Misplaced Pages

Antimony pentoxide

Names
IUPAC name (dioxo-λ5-stibanyl)oxy-dioxo-λ5-stibane
Other names antimony(V) oxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	1314-60-9
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	14129
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.853
EC Number	215-237-7
PubChem CID	14813
UNII	756OCG058B
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6050467
InChI InChI=1S/5O.2SbKey: LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/5O.2Sb/rO5Sb2/c1-6(2)5-7(3)4Key: LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-YOUOZQPQAC
SMILES O=(=O)O(=O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula	Sb2O5
Molar mass	323.517 g/mol
Appearance	yellow, powdery solid
Density	3.78 g/cm, solid
Melting point	380 °C (716 °F; 653 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	0.3 g/100 mL
Solubility	insoluble in nitric acid
Structure
Crystal structure	cubic
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	117.69 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH298)	–1008.18 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H302, H315, H319, H335, H411
Precautionary statements	P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 0 1OX
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.5 mg/m (as Sb)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m (as Sb)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). N verify (what is  ?) Infobox references

Antimony pentoxide (molecular formula: Sb₂O₅) is a chemical compound of antimony and oxygen. It contains antimony in the +5 oxidation state.

Structure

Antimony pentoxide has the same structure as the B form of niobium pentoxide and can be derived from the rutile structure, with antimony coordinated by six oxygen atoms in a distorted octahedral arrangement. The SbO₆ octahedra are corner- and edge-sharing.

Sb coordination	edge sharing	corner sharing

Preparation

The hydrated oxide is prepared by hydrolysis of antimony pentachloride; or by acidification of potassium hexahydroxoantimonate(V). It may also be prepared by oxidation of antimony trioxide with nitric acid.

Uses

Antimony pentoxide finds use as a flame retardant in ABS and other plastics and as a flocculant in the production of titanium dioxide, and is sometimes used in the production of glass, paint and adhesives.

It is also used as an ion exchange resin for a number of cations in acidic solution including Na (especially for their selective retentions), and as a polymerization and oxidation catalyst.

Properties and reactions

The hydrated oxide is insoluble in nitric acid, but dissolves in a concentrated potassium hydroxide solution to give potassium hexahydroxoantimonate(V), or KSb(OH)₆.

When heated to 700 °C (1,290 °F), the yellow hydrated pentoxide converts to an anhydrous white solid with the formula Sb₆O₁₃, containing both antimony(III) and antimony(V). Heating to 900 °C (1,650 °F) produces a white, insoluble powder of Sb₂O₄ in both α and β forms. The β form consists of antimony(V) in octahedral interstices and pyramidal SbO₄ units. In these compounds, the antimony(V) atom is octahedrally coordinated to six hydroxy groups.

The pentoxide can be reduced to antimony metal by heating with hydrogen or potassium cyanide.

References

1. ^ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
2. M. Jansen (March 1979). "Die Kristallstruktur von Antimon(V)-oxid". Acta Crystallogr. B. 35 (3): 539–542. Bibcode:1979AcCrB..35..539J. doi:10.1107/S056774087900409X.
3. Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
4. Bartlett, Jeffrey (1997-03-19). "Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide in Flame Retarded ABS". Nyacol Products, Inc. Archived from the original on 3 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-28.
5. "ANTIMONY PENTOXIDE". chemicalLAND21.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-28.
6. Pradyot Patnaik (2002). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill. p. 54. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.
7. "Antimony" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 606.

• Oxides
• Antimony(V) compounds