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1976 Soviet aircraft accident

Aeroflot Flight 2415
Accident
СССР-42471, the aircraft involved in the accident
Date	28 November 1976 (1976-11-28)
Summary	Crew disorientation as a result of artificial horizon failure
Site	Near Klushino, Moscow region 56°01′11″N 37°17′30″E / 56.01972°N 37.29167°E / 56.01972; 37.29167
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Tupolev Tu-104B
Operator	Aeroflot
Registration	СССР-42471
Flight origin	Sheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow, Russia
Destination	Pulkovo Airport, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Occupants	73
Passengers	67
Crew	6
Fatalities	73
Survivors	0

Aeroflot Flight 2415 (Russian: Рейс 2415 Аэрофлота Reys 2415 Aeroflota) was a regularly scheduled passenger flight from Moscow to Leningrad that crashed shortly after takeoff on 28 November 1976. The cause of the accident was attributed to crew disorientation as a result of artificial horizon failure in low visibility conditions.

Aircraft

The aircraft involved in the accident was a Tupolev Tu-104B registered СССР-42471 to Aeroflot-Russian Airlines. The aircraft rolled off the final assembly line of the Kazan Aircraft Production facility on 22 February 1960 and was delivered to the Ministry of Civil Aviation on 24 March 1960. In the aircraft's sixteen years of operation it accumulated 22,199 flight hours and 13,336 pressurization cycles.

Crew

On board the plane were six crew members, of which four were cockpit crew and two were cabin crew.

The cockpit crew consisted of:

Captain Boris Nikolaevich Gorokhovsky, (Russian: Борис Николаевич Гороховский) serving as the pilot in command
Co-pilot Igor Borisovich Nikolaev, (Russian: Игорь Борисович Николаев)
Navigator Vladimir Viktorovich Gusev (Russian: Владимир Викторович Гусев)
Flight engineer Vladimir Grigorevich Vasiliev (Russian: Владимир Григорьевич Васильев)

Sequence of events

Final tally of passenger nationalities
Nationality	Passengers	Crew	Total
Soviet Union	65	6	71
East Germany	1	0	1
Czechoslovakia	1	0	1
Total	67	6	73

Flight 2415 took off from Moscow-Sheremetyevo International Airport despite bad weather at 6:53 local time. On board the plane were the six crew members as well as 67 passengers, including four children. The weather forecast for the evening was cloudiness limiting visibility to 1,500 metres (1.5 km; 0.93 mi) at best with mild winds. The plane took off from the runway at a safe speed of 290 kilometres per hour (160 kn; 180 mph). After takeoff the pilots reduced engine power and radioed the control tower for instructions to proceed. The crew was instructed to head on a bearing of 265°; the pilots performed the maneuver by setting the ailerons for banking to the right. After banking 265° the aircraft continued to bank to the right, losing altitude and picking up speed in the process, putting the aircraft into a steep dive. The plane crashed into the ground 9.5 kilometres (5.9 mi; 5.1 nmi) from the airport, exploding on impact and killing all passengers and crew aboard the plane.

Causes

The State Supervisory Commission for Flight Safety board cited among the causes of the crash included failure of the artificial horizon, poor visibility from the cockpit, and lack of warnings indicating the failure of the artificial horizon. Due to the damage to the aircraft caused by the crash, it was impossible to determine if the ailerons were functioning correctly at the time. The cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorders were both missing the last six seconds of data, presumably as result of the damage in the post-crash fire. The board concluded that the crew demonstrated excellent calm in the emergency in their efforts to fly with incorrect data from the aircraft; weather was not determined to be a primary cause of the crash. One member of the board, Markov, disagreed with the findings of the report and attributed the accident to pilot error; but he was overruled by Gosavianadzor who sided with the rest of the board.

