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{{Indian cuisine}} |
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{{Indian cuisine}} |
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{{Pakistani cuisine}} |
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{{Pakistani cuisine}} |
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'''Sindhi cuisine''' (]: سنڌي کاڌا) refers to the distinct native cuisine of the ] from ], ]. Sindhi cuisine has been influenced by Central Asian, Iranian, Mughal food traditions.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Reejhsinghani|first=Aroona|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ym9IWIZELc8C&q=sindhi+cuisine&pg=PA27|title=Essential Sindhi Cookbook|date=2004|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-303201-4|language=en}}</ref> It is mostly a non-vegetarian cuisine,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Reejhsinghani|first=Aroona|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ym9IWIZELc8C&q=sindhi+cuisine&pg=PA27|title=Essential Sindhi Cookbook|date=2004|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-303201-4|language=en}}</ref> with even Sindhi Hindus widely accepting of meat consumption.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kent|first1=Eliza F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYOiAgAAQBAJ&q=sindhi+hindu+meat+eating&pg=PA164|title=Lines in Water: Religious Boundaries in South Asia|last2=Kassam|first2=Tazim R.|date=2013-07-12|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-5225-0|language=en}}</ref> The daily food in most ]i households consists of ]-based flat-bread (]) or rice accompanied by two dishes, one ] and one dry with curd, papad or pickle. Freshwater fish and a wide variety of vegetables are usually used in Sindhi cuisine.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Reejhsinghani|first=Aroona|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DfkUBrC7dWQC&q=sindhi+cuisine+tomato&pg=PT32|title=The Essential Sindhi Cookbook|date=2004-08-04|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5118-094-4|language=en}}</ref> Restaurants specializing in Sindhi cuisine are rare, although it is found at truck stops in rural areas of Sindh province, and in a few restaurants in urban Sindh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Jillani|first=Maryam|date=2019-04-02|title=Sindhi food: A vibrant cuisine hidden from the Pakistani and Indian public|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1473441|access-date=2021-07-20|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> |
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'''Sindhi cuisine''' (]: سنڌي کاڌا) refers to the distinct native ] of the ] from ], ]. Sindhi cuisine has been influenced by Central Asian, Iranian, Mughal food traditions.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Reejhsinghani|first=Aroona|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ym9IWIZELc8C&q=sindhi+cuisine&pg=PA27|title=Essential Sindhi Cookbook|date=2004|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-303201-4|language=en}}</ref> It is mostly a non-vegetarian cuisine,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Reejhsinghani|first=Aroona|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ym9IWIZELc8C&q=sindhi+cuisine&pg=PA27|title=Essential Sindhi Cookbook|date=2004|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-303201-4|language=en}}</ref> with even Sindhi Hindus widely accepting of meat consumption.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kent|first1=Eliza F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYOiAgAAQBAJ&q=sindhi+hindu+meat+eating&pg=PA164|title=Lines in Water: Religious Boundaries in South Asia|last2=Kassam|first2=Tazim R.|date=2013-07-12|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-5225-0|language=en}}</ref> The daily food in most ]i households consists of ]-based flat-bread (]) or rice accompanied by two dishes, one ] and one dry with curd, papad or pickle. Freshwater fish and a wide variety of vegetables are usually used in Sindhi cuisine.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Reejhsinghani|first=Aroona|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DfkUBrC7dWQC&q=sindhi+cuisine+tomato&pg=PT32|title=The Essential Sindhi Cookbook|date=2004-08-04|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5118-094-4|language=en}}</ref> Restaurants specializing in Sindhi cuisine are rare, although it is found at truck stops in rural areas of Sindh province, and in a few restaurants in urban Sindh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Jillani|first=Maryam|date=2019-04-02|title=Sindhi food: A vibrant cuisine hidden from the Pakistani and Indian public|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1473441|access-date=2021-07-20|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> |
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== Historical influences == |
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== Historical influences == |
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The arrival of ] within the ] influenced the local cuisine to a great degree. As ]s are forbidden to eat pork or consume alcohol and the ] dietary guidelines are strictly observed, Muslim ] focus on ingredients such as ], ], ], ], ] and traditional ] and ]. Hindu Sindhi cuisine is almost identical with the difference that beef is omitted. The influence of ]n, ]n and ]ern cuisine in Sindhi food is ubiquitous. Sindhi cuisine was also found in ], where many ] migrated following the ] in 1947. Before Independence, the State of Sindh was under ]. |
