| Revision as of 07:25, 6 July 2006 editBabbage (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers7,268 edits add links; remove NPOV "marvellous language"; remove implication that Konkani is only written in roman script← Previous edit | Revision as of 02:05, 7 July 2006 edit undoArunShanbhag (talk | contribs)14 editsm deleted incorrect informationNext edit → | ||
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| |lc3=gom|ld3=Goan Konkani|notice=Indic}} | |lc3=gom|ld3=Goan Konkani|notice=Indic}} | ||
| '''Konkani''' (]/] कोंकणी ''{{IAST|koṃkaṇī}}'') is derived from the ] language, and includes a significant vocabulary derived from various ]. It started as a vernacular of ], with the inevitable introduction of new words and phrases. It has been relatively free of influence of other language except a little of ] (in the last few centuries) and some ] (supposedly during the ] period of 12-14th centuries). Konkani is not a dialect of ] and it has been established that when the Konkani language had reached maturity, the Marathi language was in its developmental stages. The Goa, Karwar and adjoining areas were claimed by Maharashtra. However Goa was made an independent state and Karwar was included in Karnataka inspite of the dispute about Konkani's existence as a separate language. | |||
| '''Konkani''' (]/] कोंकणी ''{{IAST|koṃkaṇī}}'') is a language developed by constant interaction between the ] and the Indians. | |||
| The ]s who came from Europe, today settled in parts of the Indian West Cost speak this language. Konkani contains words from different European languages, which a pinch of local csutoms and traditions. Konkani speaking people can be recognized on Indian soil easily by their European traits, some mixed with that of a few African features, which they recieved from the Portuguese bought along slaves. | |||
| The D'souza's, Fernandes', D'cruz, and mostly all Portuguese surnames, these all are also Konkani speaking in India. Even the Dantes, Menezes (] and ], respectively) speak Konkani. | |||
| The Konkani language is spoken widely in the ] region consisting of ], south coastal ], coastal ] and ], each region having a unique ] and ] style. The language was brought to these areas by ] Konkani speakers fleeing the Portuguese inquisition of Goa during the early years of Portuguese rule. To this day the temple of the ''Kula Deva'' (Family Deity) of most Konkani people living outside Goa, can be found within Goa. In areas controlled by the Portuguese during the inquisition (~1560 - 1774 ad), all temples were destroyed by the Portuguese and ]es built over them. Konkanis smuggled their deities across the ] into what was then territory ruled by the ] of ]. There the temples were maintained in small wooden shacks. After Goa's independence in 1961, Konkanis returned to Goa in large numbers and rebuilt their temples. | The Konkani language is spoken widely in the ] region consisting of ], south coastal ], coastal ] and ], each region having a unique ] and ] style. The language was brought to these areas by ] Konkani speakers fleeing the Portuguese inquisition of Goa during the early years of Portuguese rule. To this day the temple of the ''Kula Deva'' (Family Deity) of most Konkani people living outside Goa, can be found within Goa. In areas controlled by the Portuguese during the inquisition (~1560 - 1774 ad), all temples were destroyed by the Portuguese and ]es built over them. Konkanis smuggled their deities across the ] into what was then territory ruled by the ] of ]. There the temples were maintained in small wooden shacks. After Goa's independence in 1961, Konkanis returned to Goa in large numbers and rebuilt their temples. | ||
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Revision as of 02:05, 7 July 2006
| Konkani | |
|---|---|
| कोंकणी koṃkaṇī (Amchigale} (Devanāgarī),koṃkaṇi | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Konkan |
| Native speakers | 7.5 million (including 3.5 million speakers of Goan) |
| Language family | Indo-European |
| Writing system | Devanāgarī, Latin alphabet and Kannada abugida |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | kok |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:kok – Konkani (generic)knn – Konkani (specific)gom – Goan Konkani |
Konkani (Devanāgarī/Marathi कोंकणी koṃkaṇī) is derived from the Sanskrit language, and includes a significant vocabulary derived from various Dravidian languages. It started as a vernacular of Sanskrit, with the inevitable introduction of new words and phrases. It has been relatively free of influence of other language except a little of Portuguese (in the last few centuries) and some Kannada (supposedly during the Kadamba period of 12-14th centuries). Konkani is not a dialect of Marathi and it has been established that when the Konkani language had reached maturity, the Marathi language was in its developmental stages. The Goa, Karwar and adjoining areas were claimed by Maharashtra. However Goa was made an independent state and Karwar was included in Karnataka inspite of the dispute about Konkani's existence as a separate language.
The Konkani language is spoken widely in the Konkan region consisting of Goa, south coastal Maharashtra, coastal Karnataka and Kerala, each region having a unique dialect and pronunciation style. The language was brought to these areas by Hindu Konkani speakers fleeing the Portuguese inquisition of Goa during the early years of Portuguese rule. To this day the temple of the Kula Deva (Family Deity) of most Konkani people living outside Goa, can be found within Goa. In areas controlled by the Portuguese during the inquisition (~1560 - 1774 ad), all temples were destroyed by the Portuguese and churches built over them. Konkanis smuggled their deities across the Zuari River into what was then territory ruled by the Adil Shah of Gulbarga. There the temples were maintained in small wooden shacks. After Goa's independence in 1961, Konkanis returned to Goa in large numbers and rebuilt their temples.
Konkani is written in a number of scripts. The dominant ones are Devanagari and Roman, which originated during the Portuguese rule. The Kannada script is used in Mangalore, and other coastal regions of Karnataka. Two other minor scripts have been used: Perso-Arabic by Karnatakan Muslims known as ‘Bhatkali’, descended from inhabitants of the city of Bhatkal, in the south of Karnataka, who converted to Islam during the reign of Tippu Sultan (c1749–1799), and Malayalam script in a small community, centred around the city of Cochin in Kerala state. In recent years, though, this community has started producing publications in the widely-known Devanagari script.
The Konkani language had been in danger of dying out — the progressive Westernisation of the Indian subcontinent (including the strong Portuguese influence in Goa from the 16th century) has resulted in English being widely spoken among Catholics, while local influence has led to Marathi being widely adopted by Konkani Hindus living in coastal Maharashtra. This trend was arrested in 1985 by a strong Konkani movement in Goa that had broad support from both religious groups. Konkani is now widely spoken in Goa, and is the official state language. It has since been given official language status in the Indian Constitution.
The first known printed book in Konkani was written by an English Jesuit priest, Thomas Stephens, and entitled Doutrina Christam (The Doctrine of Christ) (1622). As part of the Portuguese Inquisition, attempts were made to systematically destory all aspects of Konkani culture. This included temples, which were also the repositories of written scriptures and other works. The present lack of any pre-Portuguese Konkani literature points to the unmerciful destruction of the Konkani heritage. That the language itself survives the more than 400 years of alien subjugation attests to the resilience of nomadic Konkani people.
See also
- Konkani people
- Languages of India
- List of national languages of India
- List of Indian languages by total speakers
External links
- The Origins of the Konkani Language
- Information on the 2006 North American Konkani Convention
- Konkani Heritage and Culture
- Learn Mangalorean Konkani online
- Konkani Catholics Blog, The
- Konkani Word Processor: Madhyam
- Discussion Group for Konkani Catholics
- Ethnologue report for Konkani
- Learn Konkani online
- Thomas Stevens Konknni Kendr, Goa
- Lyrics of Konkani Songs
- History of Mangalorean Konkani Christians
- Konkani Cuisines from Mangalore
- Mother Tongue blues by Madhavi Sardesai
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