Potassium thiocyanate: Difference between revisions

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	\| Odor = Odorless		\| Odor = Odorless
	\| Density = 1.886 g/cm<sup>3</sup>		\| Density = 1.886 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
	\| Solubility = 177 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 217 g/100 mL (20 °C)		\| Solubility = 177 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br/> 217 g/100 mL (20 °C)
	\| SolubleOther = ]: 21.0 g/100 mL <br> ]: soluble		\| SolubleOther = ]: 21.0 g/100 mL <br/> ]: soluble
	\| MeltingPtC = 173.2		\| MeltingPtC = 173.2
	\| BoilingPtC = 500		\| BoilingPtC = 500
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	==Use in chemical synthesis==		==Use in chemical synthesis==
	Aqueous KSCN reacts almost quantitatively with ] to give Pb(SCN)<sub>2</sub>, which has been used to convert ]s to isothiocyanates.<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = Smith, P. A. S.; Kan, R. O. \| title = 2a-Thiohomophthalimide \| year = 1973 \| collvol = 5 \| collvolpages = 1051 \| prep = cv5p1051}}</ref>		Aqueous KSCN reacts almost quantitatively with ] to give Pb(SCN)<sub>2</sub>, which has been used to convert ]s to isothiocyanates.<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = Smith, P. A. S. \| author2 = Kan, R. O. \| title = 2a-Thiohomophthalimide \| year = 1973 \| collvol = 5 \| collvolpages = 1051 \| prep = cv5p1051}}</ref>

	KSCN converts ] to ].<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = Searles, S.; Lutz, E. F.; Hays, H. R.; Mortensen, H. E. \| title = Ethylenesulfide \| year = 1973 \| collvol = 5 \| collvolpages = 562 \| prep = cv5p0562}}</ref> For this purpose, the KSCN is first melted under vacuum to remove water. In a related reaction, KSCN converts ] to the corresponding ].<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = van Tamelen, E. E. \| title = Cyclohexenesulfide \| year = 1963 \| collvol = 4 \| collvolpages = 232 \| prep = cv4p0232}}</ref>		KSCN converts ] to ].<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = Searles, S. \| author2 = Lutz, E. F. \| author3 = Hays, H. R. \| author4 = Mortensen, H. E. \| title = Ethylenesulfide \| year = 1973 \| collvol = 5 \| collvolpages = 562 \| prep = cv5p0562}}</ref> For this purpose, the KSCN is first melted under vacuum to remove water. In a related reaction, KSCN converts ] to the corresponding ].<ref>{{OrgSynth \| author = van Tamelen, E. E. \| title = Cyclohexenesulfide \| year = 1963 \| collvol = 4 \| collvolpages = 232 \| prep = cv4p0232}}</ref>

	:C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O + KSCN → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>S + ]		:C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O + KSCN → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>S + ]
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	==References==		==References==
	{{~~reflist~~}}		{{Reflist}}

	{{Potassium compounds}}		{{Potassium compounds}}
	{{sulfur compounds}}		{{sulfur compounds}}
⚫	{{DEFAULTSORT:Potassium Thiocyanate}}

		⚫	{{DEFAULTSORT:Potassium Thiocyanate}}
	]		]
	]		]

Revision as of 20:15, 5 December 2020

Potassium thiocyanate
Names


Other names Potassium sulfocyanate Potassium isothiocyanate Potassium thiocyanide Potassium rhodanide
Identifiers
CAS Number	333-20-0
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:30951
ChemSpider	9150
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.792
PubChem CID	516872
RTECS number	XL1925000
UNII	TM7213864A
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7029619
InChI InChI=1S/CHNS.K/c2-1-3;/h3H;/q;+1/p-1Key: ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M InChI=1/CHNS.K/c2-1-3;/h3H;/q;+1/p-1Key: ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-REWHXWOFAT
SMILES C(#N).
Properties
Chemical formula	KSCN
Molar mass	97.181 g mol
Appearance	Colorless deliquescent crystals
Odor	Odorless
Density	1.886 g/cm
Melting point	173.2 °C (343.8 °F; 446.3 K)
Boiling point	500 °C (932 °F; 773 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	177 g/100 mL (0 °C) 217 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility	acetone: 21.0 g/100 mL ethanol: soluble
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−48.0·10 cm/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD₅₀ (median dose)	854 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 1088
Related compounds
Other anions	Potassium cyanate Potassium cyanide
Other cations	Sodium thiocyanate Ammonium thiocyanate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). N verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Potassium thiocyanate is the chemical compound with the molecular formula KSCN. It is an important salt of the thiocyanate anion, one of the pseudohalides. The compound has a low melting point relative to most other inorganic salts.

