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Miglitol

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Pharmaceutical compound
Miglitol
Clinical data
Trade namesGlyset
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601079
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityDose-dependent
Protein bindingNegligible (<4.0%)
MetabolismNil
Elimination half-life2 hours
ExcretionRenal (95%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • (2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)
    piperidine-3,4,5-triol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.069.670 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H17NO5
Molar mass207.224 g/mol g·mol
3D model (JSmol)
Density1.458 g/cm
Melting point114 °C (237 °F)
SMILES
  • OCCN1((O)(O)(O)C1)CO
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1
  • Key:IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N
  (verify)

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to breakdown complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body.

Miglitol inhibits glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect. Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

See also

Oral diabetes medication, insulins and insulin analogs, and other drugs used in diabetes (A10)
Insulins / insulin analogs
fast-acting
short-acting
long-acting
ultra-long-acting
inhalable
  • Exubera
  • Afrezza
Non-insulins
Insulin sensitizers
Biguanides
TZDs/"glitazones" (PPAR)
Dual PPAR agonists
Amylin analogs and DACRAs
Secretagogues
KATP
Sulfonylureas
Meglitinides/"glinides"
GLP-1 receptor agonists
GLP1 poly-agonist peptides
DPP-4 inhibitors/"gliptins"
Other
Aldose reductase inhibitors
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors/"gliflozins"
Other
Combinations


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