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Prostaglandin analogue

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Drug class

Prostaglandin analogues are a class of drugs that bind to a prostaglandin receptor.

Wider use of prostaglandin analogues is limited by unwanted side effects and their abortive potential.

Uses

Prostaglandin analogues such as misoprostol are used in treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers. Misoprostol and other prostaglandin analogues protect the lining of the gastrointestinal tract from harmful stomach acid and are especially indicated for the elderly on continuous doses of NSAIDs.

In the field of ophthalmology, drugs of this class are used to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in people with glaucoma. Up until the late 1970s prostaglandins were thought to raise IOP, but a paper published in 1977 showed that prostaglandin F2α lowered it, and subsequent studies found that this was due to increasing the outflow of aqueous humor, mainly by relaxing the ciliary muscle, and possibly also due to changes in extracellular matrix and to widening of spaces within the trabecular meshwork. This work led to the development of prodrugs of PGF2α, including latanoprost, an isopropyl analogue of PGF2α, approved by the FDA in 1996, bimatoprost and travoprost, both approved in 2001, and tafluprost, approved in 2012. However, there are notable side effects associated with usage, including increased eyelash growth, pigmentation of the iris, and darkening of the skin around the eye.

References

  1. ^ Winkler, NS; Fautsch, MP (2014). "Effects of prostaglandin analogues on aqueous humor outflow pathways". Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 30 (2–3): 102–9. doi:10.1089/jop.2013.0179. PMC 3991965. PMID 24359106.
  2. Zajac, P; Holbrook, A; Super, ME; Vogt, M (March–April 2013). "An overview: Current clinical guidelines for the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and management of dyspepsia". Osteopathic Family Physician. 5 (2): 79–85. doi:10.1016/j.osfp.2012.10.005.
  3. Xu L, Wang X, Wu M (2017). "Topical medication instillation techniques for glaucoma". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 (2): CD010520. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010520.pub2. PMC 5419432. PMID 28218404.

External links

Drugs for peptic ulcer and GERD/GORD (A02B)
H2 antagonists ("-tidine")
Prostaglandins (E)/
analogues ("-prost-")
Proton-pump inhibitors
("-prazole")
Potassium-competitive
acid blockers
("-prazan")
Others
Combinations
Antithrombotics (thrombolytics, anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs) (B01)
Antiplatelet drugs
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
ADP receptor/P2Y12 inhibitors
Prostaglandin analogue (PGI2)
COX inhibitors
Thromboxane inhibitors
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Other
Anticoagulants
Vitamin K antagonists
(inhibit II, VII, IX, X)
Factor Xa inhibitors
(with some II inhibition)
Heparin group/
glycosaminoglycans/
(bind antithrombin)
Direct Xa inhibitors ("xabans")
Direct thrombin (IIa) inhibitors
Other
Thrombolytic drugs/
fibrinolytics
Non-medicinal
Uterotonics/labor inducers/oxytocics (G02A)
Cervical ripening
Ergot alkaloids
Prostaglandins and
analogues
Contraction induction
Drugs used for glaucoma preparations and miosis (S01E)
Sympathomimetics
Parasympathomimetics
muscarinic
muscarinic/nicotinic
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/
(sulfonamides)
Beta blocking agents
Prostaglandin analogues (F)
Other agents
Eicosanoids
Precursor
Prostanoids
Prostaglandins (PG)
Precursor
Active
D/J
E/F
I
Thromboxanes (TX)
Leukotrienes (LT)
Precursor
Initial
SRS-A
Eoxins (EX)
Precursor
Eoxins
Nonclassic
By function
Prostanoid signaling modulators
Receptor
(ligands)
DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor
DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1
DP2Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2
EP (E2)Tooltip Prostaglandin E2 receptor
EP1Tooltip Prostaglandin EP1 receptor
EP2Tooltip Prostaglandin EP2 receptor
EP3Tooltip Prostaglandin EP3 receptor
EP4Tooltip Prostaglandin EP4 receptor
Unsorted
FP (F)Tooltip Prostaglandin F receptor
IP (I2)Tooltip Prostacyclin receptor
TP (TXA2)Tooltip Thromboxane receptor
Unsorted
Enzyme
(inhibitors)
COX
(PTGS)
PGD2STooltip Prostaglandin D synthase
PGESTooltip Prostaglandin E synthaseHQL-79
PGFSTooltip Prostaglandin F synthaseBimatoprost
PGI2STooltip Prostacyclin synthaseTranylcypromine
TXASTooltip Thromboxane A synthase
Others
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
Leukotriene signaling modulators


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