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Leukotriene E4

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Leukotriene E4
Names
Systematic IUPAC name (5S,6R,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-6-({(2R)-2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl}sulfanyl)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations LTE4
ChEBI
ChemSpider
KEGG
MeSH Leukotriene+E4
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C23H37NO5S/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-16-21(30-18-19(24)23(28)29)20(25)15-14-17-22(26)27/h6-7,9-13,16,19-21,25H,2-5,8,14-15,17-18,24H2,1H3,(H,26,27)(H,28,29)/b7-6-,10-9-,12-11+,16-13+/t19?,20-,21+/m0/s1Key: OTZRAYGBFWZKMX-MPWKMEBCSA-N
SMILES
  • CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C=C\C=C\((CCCC(=O)O)O)SCC(C(=O)O)N
Properties
Chemical formula C23H37NO5S
Molar mass 439.61 g·mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Infobox references
Chemical compound

Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) is a cysteinyl leukotriene involved in inflammation. It is known to be produced by several types of white blood cells, including eosinophils, mast cells, tissue macrophages, and basophils, and recently was also found to be produced by platelets adhering to neutrophils. It is formed from the sequential conversion of LTC4 to LTD4 and then to LTE4, which is the final and most stable cysteinyl leukotriene. Compared to the short half lives of LTC4 and LTD4, LTE4 is relatively stable and accumulates in breath condensation, in plasma, and in urine, making it the dominant cysteinyl leukotriene detected in biologic fluids. Therefore, measurements of LTE4, especially in the urine, are commonly monitored in clinical research studies.

Increased production and excretion of LTE4 has been linked to several respiratory diseases, and urinary LTE4 levels are increased during severe asthma attacks and are especially high in people with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Studies have suggested that LTE4 works through its own distinct receptor, and although one has not yet been discovered, research is ongoing to isolate and characterize an LTE4-specific receptor.

Eicosanoid synthesis (leukotrienes at right)

References

  1. Laidlaw TM, Kidder MS, Bhattacharyya N, Xing W, Shen S, Milne GL, Castells MC, Chhay H, Boyce JA (2012). "Cysteinyl leukotriene overproduction in aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease is driven by platelet-adherent leukocytes". Blood. 119 (16): 3790–3798. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-10-384826. PMC 3335383. PMID 22262771.
  2. Lee CW, Lewis RA, Corey EJ, Austen KF (1983). "Conversion of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4 by a dipeptidase released from the specific granule of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes". Immunology. 48 (1): 27–35. PMC 1453997. PMID 6293969.
  3. Sala A, Voelkel N, Maclouf J, Murphy RC (1990). "Leukotriene E4 elimination and metabolism in normal human subjects". J Biol Chem. 265 (35): 21771–21778. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)45807-3. hdl:2434/180227. PMID 2174886.
  4. Lee TH, Christie PE (1993). "Leukotrienes and aspirin induced asthma". Thorax. 48 (12): 1189–1190. doi:10.1136/thx.48.12.1189. PMC 464963. PMID 8303620.
  5. Maekawa A, Kanaoka Y, Xing W; Kanaoka; Xing; Austen (2008). "Functional recognition of a distinct receptor preferential for leukotriene E4 in mice lacking the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 and 2 receptors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 105 (43): 16695–16700. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10516695M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808993105. PMC 2575482. PMID 18931305.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. Paruchuri, S; Tashimo, H; Feng, C; Maekawa, A; Xing, W; Jiang, Y; Kanaoka, Y; Conley, P; Boyce, JA (2009). "Leukotriene E4-induced pulmonary inflammation is mediated by the P2Y12 receptor". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 206 (11): 2543–55. doi:10.1084/jem.20091240. PMC 2768854. PMID 19822647.
Eicosanoids
Precursor
Prostanoids
Prostaglandins (PG)
Precursor
Active
D/J
E/F
I
Thromboxanes (TX)
Leukotrienes (LT)
Precursor
Initial
SRS-A
Eoxins (EX)
Precursor
Eoxins
Nonclassic
By function
Leukotriene signaling modulators
Receptor
(ligands)
BLTTooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor
BLT1Tooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor 1
BLT2Tooltip Leukotriene B4 receptor 2
CysLTTooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor
CysLT1Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1
CysLT2Tooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2
CysLTETooltip Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor E
Enzyme
(inhibitors)
5-LOXTooltip Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
12-LOXTooltip Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase
15-LOXTooltip Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase
LTA4HTooltip Leukotriene A4 hydrolase
LTB4HTooltip Leukotriene B4 ω-hydroxylase
LTC4STooltip Leukotriene C4 synthase
LTC4HTooltip Leukotriene C4 hydrolase
LTD4Tooltip Leukotriene D4 hydrolase
Others
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
Prostanoid signaling modulators
Categories: