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The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptors are a family of serine/threonine kinase receptors involved in TGF beta signaling pathway. These receptors bind growth factor and cytokine signaling proteins in the TGF-beta family such as TGFβs (TGFβ1, TGFβ2, TGFβ3), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth differentiation factors (GDFs), activin and inhibin, myostatin, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and NODAL.

TGFβ family receptors

TGFβ family receptors are grouped into three types, type I, type II, and type III. There are seven type I receptors, termed the activin-like receptors (ALK1–7), five type II receptors, and one type III receptor, for a total of 13 TGFβ superfamily receptors. In the transduction pathway, ligand-bound type II receptors activate type I receptors by phosphorylation, which then autophosphorylate and bind SMAD. The Type I receptors have a glycine-serine (GS, or TTSGSGSG) repeat motif of around 30 AA, a target of type II activity. At least three, and perhaps four to five of the serines and threonines in the GS domain, must be phosphorylated to fully activate TbetaR-1.

Type I

• ALK1 (ACVRL1)
• ALK2 (ACVR1A)
• ALK3 (BMPR1A)
• ALK4 (ACVR1B)
• ALK5 (TGFβR1)
• ALK6 (BMPR1B)
• ALK7 (ACVR1C)

Type II

• TGFβR2
• BMPR2
• ACVR2A
• ACVR2B
• AMHR2 (AMHR)

Type III

Unlike the Type I and II receptors which are kinases, TGFBR3 has a Zona pellucida-like domain. Its core domain binds TGF-beta family ligands and its heparan sulfate chains bind bFGF. It acts as a reservoir of ligand for TGF-beta receptors.

• TGFβR3 (β-glycan)

References

1. "Prosite Documentation PDOC00223". Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2006-07-01.
2. Fliesler SJ, Kisselev OG (26 December 2007). Signal Transduction in the Retina. CRC Press. pp. 273–. ISBN 978-1-4200-0716-9.
3. Thiriet M (14 December 2011). Signaling at the Cell Surface in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 666–. ISBN 978-1-4614-1991-4.
4. Wrana JL, Attisano L, Cárcamo J, et al. (December 1992). "TGF beta signals through a heteromeric protein kinase receptor complex". Cell. 71 (6): 1003–14. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90395-S. PMID 1333888. S2CID 54397586.
5. Huse, M; Muir, TW; Xu, L; Chen, YG; Kuriyan, J; Massagué, J (September 2001). "The TGF beta receptor activation process: an inhibitor- to substrate-binding switch". Molecular Cell. 8 (3): 671–82. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00332-X. PMID 11583628.
6. Andres JL, Stanley K, et al. (1989). "Membrane-anchored and soluble forms of betaglycan, a polymorphic proteoglycan that binds transforming growth factor-beta". J. Cell Biol. 109 (6 (Pt 1)): 3137–3145. doi:10.1083/jcb.109.6.3137. PMC 2115961. PMID 2592419.
7. Andres JL, DeFalcis D, et al. (1992). "Binding of two growth factor families to separate domains of the proteoglycan betaglycan". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (9): 5927–5930. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42643-9. PMID 1556106.

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