Konkani language: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous edit Next edit →Content deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 12:17, 25 October 2006 edit84.70.178.87 (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit		Revision as of 12:17, 25 October 2006 edit undoMER-C (talk \| contribs)Edit filter managers, Autopatrolled, Administrators250,807 editsm JS: Reverted vandalism by 84.70.178.87 to last version by Naveenbm.Next edit →
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Infobox Language
	what the fuck
			\|name=Konkani
			\|nativename=ಕೊಂಕಣಿ कोंकणी ''{{IAST\|koṃkaṇī}}''
			\|states=]
			\|region=]
			\|speakers=7.5 million (including 3.5 million speakers of Goan)
			\|familycolor=Indo-European
			\|fam2=]
			\|fam3=]
			\|fam4=]
			\|script=], ] and ]
			\|iso2=kok
			\|lc1=kok\|ld1=Konkani (generic)\|ll1=none
			\|lc2=knn\|ld2=Konkani (specific)\|ll2=none
			\|lc3=gom\|ld3=Goan Konkani\|notice=Indic}}

			'''Konkani''' (]:ಕೊಂಕಣಿ<ref>http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct262005/panorama16491920051025.asp</ref><!--There are more than twice as many Konkani speaking people in Karnataka compared to Goa and they all use the Kannada script. An overwhelming majority of books printed in Konkani are in Kannada, not in Roman or Nagari scripts. Kannada is the only state which has a Konkani Sahitya Academy.--> ;]: कोंकणी ''{{IAST\|koṃkaṇī}}'') is a language of India, and belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. It is derived from ], and includes a significant vocabulary derived from various ]. It has been relatively free of influences from other languages with the exception of ] (particularly in areas of ]), some ] and ]. There is disagreement on the relationship between Konkani and its neighbouring language Marathi - whether Konkani is a predecessor of Marathi, a language derived from Marathi, or a cousin language of Marathi that evolved simultaneously.

			The Konkani language is spoken widely in the ] region consisting of ], south coastal ], coastal ] and ], each region having a unique ] and ] style. The language was brought to these areas by ] Konkani and Christian Konkani speakers in three waves of migration. The first migration occurred during the Portuguese inquisition of Goa during the early years of Portuguese rule. The second wave of migration was during the 1571 war with the Sultan of Bijapur. The third wave of migration happened during the wars of 1683-1740 with the Marathas. To this day the temple of the ''Kula Deva'' (Family Deity) of most Konkani people living outside Goa, can be found within Goa. In areas controlled by the Portuguese during the inquisition (~1560 - 1774), some temples were destroyed by the Portuguese and ]es built over them. Konkanis smuggled their deities across the ] into what was then territory ruled by the ] of ]. There the temples were maintained in small wooden shacks. After Goa's independence in 1961, Hindu Konkanis returned to Goa in large numbers and rebuilt their temples.

			Konkani is written in a number of scripts. The dominant ones are ] and ], which originated during the Portuguese rule. The ] is used amongst the Konkani population of ]. ] is used by the expatriate Konkani community, centred around the city of ] in ] state. In recent years, many of these communities have started producing publications in the widely-known ] as well as the ].

			The Konkani language had been in danger of dying out — the progressive ] of the Indian subcontinent (including the strong ] influence in Goa from the ]) has resulted in ] being widely spoken among ]s, while local influence has led to ] being widely adopted by Konkani Hindus living in coastal ]. This trend was arrested in 1985 by a strong Konkani movement in Goa that had broad support from both religious groups. Konkani is now widely spoken in Goa, and is the official state language. It has since been given ] status in the ].

			The first known printed book in Konkani was written by an ] ] priest, ], and entitled ''Doutrina Christam'' (''The Doctrine of Christ'') (]). As part of the Portuguese Inquisition, attempts were made to systematically christianize Konkani culture. This included the destruction of temples, which were also the repositories of written scriptures and other works.