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The arrival of ] within the ] influenced the local cuisine to a great degree. As ]s are forbidden to eat pork or consume alcohol and the ] dietary guidelines are strictly observed, Muslim ] focus on ingredients such as ], ], ], ], ] and traditional ] and ]. Hindu Sindhi cuisine is almost identical with the difference that beef is omitted. The influence of ]n, ]n and ]ern cuisine in Sindhi food is ubiquitous. Sindhi cuisine was also found in ], where many ] migrated following the ] in 1947. Before Independence, the State of Sindh was under ]. |
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]" is a famous curry]] |
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]" is a famous curry]] |
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* '''Sai Bhaji ain Chawar:''' ] a popular dish from Sindh consists of white steamed rice served with spinach curry which is given a 'tarka' with tomatoes, onions and garlic. |
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* '''Sai Bhaji ain Chawar:''' ] a popular dish from Sindh consists of white steamed rice served with spinach curry which is given a 'tarka' with tomatoes, onions and garlic. |
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* '''Daal Pakwan:''' (mostly consumed by Sindhi hindus). |
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* '''Daal Pakwan:''' (mostly consumed by Sindhi Hindus). |
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*'''Koki:''' is another popular Sindhi flat-bread that is prepared with wheat flour and goes well with any dal, sabzi or even curd or chai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sindhirasoi.com/2008/05/sindhi-koki/|title = Koki|date = 31 May 2008}}</ref> |
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*'''Koki:''' is another popular Sindhi flat-bread that is prepared with wheat flour and goes well with any dal, sabzi or even curd or chai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sindhirasoi.com/2008/05/sindhi-koki/|title = Koki|date = 31 May 2008}}</ref> |
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* '''Sayun (Vermicelli):''' typically served as a sweetened (sometimes milk-based) dessert, is popular: Muslim Sindhis serve it on ] and ]. On special religious occasions, mitho lolo, accompanied with milk, is given to the poor. |
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* '''Sayun (Vermicelli):''' typically served as a sweetened (sometimes milk-based) dessert, is popular: Hindu Sindhis serve it on many special occasions such as ] and ]. Muslim Sindhis serve it on ] and ]. On special religious occasions, mitho lolo, accompanied with milk, is given to the poor. |
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* '''Sindhi Kadi:''' is a unique and special dish prepared on festive occasions specially by Sindhis residing in India. It consists of a thick spicy gravy made from chick pea flour unlike buttermilk usually used for kadi preparation along with seasonal vegetables. It is served hot with rice. |
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* '''Sindhi ]:''' is a unique and special dish prepared on festive occasions specially by Sindhis residing in India. It consists of a thick spicy gravy made from chick pea flour unlike buttermilk usually used for kadi preparation along with seasonal vegetables. It is served hot with rice. |
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* '''Mitho Lolo:''' is also served with chilled buttermilk called Matho on various occasions. |
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* '''Mitho Lolo:''' is also served with chilled buttermilk called Matho on various occasions. |
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* '''Kheer Kharkoon:''' A special sweet dish called 'Kheer Kharkun' are prepared and served on ], it is prepared by mixing dates and milk, and slowly simmering the mixture for few hours. The dish is eaten hot in winters and cold in summers. |
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* '''Kheer Kharkoon:''' A special sweet dish called 'Kheer Kharkun' are prepared and served on ], it is prepared by mixing dates and milk, and slowly simmering the mixture for few hours. The dish is eaten hot in winters and cold in summers. |
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== Main dishes == |
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== Main dishes == |
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* '''Sindhi Biryani''': is a special meat and rice biryani, the most popular dish in Sindh and Pakistan.] |
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* ''']''': is a special meat and rice biryani, the most popular dish in Sindh and Pakistan.] |
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* '''Sindhi Cuisine''' : A collage of Sindhi food from various areas of Sindh & by different native communities of Sindh.] |
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* ''']''': It is Sindhi style ], it made in mutton, beef, chicken or only in potatoes or chana/chhola, it is less heavy with ] than Sindhi Biryani. |
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* '''Taryal Patata:''' also called Took Aloo, a staple of Sindhi diet, is a form of thinly sliced, pan fried or deep fried potatoes with local spices. They are consumed in most rural households typically at dinner but can be consumed even for breakfast and lunch alongside other meals. One popular Sindhi way of having "patatas" is to eat it with plain white rice with daal to accompany it. |
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* '''Taryal Patata:''' also called Took Aloo, a staple of Sindhi diet, is a form of thinly sliced, pan fried or deep fried potatoes with local spices. They are consumed in most rural households typically at dinner but can be consumed even for breakfast and lunch alongside other meals. One popular Sindhi way of having "patatas" is to eat it with plain white rice with daal to accompany it. |
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*'''Pallo Machi:''' is a popular Sindhi delicacy, is ] fish prepared with numerous cooking methods. It can be deep fried and garnished with local spices, can be cooked with onions and potatoes into a traditional fish meal or barbequed. The fish often has roe, which is called "aani" in Sindhi and is enjoyed as a delicacy. Often fried alongside the palla and served with the fish fillets.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=M. Hussain |date=2015-09-03 |title=The palla, the shrine, the catch and the cook |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1204243 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> |
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*'''Pallo Machi:''' is a popular Sindhi delicacy, is ] fish prepared with numerous cooking methods. It can be deep fried and garnished with local spices, can be cooked with onions and potatoes into a traditional fish meal or barbequed. The fish often has roe, which is called "aani" in Sindhi and is enjoyed as a delicacy. Often fried alongside the palla and served with the fish fillets.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=M. Hussain |date=2015-09-03 |title=The palla, the shrine, the catch and the cook |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1204243 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> |
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* '''Sindhi Curry:''' |
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* '''Sindhi Curry:''' |
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* '''Sabu Dal Chawar:''' (yellow daal with rice). |
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* '''Sabu Dal Chawar:''' (yellow daal with rice). |
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* ]: Vegetarian curry which is mostly |
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* made with dal (lentil) and Spi.ach |
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== Meat == |
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== Meat == |
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most of Sindhis are Muslims, they consume different animals, birds and fish meat which are Halal. Common meat like chicken, beef, mutton is quite famous among Sindhis, in addition camel, rabbit, many birds like Aari (]), Kunj (]), Titar (]), Jhirkri (Sparrow) meat is also consumed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=WNN |date=2020-02-21 |title=Common Coot: A disappearing migratory bird in Sindh |url=https://worldnaturenews.com/2020/02/21/common-coot-a-disappearing-migratory-bird-in-sindh/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=World Nature News |language=en-US}}</ref> many seafood like fishes, prawns etc are also eaten. The fish Sajji of ] is quite famous in all over Pakistan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Small-town Pakistani chef known for innovative fish recipe eyes Middle East |url=https://arab.news/grndw |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Arab News PK |language=en}}</ref> |
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most of Pakistani Sindhis are Muslims, they consume different animals, birds and fish meat which are ]. Common meat like chicken, beef, mutton is quite famous among Pakistani muslim Sindhis, in addition camel, rabbit, many birds like Aari (]), Kunj (]), Titar (]), Jhirkri (Sparrow), Duck meat is also consumed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=WNN |date=2020-02-21 |title=Common Coot: A disappearing migratory bird in Sindh |url=https://worldnaturenews.com/2020/02/21/common-coot-a-disappearing-migratory-bird-in-sindh/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=World Nature News |language=en-US}}</ref> many seafood like fishes, prawns etc are also eaten. The fish Sajji of ] is quite famous in all over Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Small-town Pakistani chef known for innovative fish recipe eyes Middle East |url=https://arab.news/grndw |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Arab News PK |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Drinks== |
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==Drinks== |
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* '''Lai''': same as like borindas but flat and Lais are made of different dry fruits, sesame seeds etc. |
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* '''Lai''': same as like borindas but flat and Lais are made of different dry fruits, sesame seeds etc. |
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* '''Kutti:''' Mashed Ofrato (Paratha Bread) with sugar, butter and crushed dry fruits.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keswani |first=Alka |date=2008-03-16 |title=Bhori(Kuttti) |url=https://sindhirasoi.com/2008/03/borikuttti/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Sindhi Rasoi {{!}}Sindhi Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jillani |first=Maryam |date=2019-04-02 |title=Sindhi food: A vibrant cuisine hidden from the Pakistani and Indian public |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1473441 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> |
