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CREM
Identifiers
Aliases	CREM, CREM-2, ICER, hCREM-2, cAMP responsive element modulator
External IDs	OMIM: 123812; MGI: 88495; HomoloGene: 84591; GeneCards: CREM; OMA:CREM - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 10 (human) Band 10p11.21 Start 35,126,791 bp End 35,212,958 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 18 (mouse) Band 18|18 A1 Start 3,266,048 bp End 3,337,748 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in left testis right testis right adrenal cortex left adrenal cortex sperm gallbladder anterior pituitary gonad left uterine tube C1 segment Top expressed in spermatid spermatocyte seminiferous tubule adrenal gland lumbar spinal ganglion right kidney proximal tubule islet of Langerhans atrioventricular valve muscle of thigh More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding cAMP response element binding protein binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity protein binding RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component cytoplasm transcription regulator complex nucleus Biological process cell differentiation regulation of transcription, DNA-templated glycosphingolipid metabolic process rhythmic process transcription, DNA-templated fatty acid metabolic process multicellular organism development retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway regulation of circadian rhythm spermatogenesis glucose metabolic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II signal transduction negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1390 12916 Ensembl ENSG00000095794 ENSMUSG00000063889 UniProt Q03060 P27699 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001267562 NM_001267563 NM_001267564 NM_001267565 NM_001267566 NM_001267567 NM_001267568 NM_001267569 NM_001267570 NM_001881 NM_181571 NM_182717 NM_182718 NM_182719 NM_182720 NM_182721 NM_182722 NM_182723 NM_182724 NM_182725 NM_182769 NM_182770 NM_182771 NM_182772 NM_182850 NM_182853 NM_183011 NM_183012 NM_183013 NM_183060 NM_001352445 NM_001352446 NM_001352465 NM_001352466 NM_001352467 NM_001394595 NM_001394598 NM_001394600 NM_001394602 NM_001394603 NM_001394605 NM_001394608 NM_001394610 NM_001394613 NM_001394614 NM_001394615 NM_001394616 NM_001394617 NM_001394618 NM_001394619 NM_001394620 NM_001394621 NM_001394622 NM_001394623 NM_001394625 NM_001394626 NM_001394627 NM_001394628 NM_001394629 NM_001394630 NM_001394631 NM_001110850 NM_001110851 NM_001110852 NM_001110853 NM_001110854 NM_001110855 NM_001110856 NM_001110857 NM_001110858 NM_001110859 NM_001271503 NM_001271504 NM_001271505 NM_001271506 NM_013498 NM_001311066 NM_001311067 NM_001374833 RefSeq (protein) NP_001254491 NP_001254492 NP_001254493 NP_001254494 NP_001254495 NP_001254496 NP_001254497 NP_001254498 NP_001254499 NP_001872 NP_853549 NP_874386 NP_874387 NP_874388 NP_874389 NP_874390 NP_874392 NP_874393 NP_877570 NP_877571 NP_877572 NP_877573 NP_898829 NP_898830 NP_898831 NP_898883 NP_001339374 NP_001339375 NP_001339394 NP_001339395 NP_001339396 NP_001104320 NP_001104321 NP_001104322 NP_001104323 NP_001104324 NP_001104325 NP_001104326 NP_001104327 NP_001104328 NP_001104329 NP_001258432 NP_001258433 NP_001258434 NP_001258435 NP_001297995 NP_001297996 NP_038526 NP_001361762 Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 35.13 – 35.21 Mb Chr 18: 3.27 – 3.34 Mb PubMed search
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cAMP responsive element modulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREM gene, and it belongs to the cAMP-responsive element binding protein family. It has multiple isoforms, which act either as repressors or activators. CREB family is important for in regulating transcription in response to various stresses, metabolic and developmental signals. CREM transcription factors also play an important role in many physiological systems, such as cardiac function, circadian rhythms, locomotion and spermatogenesis.

