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Traneurocin

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Neuroprotective drug
It has been suggested that this article be merged into Cyclic glycine-proline. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2024.

Pharmaceutical compound
Traneurocin
Clinical data
Other namesCycloprolylglycine; Cyclo-Gly-Pro; Cyclo-Pro-Gly; CGP; Cyclo-GP; Biocovax; Biomedivir; Dexaneurosone; NA-831; NA-81; Nanomedivir; Neurosivir; Traneurocine; (S)-Hexahydropyrrolopyrazine-1,4-dione
Drug classNeuroprotective; Neurogenesis stimulant; Cognitive enhancer
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life7 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • (8aS)-2,3,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolopyrazine-1,4-dione
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC7H10N2O2
Molar mass154.169 g·mol
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • C1C2C(=O)NCC(=O)N2C1
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C7H10N2O2/c10-6-4-8-7(11)5-2-1-3-9(5)6/h5H,1-4H2,(H,8,11)/t5-/m0/s1
  • Key:OWOHLURDBZHNGG-YFKPBYRVSA-N

Traneurocin (developmental code name NA-831), also known as cycloprolylglycine (CPG), is a racetam-like drug which is under development for the treatment of COVID-19, Alzheimer's disease, fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, major depressive disorder, and other neurological disorders. In the case of COVID-19, it is specifically being developed for treatment of COVID-19-induced neuropathy.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

The mechanism of action of traneurocin is either unknown or undisclosed. However, it has been described as acting as a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor and has been found to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. It has also been found to act as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor. The drug is described as having neuroprotective, neurogenesis-stimulating, and pro-cognitive or nootropic effects. It has also been reported to have antihypoxic and anxiolytic properties.

Pharmacokinetics

It is known to be an endogenous compound present at micromolar concentrations in the rat brain and readily crosses the blood–brain barrier.

Chemistry

Chemically, traneurocin is a synthetic cyclized dipeptide composed of the amino acids glycine and proline.

Clinical trials

As of September 2024, traneurocin is in phase 3 clinical trials for COVID-19, phase 2 clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease, fragile X syndrome, and Rett syndrome, and phase 1 clinical trials for major depressive disorder. No development has been reported for treatment of other neurological disorders. Traneurocin was first developed, under the name cycloprolylglycine (CPG), in Russia in 1991 as a drug related structurally and pharmacologically to piracetam. Cycloprolylglycine is also related to and known to be the major metabolite of omberacetam (Noopept).

Another drug, vineurocin (NA-704), is also being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This drug is described as a recombinant growth hormone with neuroprotective and neurogenic effects.

See also

References

  1. ^ Tran B, Tran L, Vu F (2018). "P4-202: NA-831 as a Regenerative Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease: A Phase 1 Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics Study". Alzheimer's & Dementia. 14 (7S_Part_29). Wiley. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.023. ISSN 1552-5260.
  2. ^ "Traneurocin". AdisInsight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 25 September 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  3. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on Traneurocin with Synapse". Synapse. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  4. ^ Gudasheva TA, Grigoriev VV, Koliasnikova KN, Zamoyski VL, Seredenin SB (November 2016). "Neuropeptide cycloprolylglycine is an endogenous positive modulator of AMPA receptors". Doklady. Biochemistry and Biophysics. 471 (1): 387–389. doi:10.1134/S160767291606003X. PMID 28058675.
  5. ^ Choi HS, Choi AY, Kopp JB, Winkler CA, Cho SK (April 2024). "Review of COVID-19 Therapeutics by Mechanism: From Discovery to Approval". Journal of Korean Medical Science. 39 (14): e134. doi:10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e134. PMC 11018982. PMID 38622939.
  6. Dalvi T, Dewangan B, Das R, Rani J, Shinde SD, Vhora N, et al. (2020). "Old Drugs with New Tricks: Paradigm in Drug Development Pipeline for Alzheimer's Disease". Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 20 (3): 157–176. doi:10.2174/1871524920666201021164805. PMID 33087034.
  7. Cummings J, Lee G, Ritter A, Sabbagh M, Zhong K (2019). "Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2019". Alzheimer's & Dementia. 5 (1). Wiley: 272–293. doi:10.1016/j.trci.2019.05.008. PMC 6617248. PMID 31334330.
  8. "NA-831". ALZFORUM. 28 November 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  9. Gudasheva TA, Koliasnikova KN, Antipova TA, Seredenin SB (July 2016). "Neuropeptide cycloprolylglycine increases the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuronal cells". Doklady. Biochemistry and Biophysics. 469 (1): 273–276. doi:10.1134/S1607672916040104. PMID 27599510.
  10. Sharonova IN, Bukanova YV, Gudasheva TA, Skrebitsky VG (May 2019). "Effect of Endogenous Neuropeptide Cycloprolylglycine on GABAA Receptors in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 167 (1): 39–42. doi:10.1007/s10517-019-04455-7. PMID 31177457.
  11. Alavian G, Kolahdouzan K, Mortezazadeh M, Torabi ZS (May 2021). "Antiretrovirals for Prophylaxis Against COVID-19: A Comprehensive Literature Review". Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 61 (5): 581–590. doi:10.1002/jcph.1788. PMC 7753707. PMID 33217030.
  12. Alipour S, Mahmoudi L, Ahmadi F (March 2023). "Pulmonary drug delivery: an effective and convenient delivery route to combat COVID-19". Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 13 (3): 705–715. doi:10.1007/s13346-022-01251-1. PMC 9580423. PMID 36260223.
  13. ^ Gudasheva TA (2015). "Theoretical grounds and technologies for dipeptide drug development". Russian Chemical Bulletin. 64 (9). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 2012–2021. doi:10.1007/s11172-015-1112-2. ISSN 1066-5285.
  14. "Cyclo(prolylglycyl): Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action". DrugBank Online. 13 June 2005. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  15. "(S)-Hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione". PubChem. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  16. Gudasheva TA, Vasilevich NI, Zolotov NN, Lezina VP, Rozenberg SG, Kravchenko EV, et al. (1991). "Mechanism of nootropic effect of topological proline-based piracetam analogues". Khim.-Farm. Zh. 25 (6): 12–16.
  17. "Vineurocine". AdisInsight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 7 April 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  18. "Delving into the Latest Updates on Vineurocin with Synapse". Synapse. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  19. "1st NIF Presenting Companies". SachsForum. 18 September 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2024. 2. Our second drug candidate, Vineurocin (NA-704) is a recombinant human growth hormone that modulates the aging process in humans. NA-704 exhibits neuroprotection and neurogenesis, which has been demonstrated as a strong candidate for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. The NA-704 Phase 2 will be from from June 2018 to May 2019.

External links

Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
AMPARTooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor
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See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • GABA receptor modulators • GABA metabolism/transport modulators
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