Use in chemical synthesis

Aqueous KSCN reacts almost quantitatively with Pb(NO₃)₂ to give Pb(SCN)₂, which has been used to convert acyl chlorides to isothiocyanates.

KSCN converts ethylene carbonate to ethylenesulfide. For this purpose, the KSCN is first melted under vacuum to remove water. In a related reaction, KSCN converts cyclohexene oxide to the corresponding episulfide.

C₆H₁₀O + KSCN → C₆H₁₀S + KOCN

KSCN is also the starting product for the synthesis of carbonyl sulfide.

Other uses

Dilute aqueous KSCN is occasionally used for moderately realistic blood effects in film and theater. It can be painted onto a surface or kept as a colorless solution. When in contact with ferric chloride solution (or other solutions containing Fe), the product of the reaction is a solution with a blood red colour, due to the formation of the thiocyanatoiron complex ion. Thus this chemical is often used to create the effect of 'stigmata'. Because both solutions are colorless, they can be placed separately on each hand. When the hands are brought into contact, the solutions react and the effect looks remarkably like stigmata.

Similarly, this reaction is used as a test for Fe in the laboratory.

References

Chambers, Michael. "ChemIDplus - 333-20-0 - ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M - Potassium thiocyanate [NF] - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information". chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
Smith, P. A. S.; Kan, R. O. (1973). "2a-Thiohomophthalimide". Organic Syntheses; Collected Volumes, vol. 5, p. 1051.
Searles, S.; Lutz, E. F.; Hays, H. R.; Mortensen, H. E. (1973). "Ethylenesulfide". Organic Syntheses; Collected Volumes, vol. 5, p. 562.
van Tamelen, E. E. (1963). "Cyclohexenesulfide". Organic Syntheses; Collected Volumes, vol. 4, p. 232.

v t e Potassium compounds
H, (pseudo)halogens	KF KHF₂ KH KCl KClO KClO₃ KClO₄ KBr KBrO₃ KI KIO₃ KIO₄ KAt KCN KCNO KOCN KSCN
chalcogens	K₂O KOH K₂O₂ KO₂ KO₃ K₂S KHS K₂SO₃ KHSO₃ K₂SO₄ KHSO₄ KHSO₅ K₂S₂O₃ K₂S₂O₅ K₂S₂O₇ K₂S₂O₈ K₂Se K₂SeO₃ K₂SeO₄ K₂Te K₂TeO₃ K₂TeO₄ K₂Po
pnictogens	K₃N KNH₂ KN₃ KNO₂ KNO₃ K₃P KH₂PO₃ K₃PO₄ K₂HPO₄ KH₂PO₄ KPF₆ KAsO₂ K₃AsO₄ K₂HAsO₄ KH₂AsO₄
B, C group	B₄K₂O₇ K₂CO₃ KHCO₃ K₂SiO₃ K₂SiF₆ K₂Al₂O₄ K₂Al₂B₂O₇
transition metals	K₂PtCl₄ K₂Pt(CN)₄ K₂TiF₆ K₂PtCl₆ K₂ReCl₆ K ₂ReF ₆ KAsF₆ K₂ReBr₆ K ₂ReI ₆ K₂ZrF₆ K₄Fe(CN)₆ K₃Fe(CN)₆ K₃Fe(C₂O₄)₃ K₂FeO₄ K₂MnO₄ KMnO₄ K₃CrO₄ K₂CrO₄ K₃CrO₈ KCrO₃Cl K₂Cr₂O₇ K₂Cr₃O₁₀ K₂Cr₄O₁₃ K₄Mo₂Cl₈
organic	KHCO₂ KCH₃CO₂ KCF₃CO₂ K₂C₂O₄ KHC₂O₄ KC₁₂H₂₃O₂ KC₁₈H₃₅O₂ C₃H₂K₂O₄ C₄H₆KO₄ C₅H₇KO₄

Sulfur compounds

Sulfides and
disulfides

Sulfur halides

Sulfur oxides
and oxyhalides

Sulfites	CdSO₃ K₂SO₃
Sulfates	Ag₂SO₄ CaSO₄ CuSO₄ Cs₂SO₄ Er₂(SO₄)₃ Eu₂(SO₄)₃ HgSO₄ K₂SO₄ KAl(SO₄)₂ NaAl(SO₄)₂ RaSO₄ SnSO₄ SrSO₄ Ti(SO₄)₂ Tm₂(SO₄)₃ Yb₂(SO₄)₃ Zr(SO₄)₂

Sulfur nitrides

Thiocyanates

Organic compounds

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