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* '''Kutti:''' Mashed Ofrato (Paratha Bread) with sugar, butter and crushed dry fruits.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keswani |first=Alka |date=2008-03-16 |title=Bhori(Kuttti) |url=https://sindhirasoi.com/2008/03/borikuttti/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Sindhi Rasoi {{!}}Sindhi Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jillani |first=Maryam |date=2019-04-02 |title=Sindhi food: A vibrant cuisine hidden from the Pakistani and Indian public |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1473441 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> |
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* '''Lolo or Mitho Lolo:''' Sweeter version of koki - also made if you get chicken pox. |
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* '''Lolo or Mitho Lolo:''' Sweeter version of koki - also made if you get chicken pox.] |
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* '''Chulho''': is a sweet bread of rice flour or wheat flour with sugar sprinkled on top, with desi ghee or makhan. |
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* '''Chulho''': is a sweet bread of rice flour or wheat flour with sugar sprinkled on top, with desi ghee or makhan. |
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* '''Gheeyar''': a ] like Sindhi sweet but large in size, eaten on festivals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keswani |first=Alka |date=2014-04-06 |title=Gheeyar Sindhi Jalebi |url=https://sindhirasoi.com/2014/04/gheearsindhi-jalebi-video-recipe/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Sindhi Rasoi {{!}}Sindhi Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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* '''Gheeyar''': a ] like Sindhi sweet but large in size, eaten on festivals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keswani |first=Alka |date=2014-04-06 |title=Gheeyar Sindhi Jalebi |url=https://sindhirasoi.com/2014/04/gheearsindhi-jalebi-video-recipe/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Sindhi Rasoi {{!}}Sindhi Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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* '''Ghotki ja Pera:''' are usually cone shaped sweetmeat made in ] city. |
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Other Sindhi desserts and sweets like Sero, Paihu, ], Atay ju Saiyun, Bondi Singhar, Daro, Kariyio tikio etc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keswani |first=Alka |title=Dessert Archives |url=https://sindhirasoi.com/?course=dessert |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Sindhi Rasoi {{!}}Sindhi Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naqsh e Zehra |title=Sindhi sweets |url=https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/sweet-delicacies-of-sindh/MjE5Mw== |website=Youlin Mazgine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2016 |title=Sindhi Desserts |url=https://ribbonstopastas.com/a-to-z-26-traditional-sindhi-sweets/ |website=Ribbons to Pastas}}</ref> |
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Other Sindhi desserts and sweets like Sero, Paihu, ], Atay ju Saiyun, Bondi Singhar, Daro, Kariyio tikio etc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keswani |first=Alka |title=Dessert Archives |url=https://sindhirasoi.com/?course=dessert |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Sindhi Rasoi {{!}}Sindhi Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naqsh e Zehra |title=Sindhi sweets |url=https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/sweet-delicacies-of-sindh/MjE5Mw== |website=Youlin Mazgine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2016 |title=Sindhi Desserts |url=https://ribbonstopastas.com/a-to-z-26-traditional-sindhi-sweets/ |website=Ribbons to Pastas}}</ref> |
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== Snacks == |
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* '''Pappad''': the favorite snack of Sindhis pappad is a thin flat bread like snack, made of ], ] with pepper, jeera, eaten with meal, or at evening with tea.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> |
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* '''Khicha:''' is like pappad but made with rice flour and is less spicy, eaten with ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mulchandani |first=Anil |date=2017-09-09 |title=Flavours from a Sindhi kitchen |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/food/2017/Sep/09/flavours-from-a-sindhi-kitchen-1653841.html |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> |
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* ''']:''' are ], can be made with sliced potatoes called Patatai or with onions, pea and green chili pakoras called Sanna/Sanai pakora, Green chili pakoras called Mirchai pakora, chicken pakora, beef pakoras, Bheeh (lotus root) pakoras etc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keswani |first=Alka |date=2008-05-03 |title=Sanna pakora |url=https://sindhirasoi.com/2008/05/sanna-pakora/ |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=Sindhi Rasoi {{!}}Sindhi Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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* '''Buri/Boorani''': is unique snack of yellow powder or pollen of flower that grows in lakes and ponds.