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Jadgali
Nummaṛī
Jadgali in Arabic script, in the three names of the language, Jadgali (Baloch name) and Numari (Native name)
Native to	Pakistan, Iran
Ethnicity	Balochs, Brahuis
Native speakers	no reliable data (2008)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Northwestern Zone Sindhi Jadgali
Writing system	Arabic script (Nastaʿlīq)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	jdg
Glottolog	jadg1238

Jaḍgālī (also called Jatgali, Jatki, Zadjali) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by various Baloch and Brahui tribes across Pakistan and Iran and also spoken by few hundreds in Oman. It is one of only two Indo-Aryan languages found on the Iranian plateau. It is a dialect of Sindhi language most closely related to Lasi.

The majority of Jadgali speakers are found in Pakistan, where a 2004 estimate placed it at 15,600, and in Iran, where according to a 2008 estimate it is at least 25,000. There are also immigrant communities in Oman and the United Arab Emirates, where the Jadgali language is known as az-zighālī or az-zijālī. In Iran at least two varieties are spoken, which are reportedly not easily intercomprehensible.

The term Jadgali is of Balochi origin, from Jad and gal meaning a speaker of the Jatki language, but it is nowadays used by Jadgali speakers themselves alongside the original Jadgali names for the lanuage Nummaṛī and Nummaṛikī.

Jadgali is underdocumented. According to Emeneau, it is likely to have been the source of early Indo-Aryan influences on Balochi and Brahui and therefore studies of the language could help bring insights into the linguistic history of the area.

In Iran

In Iran, Jadgali is spoken in the Dashtyari region in the south and south-east of Sistan and Balochistan Province, particularly in Pullān, Pīr Suhrāb and Bāhū Kalāt; all neighbouring communities are Balochi-speaking. Most Jadgali speakers share the same customs and traditions with neighbouring Balochs, and are only differentiated by language. According to local myths, they left their homeland after a defeat from the ruler of Sindh and then moved westward, eventually settling in Dashtyari during the reign of Shah Abbas.

Balochi is the language of wider communication, all male adults are bilingual in it, and it is more likely to be the one passed on to children in mixed marriages. However, attitudes to Jadgali are positive and the language is vital. Persian is used relatively often. In addition to Balochi TV programmes, some people also watch Sindhi-language broadcasts from Pakistan.

References

1. Delforooz 2008, p. 25
2. "Ethnologue report for Jadgali". Ethnologue.
3. Grimes, B. (2003). "Northwest Indo-Aryan Languages". International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8.
4. Delforooz 2008, p. 23.
5. Delforooz 2008, pp. 27–28. The similarity to Lasi emerged from a study of recordings of lexical items. The author notes that there nevertheless are differences in both pronunciation and lexicon.
6. Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Titus, Paul Brian (2008). The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-political Perspectives on Pluralism in Balochistan. Reichert Verlag. p. 28. ISBN 978-3-89500-591-6. the Jadgal in Dashtyari and speakers of Lasi in Las Bela or by assuming that Jadgali is a separate Sindhi dialect.'
7. Ethnologue 2017. Ethnologue had earlier estimated the population in Pakistan at 100,000.(Ethnologue 2013).
8. Delforooz 2008, p. 25. The corresponding 2004 estimate reported in Ethnologue (2017) was 10,000.
9. Delforooz 2008, p. 25.
10. Based on the testimony of one speaker. (Delforooz 2008, p. 28).
11. Delforooz 2008, p. 28.
12. Bashir 2016, pp. 272, 277.
13. Delforooz 2008, pp. 25, 28.
14. "Documentation of the Jadgali language | Endangered Languages Archive". www.elararchive.org. Retrieved 2024-04-08. Jadgal people......... Only their language distinguishes them from others in the region. They share the same traditions and customs with the Baloch people.
15. Delforooz 2008, pp. 25–26.
16. Spooner 1969, p. 144.
17. Delforooz 2008, p. 42.
18. Delforooz 2008, pp. 41–42.
19. Delforooz 2008, pp. 36, 42.
20. Delforooz 2008, p. 33.

Bibliography

• Bashir, Elena L. (2016). "Contact and convergence. Baluchistan". In Hock, Hans Henrich; Bashir, Elena (eds.). The languages and linguistics of South Asia: a comprehensive guide. World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 271–84. ISBN 978-3-11-042715-8.
• Delforooz, Behrooz Barjasteh (2008). "A sociolinguistic survey among the Jagdal in Iranian Balochistan". In Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Titus, Paul Brian (eds.). The Baloch and others: linguistic, historical and socio-political perspectives on pluralism in Balochistan. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. pp. 23–44. ISBN 978-3-89500-591-6.
• Lewis, M. Paul; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2013). "Jadgali". Ethnologue (17 ed.). Archived from the original on 2013-03-04.
• Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2017). "Jadgali". Ethnologue (20 ed.). (access limited).
• Spooner, Brian (1969). "Politics, Kinship, and Ecology in Southeast Persia". Ethnology. 8 (2): 139–152. doi:10.2307/3772976. ISSN 0014-1828. JSTOR 3772976.

• Languages of Iran
• Languages of Balochistan, Pakistan
• Western Indo-Aryan languages
• Dialects of Sindhi
• Indo-Aryan languages
• Languages of Oman