Function

This gene encodes a bZIP transcription factor that binds to the cAMP responsive element found in many viral and cellular promoters. It is an important component of cAMP-mediated signal transduction during the spermatogenetic cycle, as well as other complex processes. Alternative promoter and translation initiation site usage allows this gene to exert spatial and temporal specificity to cAMP responsiveness. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene, with some of them functioning as activators and some as repressors of transcription.

Gene location

The chromosomal location of CREM gene is at 10p11.21, where it starts at 35415769 and ends at 35501886 bp from pter ( according to hg19-Feb_2009)

Interactions

CAMP responsive element modulator has been shown to interact with FHL5.

Disease relevance of CREM

Panic disorder

One study reported the DNA sequence variations in the gene for CREM in panic disorder patients. It showed a significant excess of the shorter eight-repeat allele and of genotypes containing the eight-repeat allele in panic disorder patients. The observed associations were limited to panic disorder without agoraphobia, and they were more prominent in females. But, the independent Italian and Spanish samples in this study did not support their results. Another family-based study showed little evidence of any susceptibility locus for panic disorder either within the CREM gene or in a nearby region on chromosome 10p11

Spermiogenesis deficiency

CREM has been shown to be a master-switch regulator in testis. It plays an important role in the regulation of the expression of post-meiotic genes, and this has been supported by several studies using CREM-mutation mice. The results showed the first step in the process of sperm formation would be blocked if the germ cell development in mice CREM gene were disrupted. The cAMP response element sites can be found in the promoter region of some postmeiotic genes, so that the CREM can target and regulate these genes.

Two studies proved that treatment of rats with Salvia hypoleuca and Alpina galanga can significantly increased the CREM gene expression.

Systemic lupus erythematousus

Less IL-2 will be produced from T cells in humans or mice with systemic lupus erythematousus (SLE). Some studies showed that an increased level CREM was presented in the nucleus of T lymphocytes from SLE patients. The CREM bound to the -180 site of the IL-2 promoter to repress its transcription.

