Not to be confused with Meglutol. Pharmaceutical compound
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| Trade names | Glyset |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a601079 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth (tablets) |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Dose-dependent |
| Protein binding | Negligible (<4.0%) |
| Metabolism | Nil |
| Elimination half-life | 2 hours |
| Excretion | Renal (95%) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.069.670  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C8H17NO5 |
| Molar mass | 207.226 g·mol |
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| Density | 1.458 g/cm |
| Melting point | 114 °C (237 °F) |
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Miglitol is an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It works by reversibly inhibiting alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine, which delays the digestion of complex carbohydrates and subsequently reduces postprandial glucose levels. Approved for clinical use since 1998, miglitol has demonstrated efficacy in improving glycemic control, reducing HbA1c levels, and decreasing both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations in long-term clinical trials. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that miglitol may have potential as an anti-obesity agent, showing promise in reducing body weight and body mass index in obese or diabetic patients. While generally well-tolerated, the most common side effects associated with miglitol are gastrointestinal disturbances, which are typically mild to moderate and tend to decrease over time.
It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect
In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.
Formulation
The benefits of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on health were shown to be stronger when the powder is consumed orally dissolved in water as a beverage in comparison to its intake as ordinary hard gelatin capsules.
See also
References
- ^ Scott LJ, Spencer CM (March 2000). "Miglitol: a review of its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus". Drugs. 59 (3): 521–49. doi:10.2165/00003495-200059030-00012. PMID 10776834.
- "Migliotl: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- Sugimoto S, Nakajima H, Kosaka K, Hosoi H (2015). "Review: Miglitol has potential as a therapeutic drug against obesity". Nutrition & Metabolism. 12: 51. doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0048-8. PMC 4666030. PMID 26628904.
- "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA" (PDF). Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- Moreira FD, Reis CE, Gallassi AD, Moreira DC, Welker AF (2024-10-09). Dardari D (ed.). "Suppression of the postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by a raw medicinal herb powder is weakened when consumed in ordinary hard gelatin capsules: A randomized crossover clinical trial". PLOS ONE. 19 (10): e0311501. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1911501M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311501. PMC 11463819. PMID 39383145.
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