References

Aeroflot

Part of SkyTeam alliance

Subsidiaries

Active	Pobeda Rossiya
Inactive	Dobrolet Donavia Orenair SAT Airlines Vladivostok Air
Exited	Aurora Nordavia (now Smartavia)

Fleet

Accidents and
incidents

1940s	G-2 Alma-Ata crash ANT-20bis crash CCCP-Л1450 crash Flight 17
1950s	Il-12 Karaganda crash Il-12 Novosibirsk crash Kemerovo mid-air collision Flight 229 Flight 783 Flight 10 Flight 136 Flight 214 Flight 229 Kiev mid-air collision Flight 11 Flight 10 Flight 105 Flight 04 Flight 365 Flight 164 Il-12 Lazo crash Тu-104 Kanash crash Flight 200 Flight 315
1960s	Flight 315 Flight 207 Flight 036 Flight 068 Flight 245 Flight 902 Flight 415 Flight 03 Flight 213 Flight 191 Flight 25 Flight 012 Flight 366 Flight 663 Flight 721 Flight 101/X-20 Flight 542 Flight 513 Flight 99 Flight 065 Flight 2723 Flight 5003 Flight 2230 Flight L-51 Flight 1668 Flight 15 Flight 831 Flight F-28 Flight N-826
1970s	Flight U-45 Flight 1661 Flight 3630 CCCP-11000 crash CCCP-12996 crash Flight 1969 Flight 1912 Flight 773 Flight N-63 Flight 2174 Flight 1491 Flight 558 Flight 1036 Flight 217 Flight 6263 Flight 141 Flight 630 Flight X-167 Flight 6551 Flight 109 Flight A-13 Flight 3932 Flight 964 Flight 19 Flight 2022 Flight 2420 CCCP-75559 crash Flight 662 Flight E-15 Flight A-53 Flight 2003 Flight 3739 Flight 909 Flight 1802 Flight 418 Flights 7957 and 31 Flight 2415 Flight N-36 Flight 3843 Flight 5003 Flight 331 Flight B-2 Flight 6709 Flight 1080 Flight 6515 Flight 1691 Flights 7628 and 7880 Flight 5484
1980s	Flight 4225 Flight 498 Flight 811 Flight 3603 Flight 8641 Flight 411 Flight 343 Flight 5463 Flight 601 Flight 3352 Flight F-637 Flight 3519 Flight 7841 Zolochiv mid-air collision Flight 5143 Flight 101/435 Flight F-77 Flight 2306 Flight 6502 Flight 892 Flight U-505 Flight N-528 Flight 699 Flight 3739
since 1990s	Flight E-35D CCCP-46472 crash Flight 2808 Flight 593 Flight 521 Flight 821 Flight 1492

v t e Aviation accidents and incidents in 1976 (1976)
Jan 1 Middle East Airlines Flight 438Jan 3 Aeroflot Flight 2003Jan 15 Taxi Aereo el Venado Douglas DC-4 accidentFeb 9 Aeroflot Flight 3739Mar 6 Aeroflot Flight 909Apr 5 Alaska Airlines Flight 60Apr 26 Gubir shootdownApr 27 American Airlines Flight 625May 9 Imperial Iranian Air Force Flight 48May 15 Aeroflot Flight 1802May 23 Philippine Airlines Flight 116Jun 1 Aeroflot Flight 418Jun 4 Air Manila Flight 702Jun 6 Double Six CrashJun 27 Air France Flight 139Jul 28 ČSA Flight 001Aug 15 SAETA Flight 232Aug 23 EgyptAir Flight 321Sep 3 Venezuelan Air Force C-130 crashSep 9 Anapa mid-air collisionSep 10 Zagreb mid-air collisionSep 10 TWA Flight 355Sep 19 Turkish Airlines Flight 452Oct 6 Cubana de Aviación Flight 455Oct 12 Indian Airlines Flight 171Oct 13 LAB Boeing 707 crashNov 23 Olympic Airways Flight 830Nov 28 Aeroflot Flight 2415Dec 17 Aeroflot Flight N-36Dec 25 EgyptAir Flight 864
1975 ◄ ► 1977

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1976 (1976)