			==See also==
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			==References==
			<references />


			==External links==
			{{Incubator\|code= kok}}
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			* Mother Tongue blues by Madhavi Sardesai

			{{Indo-Iranian languages}}

			]
			]
			]

			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]

Revision as of 12:17, 25 October 2006

Konkani
ಕೊಂಕಣಿ कोंकणी koṃkaṇī
Native to	India
Region	Konkan
Native speakers	7.5 million (including 3.5 million speakers of Goan)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Southern zone Konkani
Writing system	Devanāgarī, Latin alphabet and Kannada abugida
Language codes
ISO 639-2	`kok`
ISO 639-3	Variously: `kok` – Konkani (generic) `knn` – Konkani (specific) `gom` – Goan Konkani

Konkani (Kannada:ಕೊಂಕಣಿ ;Devanāgarī: कोंकणी koṃkaṇī) is a language of India, and belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. It is derived from European languages, and includes a significant vocabulary derived from various Dravidian languages. It has been relatively free of influences from other languages with the exception of Portuguese (particularly in areas of Goa), some Kannada and Marathi. There is disagreement on the relationship between Konkani and its neighbouring language Marathi - whether Konkani is a predecessor of Marathi, a language derived from Marathi, or a cousin language of Marathi that evolved simultaneously.

The Konkani language is spoken widely in the Konkan region consisting of Goa, south coastal Maharashtra, coastal Karnataka and Kerala, each region having a unique dialect and pronunciation style. The language was brought to these areas by Hindu Konkani and Christian Konkani speakers in three waves of migration. The first migration occurred during the Portuguese inquisition of Goa during the early years of Portuguese rule. The second wave of migration was during the 1571 war with the Sultan of Bijapur. The third wave of migration happened during the wars of 1683-1740 with the Marathas. To this day the temple of the Kula Deva (Family Deity) of most Konkani people living outside Goa, can be found within Goa. In areas controlled by the Portuguese during the inquisition (~1560 - 1774), some temples were destroyed by the Portuguese and churches built over them. Konkanis smuggled their deities across the Zuari River into what was then territory ruled by the Adil Shah of Gulbarga. There the temples were maintained in small wooden shacks. After Goa's independence in 1961, Hindu Konkanis returned to Goa in large numbers and rebuilt their temples.

Konkani is written in a number of scripts. The dominant ones are Devanagari and Roman, which originated during the Portuguese rule. The Kannada script is used amongst the Konkani population of Karnataka. Malayalam script is used by the expatriate Konkani community, centred around the city of Cochin in Kerala state. In recent years, many of these communities have started producing publications in the widely-known Devanagari script as well as the Roman.

The Konkani language had been in danger of dying out — the progressive Westernisation of the Indian subcontinent (including the strong Portuguese influence in Goa from the 16th century) has resulted in English being widely spoken among Catholics, while local influence has led to Marathi being widely adopted by Konkani Hindus living in coastal Maharashtra. This trend was arrested in 1985 by a strong Konkani movement in Goa that had broad support from both religious groups. Konkani is now widely spoken in Goa, and is the official state language. It has since been given official language status in the Indian Constitution.

The first known printed book in Konkani was written by an English Jesuit priest, Thomas Stephens, and entitled Doutrina Christam (The Doctrine of Christ) (1622). As part of the Portuguese Inquisition, attempts were made to systematically christianize Konkani culture. This included the destruction of temples, which were also the repositories of written scriptures and other works.

References

http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct262005/panorama16491920051025.asp

External links

Indo-Iranian languages

Indo-Aryan languages

Dardic

Kashmiri	Kashmiri Kishtwari
Shina	Shina Brokskat Kundal Shahi Kalkoti Ushoji Palula Sawi
Pashayi	Pashayi
Kunar	Dameli Gawar-Bati Nangalami Shumashti Wotapuri-Katarqalai
Chitral	Kalasha Khowar
Hazara Division	Indus Kohistani Bateri Chilisso Gowro Kalami Tirahi Mankiyali

Northern

Eastern	Doteli Jumli Nepali
Central	Garhwali Kumaoni
Western	Dogri Kangri Bhadarwahi Churahi Bhateali Bilaspuri Chambeali Gaddi Pangwali Mandeali Mahasu Pahari Jaunsari Kullui Pahari Kinnauri Hinduri Sirmauri Sarazi

Northwestern

Punjabi

Eastern	Punjabi dialects Sansi
Lahnda	Hindko Inku Khetrani Pahari-Pothwari Saraiki

