FGF15/19 refers to two orthologous fibroblast growth factors which share 50% amino acid identity and have similar functions. FGF15 was described in the mouse; FGF19 was found in humans and other species. They share physiological functions and so are often referred to as FGF15/19 or as FGF15/FGF19.
They were first described in developing fetal brain. They are now known to be produced in the ileum, and under certain circumstances in the liver and biliary tree. It is thought their principal function is in response to bile acid absorption occurring after meals.
FGF15 and FGF19 have similar roles in regulating bile acid synthesis and also glucose metabolism in the liver.
References
- Jones SA (2012). "Physiology of FGF15/19". Endocrine FGFS and Klothos. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 728. pp. 171–82. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0887-1_11. ISBN 978-1-4614-0886-4. PMID 22396169.
- Potthoff MJ, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ (February 2012). "Endocrine fibroblast growth factors 15/19 and 21: from feast to famine". Genes & Development. 26 (4): 312–24. doi:10.1101/gad.184788.111. PMC 3289879. PMID 22302876.
- Gadaleta RM, Moschetta A (June 2019). "Metabolic Messengers: fibroblast growth factor 15/19". Nature Metabolism. 1 (6): 588–594. doi:10.1038/s42255-019-0074-3. PMID 32694803. S2CID 189928662.
- Owen BM, Mangelsdorf DJ, Kliewer SA (January 2015). "Tissue-specific actions of the metabolic hormones FGF15/19 and FGF21". Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 26 (1): 22–9. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2014.10.002. PMC 4277911. PMID 25476453.
| Growth factors | |||||||||
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| Fibroblast |
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| EGF-like domain | |||||||||
| TGFβ pathway | |||||||||
| Insulin/IGF/ Relaxin family |
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| Platelet-derived | |||||||||
| Vascular endothelial | |||||||||
| Other | |||||||||