References

1. ^ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000095794 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000063889 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Meyer TE, Habener JF (November 1992). "Cyclic AMP response element binding protein CREB and modulator protein CREM are products of distinct genes". Nucleic Acids Research. 20 (22): 6106. doi:10.1093/nar/20.22.6106. PMC 334485. PMID 1461747.
6. Masquilier D, Foulkes NS, Mattei MG, Sassone-Corsi P (November 1993). "Human CREM gene: evolutionary conservation, chromosomal localization, and inducibility of the transcript". Cell Growth & Differentiation. 4 (11): 931–937. PMID 7916662.
7. ^ "Entrez Gene: CREM cAMP responsive element modulator".
8. Foulkes NS, Sassone-Corsi P (February 1992). "More is better: activators and repressors from the same gene". Cell. 68 (3): 411–414. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90178-f. PMID 1739963. S2CID 34290449.
9. Sassone-Corsi P (1995-01-01). "Transcription factors responsive to cAMP". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 11: 355–377. doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.002035. PMID 8689562.
10. Isoda T, Paolocci N, Haghighi K, Wang C, Wang Y, Georgakopoulos D, et al. (February 2003). "Novel regulation of cardiac force-frequency relation by CREM (cAMP response element modulator)". FASEB Journal. 17 (2): 144–151. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0981com. PMID 12554693. S2CID 17890025.
11. Sassone-Corsi P (June 2000). "CREM: a master-switch regulating the balance between differentiation and apoptosis in male germ cells". Molecular Reproduction and Development. 56 (2 Suppl): 228–229. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(200006)56:2+<228::AID-MRD2>3.0.CO;2-B. PMID 10824972. S2CID 21160055.
12. Sassone-Corsi P (August 1998). "CREM: a master-switch governing male germ cells differentiation and apoptosis". Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 9 (4): 475–482. doi:10.1006/scdb.1998.0200. PMID 9813195.
13. "CREM (cAMP responsive element modulator)". atlasgeneticsoncology.org. Retrieved 2016-10-16.
14. Fimia GM, De Cesare D, Sassone-Corsi P (November 2000). "A family of LIM-only transcriptional coactivators: tissue-specific expression and selective activation of CREB and CREM". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (22): 8613–8622. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.22.8613-8622.2000. PMC 102166. PMID 11046156.
15. Fimia GM, De Cesare D, Sassone-Corsi P (March 1999). "CBP-independent activation of CREM and CREB by the LIM-only protein ACT". Nature. 398 (6723): 165–169. Bibcode:1999Natur.398..165F. doi:10.1038/18237. PMID 10086359. S2CID 4424908.
16. Domschke K, Kuhlenbäumer G, Schirmacher A, Lorenzi C, Armengol L, DiBella D, et al. (February 2003). "Human nuclear transcription factor gene CREM: genomic organization, mutation screening, and association analysis in panic disorder". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics. 117B (1): 70–78. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.10018. PMID 12555239. S2CID 8884044.
17. Hamilton SP, Slager SL, Mayo D, Heiman GA, Klein DF, Hodge SE, et al. (April 2004). "Investigation of polymorphisms in the CREM gene in panic disorder". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics. 126B (1): 111–115. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.20121. PMID 15048659. S2CID 43810849.
18. ^ Krausz C, Sassone-Corsi P (January 2005). "Genetic control of spermiogenesis: insights from the CREM gene and implications for human infertility". Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 10 (1): 64–71. doi:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)60805-X. PMID 15705296.
19. Nantel F, Monaco L, Foulkes NS, Masquilier D, LeMeur M, Henriksén K, et al. (March 1996). "Spermiogenesis deficiency and germ-cell apoptosis in CREM-mutant mice". Nature. 380 (6570): 159–162. Bibcode:1996Natur.380..159N. doi:10.1038/380159a0. PMID 8600390. S2CID 4278745.
20. Jasem E, Nasim J, Gholamreza M, Naser S, Nader M, Maryam SL, et al. (October 2010). "Evaluation of the effects of Salvia hypoleuca on the cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) gene expression and spermatogenesis in rat". Middle East Fertility Society Journal. 15 (4): 274–277. doi:10.1016/j.mefs.2010.08.002.
21. Mazaheri M, Shahdadi V, Nazari Boron A (November 2014). "Molecullar and biochemical effect of alcohlic extract of Alpinia galanga on rat spermatogenesis process". Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 12 (11): 765–770. PMC 4330656. PMID 25709632.
22. Juang YT, Wang Y, Solomou EE, Li Y, Mawrin C, Tenbrock K, et al. (April 2005). "Systemic lupus erythematosus serum IgG increases CREM binding to the IL-2 promoter and suppresses IL-2 production through CaMKIV". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (4): 996–1005. doi:10.1172/JCI22854. PMC 1070410. PMID 15841182.

