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{{Chembox {{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 396306459 | verifiedrevid = 443164898
| Reference = <ref name="CRC">{{RubberBible87th|pages=451, 514}}.</ref><ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|pages=97–100}}.</ref> | Reference = <ref name="CRC">{{RubberBible87th|pages=451, 514}}.</ref><ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|pages=97–100}}.</ref>
| Name = Caesium oxide | Name = Caesium oxide
| ImageFile = Caesium-oxide-xtal-3D-vdW.png | ImageFile = Caesium-oxide-xtal-3D-SF.png
| ImageCaption = {{legend|rgb(96,0,128)|Caesium cations, {{chem2|Cs+}}}}{{legend|red|Oxide anions, {{chem2|O(2−)}}}}
| ImageSize = 200px
| ImageName = Caesium oxide | ImageName = Caesium oxide
| IUPACName = Caesium oxide | IUPACName = Caesium oxide
| OtherNames = Cesium oxide (]) | OtherNames = Cesium oxide (])
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| InChI = 1/2Cs.O/q2*+1;-2 | InChI = 1/2Cs.O/q2*+1;-2
| SMILES = .. | SMILES = ..
| InChIKey = KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYAW | InChIKey = KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYAW
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
Line 17: Line 18:
| StdInChIKey = KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey = KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 20281-00-9 | CASNo = 20281-00-9
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| EC-number = 243-679-0 | EC_number = 243-679-0
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 8079519 | ChemSpiderID = 8079519
| RTECS = | RTECS =
| PubChem = 9903865 | PubChem = 9903865
}} }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Cs=2|O=1
| Formula = Cs<sub>2</sub>O
| Appearance = Yellow-orange solid
| MolarMass = 281.81 g/mol
| Appearance = yellow-orange solid | Density = 4.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid
| Solubility = Reacts to form ]
| Density = 4.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid
| Solubility = reacts | MeltingPtC = 490
| MeltingPt = 490 °C (under N<sub>2</sub>) | MeltingPt_notes = (under ])
| BoilingPt = | BoilingPt =
| MagSus = 1534.0·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}} }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Coordination = | Coordination =
| CrystalStruct = ] (]) | CrystalStruct = ] (])
}} }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry |Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = -345.8 kJ/mol | DeltaHf = −345.8 kJ/mol
| Entropy = 146.9 J K<sup>-1</sup> mol<sup>-1</sup>
| Entropy = 146.9 J/(K·mol)
| HeatCapacity = 76.0 J K<sup>-1</sup> mol<sup>-1</sup>
| HeatCapacity = 76.0 J/(K·mol)
}} }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| EUIndex = not listed
| MainHazards = Corrosive and Superbase
| FlashPt = non-flammable
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS08}}
}}
| NFPA-H = 3
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| NFPA-F = 0
| OtherAnions = ]
| NFPA-R = 2
| OtherCations = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>]
| NFPA-S = W
}}
| FlashPt = non-flammable
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = {{ubl|]|]|]|]}}
| OtherCations = {{ubl|]|]|]|]}}
| OtherFunction = {{ubl|]|]|]|]|]}}
| OtherFunction_label = ] ]s
| OtherCompounds = ]
}}
}} }}


'''Caesium oxide''' (] name) or '''cesium oxide''' describes ]s composed of ] and ]. The following binary (containing only Cs and O) oxides of caesium are known: Cs<sub>11</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Cs<sub>4</sub>O, Cs<sub>7</sub>O, and Cs<sub>2</sub>O.<ref name=Simon>{{citation | last = Simon | first = A. | title = Group 1 and 2 Suboxides and Subnitrides — Metals with Atomic Size Holes and Tunnels | journal = Coord. Chem. Rev. | year = 1997 | volume = 163 | pages = 253–270 | doi = 10.1016/S0010-8545(97)00013-1}}.</ref> Both the oxide and ]s are brightly coloured. The species Cs<sub>2</sub>O forms yellow-orange ] crystals.<ref name="CRC"/> '''Caesium monoxide''' or '''caesium oxide''' is a ] with the ] {{chem2|Cs2O|auto=1}}. It is the simplest and most common ] of the ]. It forms yellow-orange ] crystals.<ref name="CRC"/>


==Uses== ==Uses==
Caesium oxide is used in ]s to detect ] signals in devices such as ]s, vacuum ]s, ]s, and ] tubes<ref name="inf">{{Citation | last1 = Capper | first1 = Peter | last2 = Elliott | first2 = C. T. | year = 2000 | title = Infrared Detectors and Emitters | publisher = Springer | isbn = 9780792372066 | page = 14 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=HtgEcjQcgkkC&pg=PA14&dq=%22cesium+oxide%22+OR+%22caesium+oxide%22}}</ref> Caesium oxide is used in ]s to detect ] signals in devices such as ]s, vacuum ]s, ]s, and ] tubes<ref name="inf">{{Citation | last1 = Capper | first1 = Peter | last2 = Elliott | first2 = C. T. | year = 2000 | title = Infrared Detectors and Emitters | publisher = Springer | isbn = 978-0-7923-7206-6 | page = 14 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HtgEcjQcgkkC&q=%22cesium+oxide%22+OR+%22caesium+oxide%22&pg=PA14}}</ref>
L. R. Koller described the first modern photoemissive surface in 1929–30 as a layer of caesium on a layer of caesium oxide on a layer of ].<ref name="mul">{{Citation | last = Busch | first = Kenneth W. | last2 = Busch | first2 =Marianna A. | year = 1990 | title = Multielement Detection Systems for Spectrochemical Analysis | publisher = Wiley-Interscience | isbn = 9780471819745 | page = 12 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=9H0W1J-Rku4C&pg=PA12&dq=%22cesium+oxide%22+OR+%22caesium+oxide%22}}</ref> It is a good ] emitter; however, its high ] limits its usefulness.<ref name="ins">{{Citation | editor-first = Punit | editor-last = Boolchand | year = 2000 | title = Insulating and Semiconducting Glasses | publisher = World Scientific | isbn = 9789810236731 | page = 855 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=QK2f4eVh7qgC&pg=PA855&dq=%22cesium+oxide%22+OR+%22caesium+oxide%22}}</ref> L. R. Koller described the first modern photoemissive surface in 1929–1930 as a layer of caesium on a layer of caesium oxide on a layer of ].<ref name="mul">{{Citation | last1 = Busch | first1 = Kenneth W. | last2 = Busch | first2 =Marianna A. | year = 1990 | title = Multielement Detection Systems for Spectrochemical Analysis | publisher = Wiley-Interscience | isbn = 978-0-471-81974-5 | page = 12 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9H0W1J-Rku4C&q=%22cesium+oxide%22+OR+%22caesium+oxide%22&pg=PA12}}</ref> It is a good ] emitter; however, its high ] limits its usefulness.<ref name="ins">{{Citation | editor-first = Punit | editor-last = Boolchand | year = 2000 | title = Insulating and Semiconducting Glasses | publisher = World Scientific | isbn = 978-981-02-3673-1 | page = 855 | bibcode = 2000isg..book.....B | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QK2f4eVh7qgC&q=%22cesium+oxide%22+OR+%22caesium+oxide%22&pg=PA855}}</ref>


==Reactions== ==Reactions==
Elemental ] ] caesium oxide to elemental caesium, forming ] as a side-product:<ref name="cond"> Elemental ] ] caesium oxide to elemental caesium, forming ] as a side-product:<ref name="cond">
{{Citation | editor-last= Turner, Jr. | editor-first= Francis M. | year = 1920 | title = The Condensed Chemical Dictionary | publication-place = New York | publisher = Chemical Catalog Co. | page = 121 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=y8y0XE0nsYEC&pg=PA121&dq=%22cesium+oxide%22+OR+%22caesium+oxide%22}}</ref><ref name="sblock"> {{Citation | editor-last= Turner Jr. | editor-first= Francis M. | year = 1920 | title = The Condensed Chemical Dictionary | publication-place = New York | publisher = Chemical Catalog Co. | page = 121 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=y8y0XE0nsYEC&q=%22cesium+oxide%22+OR+%22caesium+oxide%22&pg=PA121}}</ref><ref name="sblock">
{{Citation | last = Arora | first = M.G. | year = 1997 | title = S-Block Elements | publication-place = New Delhi | publisher = Anmol Publications | isbn = 9788174885623 | page = 13 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=QR3TCaKaykEC&pg=PA256&dq=%22Bromine+dioxide%22}}</ref> {{Citation | last = Arora | first = M.G. | year = 1997 | title = S-Block Elements | publication-place = New Delhi | publisher = Anmol Publications | isbn = 978-81-7488-562-3 | page = 13 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QR3TCaKaykEC&q=%22Bromine+dioxide%22&pg=PA256}}</ref>


:Cs<sub>2</sub>O + Mg Cs + MgO :{{chem2|Cs2O + Mg → 2 Cs + MgO}}


Cs<sub>2</sub>O is hygroscopic, forming the corrosive CsOH on contact with water. {{chem2|Cs2O}} is ], forming the corrosive ] on contact with water.


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

{{Caesium compounds}}
{{Oxides}}


] ]
] ]

{{inorganic-compound-stub}}


{{Caesium compounds}}

]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 14:41, 14 November 2024

Caesium oxide
Caesium oxide
  Caesium cations, Cs  Oxide anions, O
Names
IUPAC name Caesium oxide
Other names Cesium oxide (US)
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.039.693 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 243-679-0
PubChem CID
InChI
  • InChI=1S/2Cs.O/q2*+1;-2Key: KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/2Cs.O/q2*+1;-2Key: KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYAW
SMILES
  • ..
Properties
Chemical formula Cs2O
Molar mass 281.810 g·mol
Appearance Yellow-orange solid
Density 4.65 g/cm, solid
Melting point 490 °C (914 °F; 763 K) (under N2)
Solubility in water Reacts to form CsOH
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) 1534.0·10 cm/mol
Structure
Crystal structure anti-CdCl2 (hexagonal)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C) 76.0 J/(K·mol)
Std molar
entropy
(S298)
146.9 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of
formation
fH298)
−345.8 kJ/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards Corrosive and Superbase
GHS labelling:
Pictograms GHS05: CorrosiveGHS08: Health hazard
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid
3 0 2W
Flash point non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
Other cations
Related caesium oxides
Related compounds Caesium hydroxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkverify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Caesium monoxide or caesium oxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Cs2O. It is the simplest and most common oxide of the caesium. It forms yellow-orange hexagonal crystals.

Uses

Caesium oxide is used in photocathodes to detect infrared signals in devices such as image intensifiers, vacuum photodiodes, photomultipliers, and TV camera tubes L. R. Koller described the first modern photoemissive surface in 1929–1930 as a layer of caesium on a layer of caesium oxide on a layer of silver. It is a good electron emitter; however, its high vapor pressure limits its usefulness.

Reactions

Elemental magnesium reduces caesium oxide to elemental caesium, forming magnesium oxide as a side-product:

Cs2O + Mg → 2 Cs + MgO

Cs2O is hygroscopic, forming the corrosive CsOH on contact with water.

References

  1. ^ Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 451, 514. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3..
  2. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. pp. 97–100. ISBN 978-0-08-022057-4..
  3. Capper, Peter; Elliott, C. T. (2000), Infrared Detectors and Emitters, Springer, p. 14, ISBN 978-0-7923-7206-6
  4. Busch, Kenneth W.; Busch, Marianna A. (1990), Multielement Detection Systems for Spectrochemical Analysis, Wiley-Interscience, p. 12, ISBN 978-0-471-81974-5
  5. Boolchand, Punit, ed. (2000), Insulating and Semiconducting Glasses, World Scientific, p. 855, Bibcode:2000isg..book.....B, ISBN 978-981-02-3673-1
  6. Turner Jr., Francis M., ed. (1920), The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, New York: Chemical Catalog Co., p. 121
  7. Arora, M.G. (1997), S-Block Elements, New Delhi: Anmol Publications, p. 13, ISBN 978-81-7488-562-3
Caesium compounds
Oxides
Mixed oxidation states
+1 oxidation state
+2 oxidation state
+3 oxidation state
+4 oxidation state
+5 oxidation state
+6 oxidation state
+7 oxidation state
+8 oxidation state
Related
Oxides are sorted by oxidation state. Category:Oxides
Categories: