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Mercury(I) fluoride

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Mercury(I) fluoride
Mercury(I) fluoride
Names
IUPAC name Dimercury difluoride
Other names Mercury(I) fluoride
Mercurous fluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.302 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 237-747-9
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/2FH.2Hg/h2*1H;;/q;;2*+1/p-2Key: FQZUXVBMUHSNRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L
SMILES
  • FF
Properties
Chemical formula Hg2F2
Molar mass 439.177 g/mol
Appearance yellow cubic crystals
Density 8.73 g/cm, solid
Solubility in water decomposes
Solubility product (Ksp) 3.1×10
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −26.5·10 cm/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms GHS06: ToxicGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard
Signal word Danger
Hazard statements H300, H310, H330, H373, H410
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
4 0 0
Flash point non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions Mercury(I) chloride
Mercury(I) bromide
Mercury(I) iodide
Other cations Zinc fluoride
Cadmium fluoride
Related compounds Mercury(II) fluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). ☒verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Mercury(I) fluoride or mercurous fluoride is the chemical compound composed of mercury and fluorine with the formula Hg2F2. It consists of small yellow cubic crystals, which turn black when exposed to light.

Synthesis

Mercury(I) fluoride is prepared by the reaction of mercury(I) carbonate with hydrofluoric acid:

Hg2CO3 + 2 HF → Hg2F2 + CO2 + H2O

Reactions

When added to water, mercury(I) fluoride hydrolyzes to elemental liquid mercury, mercury(II) oxide, and hydrofluoric acid:

Hg2F2 + H2O → Hg + HgO + 2 HF

It can be used in the Swarts reaction to convert alkyl halides into alkyl fluorides:

2 R-X + Hg2F2 → 2 R-F + Hg2X2
where X = Cl, Br, I

Structure

Unit cell of Hg2F2, with F from adjacent molecules coordinating the Hg atoms

In common with other Hg(I) (mercurous) compounds which contain linear X-Hg-Hg-X units, Hg2F2 contains linear FHg2F units with an Hg-Hg bond length of 251 pm (Hg-Hg in the metal is 300 pm) and an Hg-F bond length of 214 pm. The overall coordination of each Hg atom is a distorted octahedron; in addition to the bonded F and other Hg of the molecule, there are four other F atoms at 272 pm. The compound is often formulated as Hg
22.

References

  1. ^ Perry, Dale L.; Phillips, Sidney L. (1995), Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, CRC Press, p. 256, ISBN 0-8493-8671-3, retrieved 2008-06-17
  2. John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–189. ISBN 978-1138561632.
  3. 339318 Mercury(I) fluoride technical grade, Sigma-Aldrich, retrieved 2008-06-17
  4. Beyer, Hans; Walter, Wolfgang; Lloyd, Douglas (1997), Organic Chemistry, Horwood Publishing, p. 136, ISBN 1-898563-37-3, retrieved 2008-06-17
  5. ^ Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
  6. Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, ISBN 0-471-19957-5
Mercury compounds
Mercury(I)
Mercury(II)
Organomercury
compounds
Mercury(IV)
Amalgams
Mercury cations
Fluorine compounds
Salts and covalent derivatives of the fluoride ion
HF ?HeF2
LiF BeF2 BF
BF3
B2F4
+BO3
CF4
CxFy
+CO3
NF3
FN3
N2F2
NF
N2F4
NF2
?NF5
OF2
O2F2
OF
O3F2
O4F2
?OF4
F2 Ne
NaF MgF2 AlF
AlF3
SiF4 P2F4
PF3
PF5
S2F2
SF2
S2F4
SF3
SF4
S2F10
SF6
+SO4
ClF
ClF3
ClF5
?ArF2
?ArF4
KF CaF
CaF2
ScF3 TiF2
TiF3
TiF4
VF2
VF3
VF4
VF5
CrF2
CrF3
CrF4
CrF5
?CrF6
MnF2
MnF3
MnF4
?MnF5
FeF2
FeF3
FeF4
CoF2
CoF3
CoF4
NiF2
NiF3
NiF4
CuF
CuF2
?CuF3
ZnF2 GaF2
GaF3
GeF2
GeF4
AsF3
AsF5
Se2F2
SeF4
SeF6
+SeO3
BrF
BrF3
BrF5
KrF2
?KrF4
?KrF6
RbF SrF
SrF2
YF3 ZrF2
ZrF3
ZrF4
NbF4
NbF5
MoF4
MoF5
MoF6
TcF4
TcF
5

TcF6
RuF3
RuF
4

RuF5
RuF6
RhF3
RhF4
RhF5
RhF6
PdF2
Pd
PdF4
?PdF6
Ag2F
AgF
AgF2
AgF3
CdF2 InF
InF3
SnF2
SnF4
SbF3
SbF5
TeF4
?Te2F10
TeF6
+TeO3
IF
IF3
IF5
IF7
+IO3
XeF2
XeF4
XeF6
?XeF8
CsF BaF2   LuF3 HfF4 TaF5 WF4
WF5
WF6
ReF4
ReF5
ReF6
ReF7
OsF4
OsF5
OsF6
?OsF
7

?OsF
8
IrF2
IrF3
IrF4
IrF5
IrF6
PtF2
Pt
PtF4
PtF5
PtF6
AuF
AuF3
Au2F10
?AuF6
AuF5•F2
Hg2F2
HgF2
?HgF4
TlF
TlF3
PbF2
PbF4
BiF3
BiF5
?PoF2
PoF4
PoF6
AtF
?AtF3
?AtF5
RnF2
?RnF
4

?RnF
6
FrF RaF2   LrF3 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
LaF3 CeF3
CeF4
PrF3
PrF4
NdF2
NdF3
NdF4
PmF3 SmF
SmF2
SmF3
EuF2
EuF3
GdF3 TbF3
TbF4
DyF2
DyF3
DyF4
HoF3 ErF3 TmF2
TmF3
YbF2
YbF3
AcF3 ThF3
ThF4
PaF4
PaF5
UF3
UF4
UF5
UF6
NpF3
NpF4
NpF5
NpF6
PuF3
PuF4
PuF5
PuF6
AmF2
AmF3
AmF4
?AmF6
CmF3
CmF4
 ?CmF6
BkF3
BkF
4
CfF3
CfF4
EsF3
EsF4
?EsF6
Fm Md No
PF−6, AsF−6, SbF−6 compounds
AlF2−5, AlF3−6 compounds
chlorides, bromides, iodides
and pseudohalogenides
SiF2−6, GeF2−6 compounds
Oxyfluorides
Organofluorides
with transition metal,
lanthanide, actinide, ammonium
nitric acids
bifluorides
thionyl, phosphoryl,
and iodosyl
Chemical formulas
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