Further reading

• Don J, Stelzer G (February 2002). "The expanding family of CREB/CREM transcription factors that are involved with spermatogenesis". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 187 (1–2): 115–124. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00696-7. PMID 11988318. S2CID 23023082.
• Yan C, Miller CL, Abe J (March 2007). "Regulation of phosphodiesterase 3 and inducible cAMP early repressor in the heart". Circulation Research. 100 (4): 489–501. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000258451.44949.d7. PMC 4115784. PMID 17332439.
• Pongubala JM, Atchison ML (April 1995). "Activating transcription factor 1 and cyclic AMP response element modulator can modulate the activity of the immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (17): 10304–10313. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.17.10304. PMID 7730336.
• Walker WH, Sanborn BM, Habener JF (December 1994). "An isoform of transcription factor CREM expressed during spermatogenesis lacks the phosphorylation domain and represses cAMP-induced transcription". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (26): 12423–12427. Bibcode:1994PNAS...9112423W. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.12423. PMC 45450. PMID 7809053.
• Fujimoto T, Fujisawa J, Yoshida M (February 1994). "Novel isoforms of human cyclic AMP-responsive element modulator (hCREM) mRNA". Journal of Biochemistry. 115 (2): 298–303. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124332. PMID 8206879.
• de Groot RP, den Hertog J, Vandenheede JR, Goris J, Sassone-Corsi P (October 1993). "Multiple and cooperative phosphorylation events regulate the CREM activator function". The EMBO Journal. 12 (10): 3903–3911. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06068.x. PMC 413673. PMID 8404858.
• Bodor J, Walker W, Flemington E, Spetz AL, Habener JF (December 1995). "Modulation of Tax and PKA-mediated expression of HTLV-I promoter via cAMP response element binding and modulator proteins CREB and CREM". FEBS Letters. 377 (3): 413–418. Bibcode:1995FEBSL.377..413B. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)01299-0. PMID 8549766. S2CID 45422227.
• Nantel F, Monaco L, Foulkes NS, Masquilier D, LeMeur M, Henriksén K, et al. (March 1996). "Spermiogenesis deficiency and germ-cell apoptosis in CREM-mutant mice". Nature. 380 (6570): 159–162. Bibcode:1996Natur.380..159N. doi:10.1038/380159a0. PMID 8600390. S2CID 4278745.
• Blendy JA, Kaestner KH, Weinbauer GF, Nieschlag E, Schütz G (March 1996). "Severe impairment of spermatogenesis in mice lacking the CREM gene". Nature. 380 (6570): 162–165. Bibcode:1996Natur.380..162B. doi:10.1038/380162a0. PMID 8600391. S2CID 4337719.
• Bodor J, Spetz AL, Strominger JL, Habener JF (April 1996). "cAMP inducibility of transcriptional repressor ICER in developing and mature human T lymphocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (8): 3536–3541. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.3536B. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3536. PMC 39645. PMID 8622971.
• Gellersen B, Kempf R, Telgmann R (January 1997). "Human endometrial stromal cells express novel isoforms of the transcriptional modulator CREM and up-regulate ICER in the course of decidualization". Molecular Endocrinology. 11 (1): 97–113. doi:10.1210/mend.11.1.9875. PMID 8994192.
• Laurance ME, Kwok RP, Huang MS, Richards JP, Lundblad JR, Goodman RH (January 1997). "Differential activation of viral and cellular promoters by human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 tax and cAMP-responsive element modulator isoforms". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (5): 2646–2651. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.5.2646. PMID 9006899.
• Bonny C, Cooker LA, Goldberg E (March 1998). "Deoxyribonucleic acid-protein interactions and expression of the human testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase promoter: transcription factor Sp1 plays a major role". Biology of Reproduction. 58 (3): 754–759. doi:10.1095/biolreprod58.3.754. PMID 9510963.
• Müller FU, Bokník P, Knapp J, Neumann J, Vahlensieck U, Oetjen E, et al. (September 1998). "Identification and expression of a novel isoform of cAMP response element modulator in the human heart". FASEB Journal. 12 (12): 1191–1199. doi:10.1096/fasebj.12.12.1191. PMID 9737722. S2CID 34554530.
• Fimia GM, De Cesare D, Sassone-Corsi P (March 1999). "CBP-independent activation of CREM and CREB by the LIM-only protein ACT". Nature. 398 (6723): 165–169. Bibcode:1999Natur.398..165F. doi:10.1038/18237. PMID 10086359. S2CID 4424908.
• Pati D, Meistrich ML, Plon SE (July 1999). "Human Cdc34 and Rad6B ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes target repressors of cyclic AMP-induced transcription for proteolysis". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 19 (7): 5001–5013. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.7.5001. PMC 84326. PMID 10373550.
• Inada A, Someya Y, Yamada Y, Ihara Y, Kubota A, Ban N, et al. (July 1999). "The cyclic AMP response element modulator family regulates the insulin gene transcription by interacting with transcription factor IID". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (30): 21095–21103. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.30.21095. PMID 10409662.
• Zauli G, Secchiero P, Rodella L, Gibellini D, Mirandola P, Mazzoni M, et al. (February 2000). "HIV-1 Tat-mediated inhibition of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in dopaminergic neuronal cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (6): 4159–4165. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.6.4159. PMID 10660577.

External links

• CREM+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Human CREM genome location and CREM gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

• Genes on human chromosome 10
• Transcription factors