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keswani |first=Alka |date=2017-05-21 |title=Bhuri~Bhurrani Mitti |url=https://sindhirasoi.com/2017/05/bhuribhurrani-mitti/ |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=Sindhi Rasoi {{!}}Sindhi Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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* '''Pabura/Pabur''': the seeds of Lotus flower.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherrif |first=Ahmed |date=2018-08-09 |title=Makhana, Nadru & More: Why India’s National Flower Is Great For Your Health! |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/155415/lotus-indian-food-makhana-nadru-health-news/ |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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* '''Phariyun''': is a winter snack, a green pods boiled in water and sprinkled with ambchoor, black salt and red chili powder.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keswani |first=Alka |date=2022-02-01 |title=Dadhri{{!}}Forgotten Sindhi Snack |url=https://sindhirasoi.com/2022/02/dadhri/ |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=Sindhi Rasoi {{!}}Sindhi Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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* '''Gajar:''' boiled sweet potatoes, sprinkled with salt, black, red chili powder and ambchoor. |
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* '''Baisan ju Tikyun:''' flatbread like snack made of Chickpea flour with coriander, onions, salt, pepper.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keswani |first=Alka |date=2009-04-13 |title=Sindhi style gattey ki subzi |url=https://sindhirasoi.com/2009/04/gatte-ki-curry/ |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=Sindhi Rasoi {{!}}Sindhi Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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==Translations== |
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==Translations== |
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== Sindhi Pickles == |
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== Sindhi Pickles == |
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Sindhi achar is made of different vegetables and fruits like: Carrot pickle, Mango pickle, Mix fruit pickle, turnip pickle, Green chilli pickle etc,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shyam |first=Radhika D. |date=2021-08-14 |title=Papads, pickles and Partition: A Sindhi reminiscence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/papads-pickles-and-partition-a-sindhi-reminiscence/article35891955.ece |access-date=2024-02-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ] is famous for Sindhi achar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=شکار پور کا اچار |url=https://jang.com.pk/news/652088 |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=jang.com.pk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-12 |title=Lok Mela: Day two showcases colours of Sindh |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/694879/lok-mela-day-two-showcases-colours-of-sindh |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> |
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Sindhi achar is made of different vegetables and fruits like: Carrot pickle, Mango pickle, Mix fruit pickle, turnip pickle, Green chilli pickle etc,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Shyam |first=Radhika D. |date=2021-08-14 |title=Papads, pickles and Partition: A Sindhi reminiscence |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/papads-pickles-and-partition-a-sindhi-reminiscence/article35891955.ece |access-date=2024-02-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ] is famous for Sindhi achar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=شکار پور کا اچار |url=https://jang.com.pk/news/652088 |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=jang.com.pk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-12 |title=Lok Mela: Day two showcases colours of Sindh |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/694879/lok-mela-day-two-showcases-colours-of-sindh |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Gallery == |
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== Gallery == |
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Certain dishes are served on special occasions such as Diwali. A Bahji (vegetable dish) called Chiti-Kuni is made with seven vegetables. Special dishes are also served on recovery from serious illness for example when someone makes a full recovery from Chicken Pox, it is common to make an offering and make "mitho lolo", a sweet griddle-roasted flatbread: the dough is wheat flour mixed with oil (or ghee) and sugar syrup flavored with ground cardamom.
most of Pakistani Sindhis are Muslims, they consume different animals, birds and fish meat which are Halal. Common meat like chicken, beef, mutton is quite famous among Pakistani muslim Sindhis, in addition camel, rabbit, many birds like Aari (Fulica atra), Kunj (Demoiselle crane), Titar (Grey francolin), Jhirkri (Sparrow), Duck meat is also consumed. many seafood like fishes, prawns etc are also eaten. The fish Sajji of Sanghar is quite famous in all over Pakistan.
There are occasional differences in Sindhi dialects for instance Hyderabadi Sindhi will refer to an egg as 'bedo' however Sindhis from other parts will refer to it as 'aano'.
Sindhi achar is made of different vegetables and fruits like: Carrot pickle, Mango pickle, Mix fruit pickle, turnip pickle, Green chilli pickle etc, Shikarpur is famous for Sindhi achar.
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Category
Pakistani cuisine by region