Jan 1 Middle East Airlines Flight 438Jan 3 Aeroflot Flight 2003Jan 15 Taxi Aereo el Venado Douglas DC-4 accidentFeb 9 Aeroflot Flight 3739Mar 6 Aeroflot Flight 909Apr 5 Alaska Airlines Flight 60Apr 26 Gubir shootdownApr 27 American Airlines Flight 625May 9 Imperial Iranian Air Force Flight 48May 15 Aeroflot Flight 1802May 23 Philippine Airlines Flight 116Jun 1 Aeroflot Flight 418Jun 4 Air Manila Flight 702Jun 6 Double Six CrashJun 27 Air France Flight 139Jul 28 ČSA Flight 001Aug 15 SAETA Flight 232Aug 23 EgyptAir Flight 321Sep 3 Venezuelan Air Force C-130 crashSep 9 Anapa mid-air collisionSep 10 Zagreb mid-air collisionSep 10 TWA Flight 355Sep 19 Turkish Airlines Flight 452Oct 6 Cubana de Aviación Flight 455Oct 12 Indian Airlines Flight 171Oct 13 LAB Boeing 707 crashNov 23 Olympic Airways Flight 830Nov 28 Aeroflot Flight 2415Dec 17 Aeroflot Flight N-36Dec 25 EgyptAir Flight 864

1975 ◄ ► 1977

v t e Aviation accidents and incidents in the Soviet Union in the 1970s
1970	Batagay Aeroflot An-24 crash (28 January 1970) Aeroflot Flight 145 (29 January 1970) Aeroflot Flight U-45 (February 1970) Aeroflot Flight 1661 (April 1970) Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair (June 1970) Aeroflot Flight 3630 (September 1970) Aeroflot Flight 244 (October 1970)
1971	Surgut Aeroflot An-12 crash (22 January 1971) Surgut Aeroflot An-12 crash (31 January 1971) Aeroflot Flight 1969 (March 1971) Aeroflot Flight 1912 (July 1971) Malév Flight 110 (September 1971) Aeroflot Flight 773 (October 1971) Aeroflot Flight N-63 (November 1971) Aeroflot Flight 2174 (December 1971)
1972	Aeroflot Flight B-608 (4 May 1972) Svetlogorsk An-24 crash (16 May 1972) Aeroflot Flight 1491 (18 May 1972) Aeroflot Flight 558 (August 1972) Aeroflot Flight 1036 (1 October 1972) Aeroflot Flight 217 (13 October 1972) Japan Air Lines Flight 446 (November 1972)
1973	Aeroflot Flight 6263 (January 1973) Aeroflot Flight 630 (24 February 1973) Aeroflot Flight X-167 (28 February 1973) Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Flight 307 (March 1973) Aeroflot Flight 2420 (April 1973) Aeroflot Flight 6551 (11 May 1973) Aeroflot Flight 109 (18 May 1973) Aeroflot Flight A-13 (August 1973) Aeroflot Flight 3932 (September 1973) Aeroflot Flight 964 (October 1973) Aeroflot Flight 19 (November 1973) Aeroflot Flight 2022 (December 1973)
1974	Aeroflot Flight H-75 (January 1974) Leningrad Aeroflot Il-18 crash (April 1974)
1975	Aeroflot Flight E-15 (July 1975) Aeroflot Flight 6274 (November 1975)
1976	Aeroflot Flight 2003 (January 1976) Aeroflot Flight 3739 (February 1976) Aeroflot Flight 909 (March 1976) Aeroflot Flight 1802 (May 1976) Anapa mid-air collision (September 1976) Aeroflot Flight 2415 (November 1976) Aeroflot Flight N-36 (December 1976)
1977	Aeroflot Flight 3843 (January 1977) Aeroflot Flight 5003 (February 1977) Tavda mid-air collision (May 1977) Aeroflot Tu-134 hijacking (10 July 1977) Aeroflot Flight B-2 (20 July 1977)
1978	Korean Air Lines Flight 902 (April 1978) Aeroflot Flight 6709 (19 May 1978) Yegoryevsk Tu-144 crash (23 May 1978) Iranian Chinook shootdown (June 1978) Aeroflot Flight 1080 (7 October 1978) Aeroflot Flight 6515 (23 October 1978)
1979	Aeroflot Flight 1691 (March 1979) Dniprodzerzhynsk mid-air collision (11 August 1979) Aeroflot Flight 5484 (29 August 1979)
1960–1969 ◄ 1970–1979 ► 1980–1991

Categories:

Aircraft

Crew

Sequence of events

Causes

See also

References