur
|
Obturator artery and the medial circumflex femoral artery of the femoral artery.
|
Obturator and tibial nerves
|
Adduction and lateral rotation of thigh
|
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
|
2
|
3
|
| adductor magnus, ischiocondylar part
|
Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)
|
pubis
|
femur, adductor tubercle of femur
|
obturator artery
|
posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (vertical head)
|
adducts hip
|
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
|
2
|
3
|
| tibialis anterior
|
Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment
|
body of tibia
|
medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of foot
|
anterior tibial artery
|
deep fibular nerve
|
dorsiflexes and inverts foot
|
fibularis longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor hallucis longus
|
Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment
|
middle portion of anterior surface of fibula, anterior surface of interosseous membrane
|
dorsal side of base of distal phalanx of hallux
|
anterior tibial artery
|
deep fibular nerve
|
extends big toe, assists in dorsiflexion of foot at ankle, weakly inverts foot
|
flexor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis brevis
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor digitorum longus
|
Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment
|
lateral condyle of tibia, superior ¾ of interosseous membrane
|
middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
|
anterior tibial artery
|
deep fibular nerve
|
extension of toes and ankle
|
flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis
|
2
|
1
|
| fibularis tertius
|
Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment
|
distal anterior surface of fibula
|
dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal
|
anterior tibial artery
|
deep fibular nerve
|
dorsi flexes and everts foot
|
|
2
|
1
|
| gastrocnemius
|
Lower Limb, Leg, Calf
|
medial condyle and lateral condyle of femur
|
calcaneus
|
sural arteries
|
tibial nerve from sciatic nerve, specifically, nerve roots S1, S2
|
plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee (minor)
|
tibialis anterior
|
2
|
1
|
| soleus
|
Lower Limb, Leg, Calf
|
fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line)
|
tendo calcaneus
|
sural arteries
|
tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2
|
plantarflexes ankle
|
tibialis anterior
|
2
|
1
|
| plantaris
|
Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Superficial
|
lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius
|
calcaneal tendon (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon)
|
sural arteries
|
tibial nerve
|
plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee
|
tibialis anterior
|
2
|
1
|
| popliteus
|
Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep
|
middle facet of lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
|
posterior tibia under tibial condyles
|
popliteal artery
|
tibial nerve
|
medially rotates and flexes knee
|
|
2
|
1
|
| flexor hallucis longus
|
Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, tarsal tunnel
|
posterior surface of upper 1/3 of fibula
|
base of distal phalanx of hallux
|
fibular artery (peroneal branch of posterior tibial artery
|
tibial nerve, S1, S2 nerve roots
|
flexes all joints of big toe, plantarflexes ankle
|
extensor hallucis longus
|
2
|
1
|
| flexor digitorum longus
|
Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, tarsal tunnel
|
medial tibia
|
distal phalanges of lateral four digits
|
posterior tibial artery
|
tibial nerve
|
flexes toes
|
extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis
|
2
|
1
|
| tibialis posterior
|
Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, tarsal tunnel
|
tibia, fibula
|
navicular, medial cuneiform
|
posterior tibial artery
|
tibial nerve
|
inverts foot, plantarflexes foot at ankle
|
tibialis anterior
|
2
|
1
|
| fibularis longus
|
Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment
|
fibula
|
first metatarsal, medial cuneiform
|
fibular artery
|
superficial fibular nerve
|
plantarflexes and everts ankle
|
tibialis anterior
|
2
|
1
|
| fibularis brevis
|
Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment
|
fibula
|
fifth metatarsal
|
fibular artery
|
superficial fibular nerve
|
plantarflexes and everts ankle
|
tibialis posterior
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor digitorum brevis
|
Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right
|
calcaneus
|
toes
|
|
deep fibular nerve
|
extends digits 2, 3, and 4
|
flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis
|
2
|
1
|
| extensor hallucis brevis
|
Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right
|
calcaneus
|
base of proximal phalanx of big toe
|
|
deep fibular nerve
|
extends big toe
|
flexor hallucis brevis
|
2
|
1
|
| dorsal interossei (foot) 1-4
|
Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal / Fourth layer, left/right
|
metatarsals
|
proximal phalanges
|
|
lateral plantar nerve(fourth interosseous space: superficial branch others: deep branch), first and second interossei: lateral branch of deep fibular nerve
|
abducts toes
|
plantar interossei
|
8
|
1
|
| abductor hallucis
|
Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right
|
medial process of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
|
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit
|
|
medial plantar nerve
|
abducts hallux
|
adductor hallucis
|
2
|
1
|
| flexor digitorum brevis
|
Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right
|
medial process of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa
|
middle phalanges of digits 2–5
|
|
medial plantar nerve
|
flexes lateral four toes
|
extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis
|
2
|
1
|
| abductor digiti minimi (foot)
|
Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right
|
plantar aponeurosis
|
phalanges of fifth toe
|
lateral plantar artery
|
lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2)
|
flexes and abducts fifth toe
|
flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)
|
2
|
1
|
| Abductor of fifth metatarsal abductor ossis metatarsi quinti (foot)
|
Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right
|
calcaneus
|
fifth toe
|
lateral plantar artery
|
lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2)
|
abducts fifth toe
|
flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)
|
0
|
1
|
| quadratus plantae
|
Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right
|
calcaneus
|
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
|
|
lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2)
|
flexes distal interphalangeal joints (assists flexor digitorum longus)
|
|
2
|
1
|
| lumbricals of the foot 1-4
|
Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right
|
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
|
medial surface of extensor expansion of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes
|
lateral plantar artery, plantar arch, four plantar metatarsal arteries
|
lateral plantar nerve (lateral three lumbricals) and medial plantar nerve (first lumbrical)
|
maintain extension of digits at interphalangeal joints
|
|
8
|
1
|
| flexor hallucis brevis
|
Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right
|
plantar surface of cuneiforms, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament, long plantar ligament
|
medial head: medial sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe
lateral head: lateral sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe
|
|
medial plantar nerve
|
flexes big toe
|
extensor hallucis longus
|
2
|
1
|
| adductor hallucis
|
Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right
|
oblique head: proximal ends of middle 3 metatarsals
transverse head: metatarsophalangeal joints, ligaments of lateral 3 toes
|
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe, sesamoid
|
|
lateral plantar nerve
|
adducts big toe
|
abductor hallucis
|
2
|
1
|
| flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)
|
Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right
|
fifth metatarsal bone
|
phalanx of fifth toe
|
|
lateral plantar nerve (superficial branch)
|
extends and adducts fifth toe
|
abductor digiti minimi
|
2
|
1
|
| opponens digiti minimi muscle of foot (opponens digiti quinti)
|
Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right
|
?
|
middle phalanges of digit 5
|
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
0
|
1
|
| plantar interossei 1-3
|
Lower limb, plantar, Fourth layer, left/right
|
tendons of plantar Interossei
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proximal phalanges III-V - muscles cross the metatarsophalangeal joint of toes III-V so the insertions correspond with the origin and there is no crossing between toes
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plantar arch, dorsal metatarsal artery
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lateral plantar nerve
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adducts toes 3 - 5, strengthens transverse arch
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dorsal interossei
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6
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1
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Anterior view
Posterior view
A more detailed overview
Mind map showing a summary of upper limb muscle innervation
Mind map showing a summary of lower limb muscle innervation