Sindhi

Western

Gujarati	Aer Gujarati Lisan ud-Dawat Jandavra Koli Kachi Parkari Wadiyara Saurashtra Vaghri
Rajasthani	Bagri Goaria Loarki Gujari Dhundari Harauti Malvi Marwari Mewati Mewari Shekhawati Dhatki Od Nimadi
Bhil	Bhili Bhilali Chodri Dhodia–Kukna Dhanki Dubli Bauria Bhilori Mawchi Magari Palya Bareli Pauri Bareli Rathwi Bareli Pardhi Gamit Kalto Vasavi Wagdi Vaagri Booli
Others	Khandeshi Lambadi Dawoodi Domari Romani list of languages

Central

Western	Braj Bhasha Bundeli Haryanvi Hindustani Kauravi Hindi Hinglish/Urdish Urdu Deccani Judeo-Urdu Hyderabadi Urdu Rekhta Kannauji Sansi Sadhukkadi
Eastern	Awadhi Bagheli Chhattisgarhi Fiji Hindi
Others	Parya

Eastern

Bihari

Bhojpuric	Bhojpuri Caribbean Hindustani
Magahi	Magahi Khortha
Maithili	Maithili Angika Bajjika
Sadanic	Sadri Kurmali
Tharuic	Tharu Kochila Buksa Majhi Musasa
Others	Kumhali Kuswaric Bote-Darai Danwar

Gauda–
Kamarupa

Bengali	Bengali dialects Bishnupriya Manipuri Hajong Kharia Thar Kurmukar Mal Paharia Noakhailla Sylheti Tanchangya
Kamarupic	Assamese Kamrupi Goalpariya Rajbanshi (Nepal) Rangpuri Surjapuri
Chittagonian	Chittagonian Chakma Rohingya

Odia

Halbic

Southern

Marathi–
Konkani

Marathic	Marathi Varhadi Andh Berar Deccan Varli Phudagi Katkari Kadodi
Konkanic	Konkani Maharashtrian Konkani Canarese Konkani

Insular

Old

Middle

Early	Ashokan Prakrit Pāli Early Ardhamagadhi
Middle (Prakrit)	Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dramatic Prakrits Ardhamagadhi Magadhi Maharashtri Shauraseni Gāndhārī Gaudi Paishachi
Late (Apabhraṃśa)	Abahattha Apabhraṃśa Elu Kamarupi Khasa Prakrit

Proto-
languages

Unclassified

Badeshi (unknown further classification)
Bazigar
Chinali–Lahul
- Chinali
- Lahul Lohar
Sheikhgal

Pidgins
and creoles

See also: Indo-Iranian languages; Nuristani languages; Iranian languages

Iranian languages

History

Eastern

Pamir	Ishkashimi Khufi Munji Rushani Sanglechi Sarghulami Shughni Bartangi Khufi Oroshori Sarikoli Vanji Wakhi Yazghulami Yidgha
Others	Avestan Bactrian Khwarezmian Parachi Pashto Central Northern Southern Wanetsi Ormuri Scythian Alanian Ossetian Digor Iron Jassic Saka Sogdian Yaghnobi

Western

North	Ashtiani Balochi Makrani Daylami Fars Gilaki Gorani Gorgani Karingani Kurdish Kurmanji Sorani Xwarin Kordali Laki Mazanderani Tabaroid Median Old Azeri Parthian Semnani Lasgerdi Sangsari Semnani proper Sorkhei Talysh Tati Tatoid Zaza Zoroastrian Dari
South	Achomi Bashkardi Garmsiri Kuhmareyi Kumzari Luri Bakhtiari Pahlavani Persian Caucasian Tat Dari Hazaragi Tajik Old Persian Middle Persian

Others

Badeshi (unknown further classification)

Italics indicate extinct or historical languages.
Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

v t e Nuristani languages
Katë	Western Northeastern Southeastern
Wasi-wari	Wasi-wari
Southern	Askunu (Ashkun) Waigali (Kalasha-ala) Tregami Zemiaki

Categories:

Revision as of 12:17, 25 October 2006

See also

References

External links